Helmut Gernsheim & Alison Gernsheim, The History of Photography: From the Camera Obscura to the Beginning of the Modern Era

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The History of PHOTOGRAPHY from the camera obscura to the beginning of the modern era CONFINEO HELMUT GERNSHEIM TO LIB&A&7 in collaboration with ALISON GERNSHEIM with 390 photographs and engravings -Iii.TI! Al'lD TECHNOl..OOY LI l:UIA• lUNCi'S l Y NN.. T&H THAMES AND HUDSON · LONDON
Page 1: llllf NORFOLK COLLEGE LIBRARY JRllJ
Page 6 and 7: In honour and loving memory of ALIS
Page 8 and 9: 6 Contents 6 The daguerreotype Dagu
Page 10 and 11: 8 Contents 21 Instantaneous photogr
Page 12 and 13: IO Contents Under-water photography
Page 14 and 15: 12 Foreword Many of the ex 1 stmg c
Page 16 and 17: 14 Introduction effects, for which
Page 19 and 20: 1 The history of the camera obscura
Page 21 and 22: The history of the camera obscura 1
Page 33 and 34: Photochemical investigations 3 l Th
Page 35 and 36: Photochemical investigations 3 3 en
Page 37 and 38: 3 Phantoms of photography TIPHAIGNE
Page 39 and 40: 4 The first conception of photograp
Page 41 and 42: The first conception of photography
Page 43 and 44: The first conception of photography
Page 45 and 46: Plates 1-16
Page 47 and 48: 1 CEMMA-1 ms1us. First published il
Page 49 and 50: lfll'-••• ,I !""--.·11 ft ..
Page 51 and 52: l), i 7 JOHANN ZAHN. Reflex box cam
Page 53 and 54: \
Page 55:
Part II ' THE IN VENTIO N OF PHOTOG
Page 58 and 59:
56 The invention of photography and
Page 60 and 61:
58 The invention of photography Pl
Page 62 and 63:
Page 64 and 65:
62 The invention of photography Nie
Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70 and 71:
68 The invention of photography P .
Page 72 and 73:
70 The invention of photography RAP
Page 74 and 75:
72 The invention of photography con
Page 76 and 77:
74 The invention of photography Fig
Page 78 and 79:
76 The invention of photography fix
Page 80 and 81:
78 The invention of photography spo
Page 82 and 83:
80 The invention of photography Fig
Page 84 and 85:
82 The invention of photography Tal
Page 86 and 87:
8 Direct positives on paper Pl 40 H
Page 88 and 89:
86 The invention of photography It
Page 90 and 91:
9 Other independent inventors Fig 9
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94 and 95:
92 The invention of photography Rea
Page 96 and 97:
94 The invention of photography Deu
Page 98 and 99:
96 The invention of photography I2
Page 100 and 101:
98 The invention of photography cou
Page 103 and 104:
17 NicEPHORE NIEPCE. Pencil and was
Page 105 and 106:
"1- t ... .f"' · . ·, "i._. ' )<
Page 108 and 109:
- -- r 29 'Daguerreotypomanie', car
Page 111 and 112:
L Vc&-w · ( ,;.,,/£ $
Page 114 and 115:
42 SIR J. F. w. HERSCHEL, photograp
Page 117 and 118:
1 o The daguerreotype in France In
Page 119 and 120:
The daguerreotype in France 117 FRA
Page 121 and 122:
The daguerreotype in France 119 The
Page 123 and 124:
The daguerreotype in America 121 wi
Page 125 and 126:
The daguerreotype in America 123 -:
Page 127 and 128:
The daguerreotype in America 125 Fi
Page 129 and 130:
The daguerreotype in America I27 th
Page 131 and 132:
The daguerreotype in America I 29 T
Page 133 and 134:
The daguerreotype in Great Britain
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
13 The daguerreotype in German-spea
Page 159 and 160:
The daguerreotype in German-speakin
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
The calotype and other paper proces
Page 167 and 168:
The ca lo type and other paper proc
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
15 The progress of photography on p
Page 189 and 190:
The progress of photography on pape
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
The introduction of photography on
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209:
Plates 43-96
Page 213 and 214:
46 FRIEDRICH VON MARTENS. Panoramic
Page 215:
52 RICHARD BEARD. Portrait of a lad
Page 218 and 219:
60 Voigtlander metal daguerreotype
Page 220:
67 DR JOHN ADAMSON. Negative and po
Page 223:
75 srn JOHN HERSCHEL. Cyanotype of
Page 227:
- · 84 Unknown calotypist. Zeughau
Page 230 and 231:
94 HIPPOL YTE BA y ARD · G arden s
Page 232 and 233:
•
Page 234 and 235:
232 The collodion period daguerreot
Page 236 and 237:
18 Portrait photography-a new indus
Page 238 and 239:
236 The collodion period Portrait p
Page 240 and 241:
23 8 The collodion period LIKENESSE
Page 242 and 243:
240 The collodion period ART ·PROG
Page 244 and 245:
242 The collodion period The cost o
Page 246 and 247:
244 The collodion period J. LAI N G
Page 248 and 249:
246 The collodion period Pl 104 OSC
Page 250 and 251:
248 The collodion period dictum tha
Page 252 and 253:
250 The collodion period Pl 112 as
Page 254 and 255:
252 The collodion period The proces
Page 256 and 257:
254 The collodion period v x· Fig
Page 258 and 259:
256 The collodion period normal dis
Page 260 and 261:
2 5 8 The collodion period Pis 124,
Page 262 and 263:
260 The collodion period With scien
Page 264 and 265:
262 The collodion period square, bu
Page 266 and 267:
264 The collodion period Pl r 29 J>
Page 268 and 269:
22 News photography Many people are
Page 270 and 271:
268 The collodion period Pl I39 Pl
Page 272 and 273:
270 The collodion period bareness o
Page 274 and 275:
272 The collodion period Pl 144 Gar
Page 276 and 277:
274 The collodion period by the Pru
Page 278 and 279:
276 The collodion period Fig 36 Tra
Page 280 and 281:
278 The collodion period Fig 3
Page 282 and 283:
280 The collodion period different
Page 284 and 285:
282 The collodion period publicatio
Page 286 and 287:
284 The collodion period Pl r 62 Pl
Page 288 and 289:
286 The collodion period despaired
Page 290 and 291:
288 The collodion period Pl 1 68 Pl
Page 292 and 293:
290 The collodion period Pl 174 MOU
Page 294 and 295:
292 The collodion period always bro
Page 296 and 297:
294 The collodion period direct in
Page 298 and 299:
296 The collodion period Pl r84 Pl
Page 300 and 301:
298 The collodion period profession
Page 302 and 303:
300 The collodion period Pl 185 bro
Page 304 and 305:
302 The collodion period Pl 190 Pl
Page 306 and 307:
25 Some famous portrait photographe
Page 308 and 309:
306 The collodion period light acco
Page 310 and 311:
308 The collodion period ahead of t
Page 312 and 313:
31 o The collodion period excellenc
Page 314 and 315:
3 12 The collodion period Fig 43 Wo
Page 316 and 317:
3 14 The collodion period A. A shee
Page 318 and 319:
316 The collodion period portraits
Page 320 and 321:
318 The collodion period A few mont
Page 322 and 323:
320 The collodion period Fig 47 Pig
Page 324 and 325:
2 7 The evolution of dry plat es A
Page 326 and 327:
324 The collodion period 3. Coverin
Page 328 and 329:
326 The collodion period he went to
Page 330 and 331:
3 28 The collodion period wet collo
Page 332 and 333:
3 30 The collodion period R. KENNET
Page 334 and 335:
3 32 The collodion period The chang
Page 336 and 337:
334 The collodion period i.e. repro
Page 338 and 339:
3 36 The collodion period FOUNDED A
Page 340 and 341:
338 The collodion period first publ
Page 342 and 343:
340 The collodion period Annan. Thr
Page 344 and 345:
342 The collodion period called Sta
Page 346 and 347:
344 The collodion period coating be
Page 349 and 350:
Plates 97-218
Page 351 and 352:
97 Unknown photographer. Coloured a
Page 354 and 355:
107 H. P. ROBINSON, photograph by h
Page 356:
I I I WILLIAM LAKE PRICE. Dead game
Page 359 and 360:
· · . 124 Unknown photographer.
Page 362:
130 G. w. WILSON. Waiting for the b
Page 366:
137 ROGER FENTON ' s photographic v
Page 370 and 371:
147 ALEXANDER GARDNER. The executio
Page 372 and 373:
153 HENRY WHITE. A cornfield, 1856
Page 374:
57 ROBERT MACPHERSON. Cascades at T
Page 378:
163 CARLO PONTI. Courtyard of the D
Page 382 and 383:
179 DISDERJ. The French Imperial fa
Page 384:
!esJbh• 1s m);!Albu:m, iut !tarn
Page 387 and 388:
192 THOMAS ANNAN. David Livingstone
Page 390 and 391:
200 NA DAR. 'George Sand'. Carbon p
Page 393 and 394:
202 ETIENNE CARJA T. Baudelaire. Ca
Page 395 and 396:
2ro o. G. REJLANDER. Lewis Carroll
Page 397:
Part V THE GELATINE PERIOD
Page 400 and 401:
400 The gelatine period and in the
Page 402 and 403:
402 The gelatine period Pl 219 year
Page 404 and 405:
404 The gelatine period that has ta
Page 406 and 407:
406 The gelatine period application
Page 408 and 409:
408 The gelatine period / in I886.
Page 410 and 411:
3 1 Hand, pocket, and detective cam
Page 412 and 413:
412 The gelatine period PATENT GELA
Page 414 and 415:
41 4 The gelatine period F1·1 1. l
Page 416 and 417:
4i6 The gelatine period Fig 58 POCK
Page 418 and 419:
418 The gelatine period Pis 223, 22
Page 420 and 421:
420 The gelatine period Enough has
Page 422 and 423:
32 Push-button photography The year
Page 424 and 425:
424 The gelatine period Fig 62 one
Page 426 and 427:
33 Photography by artificial light
Page 428 and 429:
428 The gelatine period Pl 230 Pl 2
Page 430 and 431:
430 The gelatine period Pl 232 The
Page 432 and 433:
432 The gelatine period to be twice
Page 434 and 435:
434 The gelatine period great popul
Page 436 and 437:
436 The gelatine period Pl 240 whic
Page 438 and 439:
43 8 The gelatine period apparatus
Page 440 and 441:
440 The gelatine period Pls 242, 24
Page 442 and 443:
442 The gelatine period removed in
Page 444 and 445:
444 The gelatine period circumferen
Page 446 and 447:
446 The gelatine period Massachuset
Page 448 and 449:
448 The gelatine period A similar i
Page 450 and 451:
450 The gelatine period EUGENE ATGE
Page 452 and 453:
36 Press photograp hy There was no
Page 454 and 455:
454 The gelatine period Pl 272 East
Page 456 and 457:
3 7 Naturalistic photography In cha
Page 458 and 459:
458 The gelatine period Soft focus,
Page 460 and 461:
460 The gelatine period EPITAPH. Jn
Page 462 and 463:
462 The gelatine period Horsley Hin
Page 464 and 465:
464 The gelatine period During the
Page 466 and 467:
466 The gelatine period It is stran
Page 468 and 469:
468 The gelatine period artistic me
Page 470 and 471:
4 70 The gelatine period scores of
Page 473 and 474:
219 G. w. WILSON ' S printing works
Page 475 and 476:
228 Demonstration of magnesium ligh
Page 478:
235 VICTOR ANGERER. The Prater, Vie
Page 481:
244 E. J. MAREY's arrangement for c
Page 485 and 486:
255 JOHN THOMSON. Old woman with ba
Page 489 and 490:
261 ARNOLD GENTHE. Emergency feedin
Page 492 and 493:
5 6!'.PTSMIUU:: 1886 PRIX ! f5 CEN7
Page 494:
27) G. w. WILSON. Operation by Sir
Page 497:
282 B. GAY WILKINSON. Sand dunes. P
Page 500 and 501:
29 l M. BUCQUET. 'Effet de Pluie',
Page 502:
299 HEINRICH KUHN. Venice. Gum prin
Page 505:
Part VI SOME APPL I CA TIO NS OF PH
Page 508 and 509:
508 Some applications of photograph
Page 510 and 511:
5 IO Some applications of photograp
Page 512 and 513:
512 Some app lications of photograp
Page 514 and 515:
4 1 Photography of criminals1 ' "Si
Page 516 and 517:
516 Some applications of photograph
Page 518 and 519:
5 I 8 Some applications of photogra
Page 521 and 522:
4 3 The evolution of colour photogr
Page 523 and 524:
The evolution of colour photography
Page 525:
The evolution of colour photography
Page 528 and 529:
· ··".!..
Page 530:
3 I I HONORE DAUMIER. 'Nadar elevan
Page 533 and 534:
3 I 4 An unwilling sitter for a pol
Page 535 and 536:
321 E. & J. BULLOCK. Woodland scene
Page 537:
Part VIII PHOTOGRAPHY AND THE PRINT
Page 540 and 541:
540 Photography and the printed pag
Page 542 and 543:
Page 544 and 545:
Page 546 and 547:
Page 548 and 549:
Page 550 and 551:
5 50 Photography and the printed pa
Page 552 and 553:
5 52 Photography and the printed pa
Page 554 and 555:
5 54 Conclusion most of the works o
Page 556 and 557:
556 The history of photography 24 A
Page 558 and 559:
558 The history of photography Part
Page 560 and 561:
560 The history of photography 8 Ib
Page 562 and 563:
562 The history of photography 16 F
Page 564 and 565:
564 The history of photography Verf
Page 566 and 567:
566 The history of photography 16 T
Page 568 and 569:
568 The history of photography 20 S
Page 570 and 571:
570 The history of photography 24 I
Page 572 and 573:
Page 574 and 575:
574 The history of photography 2 Th
Page 576 and 577:
Page 578 and 579:
578 The history of photography 40 U
Page 580 and 581:
Bibliography In addition to the num
Page 582 and 583:
Appendix EXPOSURE TIMES The table g
Page 584 and 585:
5 84 The history of photography Fir
Page 586 and 587:
586 The history of photography THE
Page 588 and 589:
588 The history of photography ANNU
Page 590 and 591:
590 Index Baudelaire, Charles 243,
Page 592 and 593:
592 Index Dictionary of National Bi
Page 594 and 595:
594 Index Hoegh, Emil van (1865-191
Page 596 and 597:
596 Index Neff, Peter 2J8 negative,
Page 598 and 599:
598 Index Science Museum, London 57
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Helmut Gernsheim & Alison Gernsheim, The History of Photography: From the Camera Obscura to the Beginning of the Modern Era

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