Aziz Art September 2016
History of art(west and Iranian)-contemporary art
History of art(west and Iranian)-contemporary art
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<strong>Aziz</strong> <strong>Art</strong><br />
<strong>September</strong> <strong>2016</strong><br />
Ira<br />
n<br />
Da<br />
rr<br />
ou<br />
di<br />
competition<br />
Iran
1-Van Gogh<br />
13-Iran<br />
14-competition<br />
15-Iran Darroudi<br />
18-competition<br />
19-Jamshid Mashayekhi<br />
22-competition<br />
23-Iran<br />
Director: <strong>Aziz</strong> Anzabi<br />
Editor and translator :<br />
Asra Yaghoubi<br />
Research: Zohreh Nazari<br />
http://www.aziz-anzabi.com
Van Gogh<br />
1
Vincent Willem van Gogh<br />
30 March 1853 – 29 July 1890.<br />
was a Dutch Post-Impressionist<br />
painter who is among the most<br />
famous and influential figures in<br />
the history of Western art. In just<br />
over a decade he created<br />
approximately 2100 artworks,<br />
including around 860 oil paintings,<br />
most of them in the last two years<br />
of his life. They include<br />
landscapes, still lifes, portraits<br />
and self-portraits, and are<br />
characterised by bold, symbolic<br />
colours, and dramatic, impulsive<br />
and highly expressive brushwork<br />
that contributed to<br />
the foundations of modern art. He<br />
sold only one painting during his<br />
lifetime and became famous after<br />
his suicide, aged 37, which f<br />
ollowed years of poverty and<br />
mental illness.<br />
Born into an upper-middle-class<br />
family, Van Gogh drew as a child<br />
and was serious, quiet and<br />
thoughtful, but showed signs of<br />
mental instability. As a young man<br />
he worked as an art dealer, often<br />
travelling, but became depressed<br />
after he was transferred to London.<br />
He turned to religion, and spent<br />
time as a missionary in southern<br />
Belgium. Later he drifted in illhealth<br />
and solitude. He was keenly<br />
aware of modernist trends in art<br />
and, while back with his parents,<br />
took up painting in 1881. His<br />
younger brother, Theo, supported<br />
him financially, and the two of<br />
them kept up a long<br />
correspondence by letter.<br />
Van Gogh's early works, mostly still<br />
lifes and depictions of peasant<br />
labourers, contain few signs of the<br />
vivid colour that distinguished his<br />
later work. In 1886 he moved to<br />
Paris and discovered the French<br />
Impressionists. As his work<br />
developed he created a new<br />
approach to still lifes and local<br />
landscapes. His paintings grew<br />
brighter in colour as he developed<br />
a style that became fully realised<br />
during his stay in Arles in the south<br />
of France in 1888. He lived there in<br />
the Yellow House and, with the<br />
French artist Paul Gauguin,<br />
developed a concept of colour that<br />
symbolised inner emotion. During<br />
this period he broadened his<br />
subject matter to include olive<br />
trees, cypresses, wheat fields and<br />
sunflowers.
Van Gogh suffered from psychotic<br />
episodes and delusions and,<br />
though he worried about his<br />
mental stability, he often<br />
neglected his physical health, not<br />
eating properly and drinking<br />
heavily. His friendship with<br />
Gauguin came to an end after a<br />
violent encounter when he<br />
threatened the Frenchman with a<br />
razor, and in a rage, cut off part of<br />
his own left ear. While in a<br />
psychiatric hospital in Saint-Rémy<br />
his condition stabilised, leading to<br />
one of the more productive<br />
periods of his life. He moved to the<br />
Auberge Ravoux in<br />
Auvers-sur-Oise near Paris under<br />
the care of the<br />
homeopathic doctor and artist,<br />
Paul Gachet. During this time, his<br />
brother Theo wrote that he could<br />
no longer support him financially.<br />
A few weeks later, on 27 July 1890,<br />
Van Gogh shot himself in the chest<br />
with a revolver. He died from his<br />
injuries two days later.<br />
Considered a madman and a<br />
failure in his lifetime, Van Gogh<br />
exists in the public imagination as<br />
the quintessential misunderstood<br />
genius, the artist<br />
"where discourses on madness and<br />
creativity<br />
converge." His reputation began to<br />
grow in the early 20th century as<br />
elements of his painting style came<br />
to be incorporated by the Fauves<br />
and German Expressionists. He<br />
attained widespread critical,<br />
commercial and popular success<br />
over the ensuing decades, and is<br />
remembered as an important but<br />
tragic painter, whose troubled<br />
personality typifies the romantic<br />
ideal of the tortured artist<br />
Early years<br />
Vincent Willem van Gogh was born<br />
on 30 March 1853 in Groot-<br />
Zundert, in the predominantly<br />
Catholic province of North Brabant<br />
in the southern Netherlands.He<br />
was the oldest surviving child of<br />
Theodorus van Gogh, a minister of<br />
the Dutch Reformed Church, and<br />
Anna Cornelia Carbentus. Van Gogh<br />
was given the name of his<br />
grandfather, and of a brother<br />
stillborn exactly a year before his<br />
birth.[note 2] Vincent was a<br />
common name in the Van Gogh<br />
family: his grandfather, Vincent<br />
(1789–1874), who received a<br />
degree in theology at the University<br />
of Leiden in 1811, had six sons,
three of whom became<br />
art dealers. This Vincent may have<br />
been<br />
named after his own great-uncle,<br />
a sculptor (1729–1802).<br />
Van Gogh's mother came from a<br />
prosperous family in The Hague,<br />
and his father was the youngest<br />
son of a minister.The two met<br />
when Anna's younger sister,<br />
Cornelia, married Theodorus's<br />
older<br />
brother Vincent (Cent).<br />
Van Gogh's parents married in<br />
May 1851 and moved to<br />
Zundert.His brother<br />
Theo was born on 1 May 1857.<br />
There was another brother, Cor,<br />
and three sisters: Elisabeth, Anna,<br />
and Willemina (known as "Wil").<br />
In later life Van Gogh remained in<br />
touch only with Willemina and<br />
Theo.Van Gogh's mother<br />
was a rigid and religious woman<br />
who emphasised the<br />
importance of family to the<br />
point of claustrophobia for those<br />
around her. Theodorus's salary<br />
was modest, but the Church<br />
supplied the family with a<br />
house, a maid, two cooks, a<br />
gardener, a carriage and horse,<br />
and Anna instilled in the<br />
children a duty to uphold the<br />
family's high social position.<br />
Black-and-white formal head shot<br />
photo of the artist as a boy in jacket<br />
and tie. He has thick curly hair and<br />
very pale-coloured eyes with a<br />
wary, uneasy expression.<br />
Vincent c. 1866, about 13 years old<br />
Van Gogh was a serious and<br />
thoughtful child. He was taught at<br />
home by his mother and a<br />
governess, and in 1860 was sent to<br />
the village school. In 1864 he was<br />
placed in a boarding school at<br />
Zevenbergen, where he felt<br />
abandoned, and campaigned to<br />
come home. Instead, in 1866 his<br />
parents sent him to the middle<br />
school in Tilburg, where he was<br />
deeply unhappy.His interest in art<br />
began at a young age; encouraged<br />
to draw as a child by his mother,his<br />
early drawings are expressive, but<br />
do not approach the intensity<br />
developed in his later<br />
work.Constantijn C. Huysmans, who<br />
had been a successful artist in Paris,<br />
taught the students at Tilburg. His<br />
philosophy was to reject technique<br />
in favour of capturing the<br />
impressions of things, particularly<br />
nature or common objects.
Van Gogh's profound<br />
unhappiness seems to have<br />
overshadowed the lessons, which<br />
had little effect.In March 1868, he<br />
abruptly returned home. Later he<br />
wrote that his youth was "austere<br />
and cold, and sterile."<br />
In July 1869 Van Gogh's uncle<br />
Cent obtained a position<br />
for him at the<br />
art dealers Goupil & Cie in The<br />
Hague.After completing<br />
his training in 1873, he was<br />
transferred to Goupil's London<br />
branch, at 17 Southampton<br />
Street, and took lodgings at 87<br />
Hackford Road, Stockwell.<br />
This was a happy time for Van<br />
Gogh; he was successful at work,<br />
and at 20 was earning more than<br />
his father. Theo's wife later<br />
remarked that this was the best<br />
year of his life. He became<br />
infatuated with his landlady's<br />
daughter,<br />
Eugénie Loyer, but was rejected<br />
after confessing his feelings; she<br />
was secretly engaged to a former<br />
lodger. He grew more isolated,<br />
and religiously fervent. His father<br />
and uncle arranged a transfer to<br />
Paris in 1875, where he became<br />
resentful of issues such as the<br />
degree to which the firm<br />
commodified art, and was<br />
dismissed a year later.<br />
In April 1876 Van Gogh returned to<br />
England, taking unpaid work as a<br />
supply teacher in a small boarding<br />
school in Ramsgate. When the<br />
proprietor moved to Isleworth in<br />
Middlesex, Van Gogh went with<br />
him. The arrangement did not work<br />
out and he left to become a<br />
Methodist minister's assistant.His<br />
parents had meanwhile moved to<br />
Etten; in 1876 he returned home at<br />
Christmas for six months and took<br />
work at a bookshop in Dordrecht.<br />
He was unhappy in the position and<br />
spent his time doodling or<br />
translating passages from the Bible<br />
into English, French and German.<br />
He immersed himself in religion,<br />
and became increasingly pious and<br />
monastic.According to his flat-mate<br />
of the time, Paulus van Görlitz, Van<br />
Gogh ate frugally, avoiding meat.<br />
Photo of a two-storey brick house<br />
on the left partially obscured by<br />
trees with a front lawn and with a<br />
row of trees on the right
Van Gogh's home in Cuesmes in<br />
1880; while there he decided to<br />
become an artist<br />
To support Van Gogh's religious<br />
convictions and his desire to<br />
become a pastor, in 1877 the<br />
family sent him to stay with his<br />
uncle Johannes Stricker, a<br />
respected theologian, in<br />
Amsterdam.Van Gogh prepared<br />
for the University of Amsterdam<br />
theology entrance examination;<br />
he failed the exam, and left his<br />
uncle's house in July 1878. He<br />
undertook, but also failed, a threemonth<br />
course at a Protestant<br />
missionary school in Laken, near<br />
Brussels.<br />
In January 1879 Van Gogh took a<br />
post as a missionary at Petit-<br />
Wasmes in the coal-mining<br />
district of Borinage in Belgium.<br />
To show support for his<br />
impoverished congregation, he<br />
gave up his comfortable<br />
lodgings at a bakery to a<br />
homeless person, and moved<br />
to a small hut where he slept on<br />
straw.His squalid living conditions<br />
did not endear him to church<br />
authorities, who dismissed him<br />
for "undermining the dignity of<br />
the priesthood". He then walked<br />
the 75 kilometres (47 mi) to<br />
Brussels, returned briefly to<br />
Cuesmes in the Borinage, but gave<br />
in to pressure from his parents to<br />
return home to Etten. He stayed<br />
there until around March<br />
1880,which caused concern and<br />
frustration for his parents. There<br />
was particular conflict between Van<br />
Gogh and his father, who<br />
considered committing him to the<br />
lunatic asylum at Geel.<br />
Returning to Cuesmes in August<br />
1880, Van Gogh lodged with a<br />
miner until October.He became<br />
interested in the people and scenes<br />
around him, and recorded them in<br />
drawings after Theo's suggestion<br />
that he take up art in earnest. He<br />
travelled to Brussels later in the<br />
year, to follow Theo's<br />
recommendation that he study<br />
with the Dutch artist Willem<br />
Roelofs, who persuaded him – in<br />
spite of his dislike of formal schools<br />
of art – to attend the Académie<br />
Royale des Beaux-<strong>Art</strong>s. He<br />
registered at the Académie in<br />
November 1880, where he studied<br />
anatomy and the standard rules of<br />
modelling and perspective
<strong>Art</strong>istic development<br />
A view of a dark starry night with<br />
bright stars shining over the River<br />
Rhone. Across the river distant<br />
buildings with bright lights shining<br />
are reflected into the dark waters<br />
of the Rhone.<br />
Starry Night Over the Rhone,<br />
1888. Musée d'Orsay, Paris<br />
Van Gogh drew and painted with<br />
watercolours while at school, but<br />
only a few examples survive and<br />
the authorship of some has been<br />
challenged.When he took up art<br />
as an adult, he began at an<br />
elementary level. In early 1882,<br />
his uncle, Cornelis Marinus,<br />
owner of a well-known gallery of<br />
contemporary art in Amsterdam,<br />
asked for drawings of The Hague.<br />
Van Gogh's work did not live up to<br />
expectations. Marinus offered a<br />
second commission, specifying the<br />
subject matter in detail, but was<br />
again disappointed with the result.<br />
Van Gogh persevered; he<br />
experimented with lighting in his<br />
studio using variable shutters,<br />
and with different drawing<br />
materials. For more than a year he<br />
worked<br />
on single figures – highly elaborate<br />
studies in black and white,<br />
which at the time gained him only<br />
criticism.<br />
Later, they were recognised as his<br />
first masterpieces.<br />
In August 1882 Theo gave Vincent<br />
money to buy materials for working<br />
en plein air. Vincent wrote that he<br />
could now "go on painting with<br />
new vigour".From early 1883 he<br />
worked on multi-figure<br />
compositions. He had some of<br />
them photographed, but when his<br />
brother remarked that they lacked<br />
liveliness and freshness, he<br />
destroyed them and turned to oil<br />
painting. Van Gogh turned to wellknown<br />
Hague School artists like<br />
Weissenbruch and Blommers, and<br />
received technical advice from<br />
them, as well as from painters like<br />
De Bock and Van der Weele, both<br />
artists of the Hague School's<br />
second generation.When he moved<br />
to Nuenen after the period in<br />
Drenthe he began several large<br />
paintings but destroyed most of<br />
them. The Potato Eaters and its<br />
companion pieces are the only<br />
ones to have survived. Following a<br />
visit to the Rijksmuseum, Van Gogh<br />
was aware that many of his faults<br />
were due to lack of experience and<br />
technical expertise,
so in November 1885<br />
he travelled to Antwerp and later<br />
Paris to learn and develop his<br />
skills.<br />
A squarish painting of green<br />
winding olive trees; with rolling<br />
blue hills in the background and<br />
white clouds in the<br />
blue sky above.<br />
Olive Trees with the Alpilles in the<br />
Background, 1889. Museum of<br />
Modern <strong>Art</strong>, New York<br />
Theo criticised The Potato Eaters<br />
for its dark palette, which he<br />
thought unsuitable for a modern<br />
style.During Van Gogh's stay in<br />
Paris between 1886 and 1887, he<br />
tried to master a new, lighter<br />
palette. His Portrait<br />
of Père Tanguy (1887) shows his<br />
success with the brighter palette,<br />
and is evidence of an evolving<br />
personal style. Charles Blanc's<br />
treatise on colour interested him<br />
greatly, and led him to work with<br />
complementary colours.<br />
Van Gogh came to believe<br />
that the effect of colour went<br />
beyond the descriptive;<br />
he said that "colour expresses<br />
something in itself". According to<br />
Hughes,<br />
Van Gogh perceived colour as<br />
having a "psychological and moral<br />
weight", as exemplified in the<br />
garish reds and greens of The Night<br />
Cafe, a work he wanted to "express<br />
the terrible passions of<br />
humanity".Yellow meant the most<br />
to him, because it symbolised<br />
emotional truth. He used yellow as<br />
a symbol for sunlight, life, and God.<br />
Throughout his career Van Gogh<br />
strove to be a painter of rural life<br />
and nature,and during his first<br />
summer in Arles he used his new<br />
palette to paint landscapes and<br />
traditional rural life.His belief that a<br />
power existed behind the natural<br />
led him to try to capture a sense of<br />
that power, or the essence of<br />
nature in his art, sometimes<br />
through the use of symbols.His<br />
renditions of the sower, at first<br />
copied from Jean-François Millet,<br />
reflect Van Gogh's religious beliefs:<br />
the sower as Christ sowing life<br />
beneath the hot sun. These were<br />
themes and motifs he returned to<br />
often to rework and develop
His paintings of flowers are filled<br />
with symbolism, but rather than<br />
use traditional Christian<br />
iconography he made up his own,<br />
where life is lived under the sun<br />
and work is an allegory of life.In<br />
Arles, having gained confidence<br />
after painting spring blossoms<br />
and learning to capture bright<br />
sunlight, he was ready to paint<br />
The Sower.The juxtaposition of<br />
saturated complementary colours<br />
and the single figure in the<br />
landscape represent a unique and<br />
innovative style.<br />
A squarish painting of a closeup<br />
of two women with one<br />
holding an umbrella while the<br />
other woman holds flowers.<br />
Behind them is a young woman<br />
who is picking flowers in a large<br />
bed of wildflowers. They appear<br />
to be walking through a garden on<br />
a winding path at the edge of a<br />
river. Memory of the Garden at<br />
Etten (Ladies of Arles), 1888.<br />
Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg<br />
Van Gogh stayed within what he<br />
called the "guise of reality", and<br />
was critical of overly stylised<br />
works. He wrote afterwards that<br />
the abstraction of Starry Night had<br />
gone too far and that reality<br />
had "receded too far in the<br />
background".Hughes describes it as<br />
a moment of extreme visionary<br />
ecstasy: the stars are in a great<br />
whirl, reminiscent of Hokusai's<br />
Great Wave, the movement in the<br />
heaven above is reflected by the<br />
movement of the cypress on the<br />
earth below, and the painter's<br />
vision is "translated into a thick,<br />
emphatic plasma of paint."<br />
Between 1885 and his death in<br />
1890, Van Gogh appears to have<br />
been building an oeuvre,a<br />
collection that reflected his<br />
personal vision, and could be<br />
commercially successful. He was<br />
influenced by Blanc's definition of<br />
style, that a true painting required<br />
optimal use of colour, perspective<br />
and brushstrokes. Van Gogh<br />
applied the word "purposeful" to<br />
paintings he thought he had<br />
mastered, as opposed to those he<br />
thought of as studies.He painted<br />
many series of studies; most of<br />
which were still lifes, many<br />
executed as colour experiments or<br />
as gifts to friends.The work in Arles<br />
contributed considerably to his<br />
oeuvre: those he thought the most<br />
important from that time were The<br />
Sower
Night Cafe, Memory of the Garden The style Van Gogh found was<br />
in Etten and Starry Night. With their revolutionary "in the very look of<br />
broad brushstrokes, inventive his pictures, their coarseness and<br />
perspectives, colours, contours and deliberately unfinished quality,<br />
designs, these paintings represent [and] the vigor with which they<br />
the style he sought. He considered were painted."His art, with its<br />
The Bedroom his best work of that emphasis on the common people<br />
period, because of the inventive and a wish for a better world,<br />
use of perspective, combined with presages the 20th century and<br />
Impressionist techniques. modernism.
Mashhad<br />
Isfahan<br />
13
14
Iran Darroudi<br />
15
Iran Darroudi born <strong>September</strong> 2,<br />
1936 in Mashhad is a<br />
contemporary Iranian artist, living<br />
between Tehran and Paris.Her<br />
art consists of surreal paintings<br />
dealing with Iranian themed<br />
imagery and strong lighting.<br />
Early life<br />
Born in Mashhad, Iran to a family<br />
consisting of traders from<br />
Khorasan on her fathers side and<br />
on her mothers side the family<br />
was Caucasian merchants who<br />
had settled in Mashhad.Her<br />
family moved to Hamburg,<br />
Germany for her fathers<br />
business in 1937 and by the early<br />
1940s they were forced to leave<br />
because of the beginnings of<br />
World War II. By 1945 her family<br />
returned to Mashhad.<br />
Darroudi studied at<br />
Ecole Superier des Beaux-<strong>Art</strong>s in<br />
Paris, history of art at the École du<br />
Louvre in Paris, stained glass at the<br />
Royal Academy of Brussels,and<br />
television direction and production<br />
at the RCA Institute in New York.<br />
Career<br />
Darroudi's first solo exhibition was<br />
held in Miami in 1958 at the<br />
invitation of the Florida State <strong>Art</strong><br />
Center.<br />
She wrote articles on the history of<br />
art and art criticism for the<br />
conservative Iranian newspaper,<br />
Kayhan.<br />
In 1966 in New York, she met and<br />
married Parviz Moghaddasi, who<br />
was studying television direction.<br />
The couple worked at the newly<br />
established Iranian television<br />
organization as producer and<br />
director for six years.<br />
In 1968 she made 55 minute long<br />
documentary about the 1968<br />
Venice Biennial. She was appointed<br />
as an honorary professor at the<br />
Industrial University of Tehran,<br />
teaching art history. In 1969 the ITT<br />
Corporation commissioned her to<br />
paint Iranian Oil. She held<br />
successful exhibitions in Paris and<br />
at the Atrium <strong>Art</strong>ist Gallery,<br />
Geneva, and a month later at<br />
Galarie 21, Zurich.<br />
.
In 1976 she exhibited at the<br />
Mexican Museum of <strong>Art</strong>, where<br />
Antonio Rodriquez praised her as<br />
one of the world's four greatest<br />
painters.In 1978 she moved to<br />
France<br />
Her husband died in 1985 and her<br />
first artwork after his death was<br />
Assumption of Parviz<br />
solo exhibitions<br />
2008 - Tehran Museum of<br />
Contemporary <strong>Art</strong><br />
1999 - L.A. University, Los Angeles<br />
1999 - Virginia Tech University,<br />
Blacksburg, Virginia<br />
1994 - United Nations, New York<br />
1975 - La Galleria Gallery, Mexico<br />
1960 - Farhang Hall, Iran<br />
1958 - Miami Beach <strong>Art</strong> Center,<br />
Miami, Florida<br />
broadcast on American television.<br />
In 1997, her autobiography, In the<br />
Distance Between Two Points, was<br />
published.<br />
In 2009 a documentary Iran<br />
Darroudi: The Painter of Ethereal<br />
Moments produced by Bahman<br />
Maghsoudlou, focused on the life<br />
and art of Darroundi<br />
Bibliography<br />
In 1974 a film on Darroudi's life<br />
directed by Victor Stoloff was
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Promoted on The<strong>Art</strong>List.com's Facebook page to thousands of artists and art<br />
enthusiasts.<br />
$50 Gift Certificate to Jerrys<strong>Art</strong>arama.com<br />
NOTE - winner is selected by The<strong>Art</strong>List.com Editors, NOT the highest number of<br />
votes.<br />
Viewers Choice - selected by Facebook users voting. Highest # of Votes Wins!<br />
Promoted on The<strong>Art</strong>List.com's Facebook page to thousands of artists and art<br />
enthusiasts.<br />
$25 Gift Certificate to Jerrys<strong>Art</strong>arama.com<br />
The Deadline to submit is <strong>September</strong> 28, <strong>2016</strong> and it is FREE to enter.<br />
IMPORTANT: We will be selecting the winners on <strong>September</strong> 29th. If you are<br />
selected as the Grand Prize winner, we will email you an interview survey to be<br />
filled out for your October AOM page. This will need to be completed by<br />
18<br />
<strong>September</strong> 30, <strong>2016</strong>. http://woobox.com/6wfbmw
19
Jamshid Mashayekhi born 26 November 1934 is an Iranian actor in<br />
Iranian cinema.<br />
Mashayekhi began professional acting on stage in 1957. His first feature<br />
film role was Brick and Mirror (1965, Ebrahim Golestan). After a fouryear<br />
break, he acted in The Cow (1969, Darius Mehrjui) and Kaiser<br />
(Qeysar) (1969, Masoud Kimiai). Mashayekhi commonly appears as an<br />
elderly grandfather because of his white hair and charismatic face and<br />
figure. He received a best performance award for The Grandfather<br />
(1985, Majid Gharizadeh) from the First Festival of Non-aligned<br />
Countries in North Korea.<br />
Selected filmography<br />
Adobe and Mirror (1964)<br />
Kaiser (Qeysar, 1969)<br />
The Cow (Gaav, 1969)<br />
The Curse, 1973<br />
Prince Ehtedjab, 1974<br />
Brefts of Hope, 1977<br />
Hezar Dastan, (1978-1987, TV series)<br />
Kamalolmolk, 1983<br />
The Lead, 1988<br />
Honeymoon, 1992<br />
The Fateful Day, 1994<br />
Khane'i Rooy-e Āb (A House Built on Water), directed by Bahman<br />
Farmān'ārā, 2001<br />
Rising (Tolooa, 2001) directed by Hossein Shahabi<br />
Abadan, 2003<br />
Pol-e Siz'da'hom (The Thirteenth Bridge), directed by Farhad Gharib,<br />
2005<br />
Yek Bus-e Ku'chu'lu (A Teensy Kiss), directed by Bahman Farmān'ārā,<br />
2005
22
Tehran 23
http://www.aziz-anzabi.com