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2.2 Values- Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions Theory We have picked three aspects in the Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory. The theory mainly describes the values of a particular culture and how those values affect their behaviours. POWER DISTANCE Power distance refers to the extent of less powerful members in an organization perceive, expect and accept that the power is distributed unequally (Qian, & Li, 2015). Police tend to have a high level of power distance mainly due to the strict hierarchy. Police is a professional that highly emphasizes on rankings and status and people project different level of respect towards supervisors and colleagues. Besides, high level of obedience and discipline also contribute to the high level of power distance. 5
UNCERTAINTY AVOIDDANCE Uncertainty avoidance means to what extent the members are comfortable with changes and unknown situations (Dorfman, & Howell, 1988). Uncertainty avoidance among police officers is relatively low. The reason of that is because it is rather dangerous to be in uncertain situations where officers are not able to control. Therefore, officers receive large amount of training in better handling uncertain environments. Officers also need to follow protocols and rules to minimize the effects of uncertainties. COLLECTIVISM VS INDIVIDUALISM Collectivism values interdependence relationships, group cohesion and harmony (Lee, Beckert, & Goodrich, 2010). Police department acts as a government body and officers are members of the group. Officers tend to value collectivism rather that individualism because they are representing the department, therefore they need to maintain the harmony within group. The idea of collectivism is emphasized even at the beginning of the training. All the team members will be punished when an individual made a mistake. Individuals also need to seek acceptance from other members, so they are more likely to be collectivists. 6
Page 1 and 2: POLICE and PSYCHOLOGY LIU Cheuk Yik
Page 3 and 4: 1. Introduction of police Law is us
Page 5: SYMBOLS The outer layer is symbols
Page 9 and 10: 3. What influences the police? We a
Page 11 and 12: Deindividuation Deindividuation ref
Page 13 and 14: 1. Environmental Source For environ
Page 15 and 16: 3. Social Source Other than that, s
Page 17 and 18: Emotional reactions In terms of emo
Page 19 and 20: Example Below, we will illustrate t
Page 21 and 22: With the illustration using the abo
Page 23 and 24: 2. Police’s roots of prejudice So
Page 25 and 26: 4. Common prejudice against police
Page 27 and 28: 5. Citizens’ roots of prejudice t
Page 29 and 30: 3. Learn It is important to know th
Page 31 and 32: Kim, D., Pan, Y., & Park, H. S. (19

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