EDUCATION IN CHINA

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Introduction Beijing is the capital of China; it is also a national political and cultural centre. Not only does it host China’s central government, but all provinces also have their representative offices in Beijing. At the same time, many major enterprises and multinational companies keep their headquarters in Beijing. As mentioned earlier, Beijing is one of the four municipalities in the country. With a population of over 20 million, it is the second most populous city in China, surpassed only by Shanghai. Its economy ranks among the most developed and prosperous in China. Beijing is also the largest science and technology research centre in the country. In 2014, the city had over 726 000 science and technology professions, a figure which nearly doubled in the last ten years, as shown in Figure 3.1. Research and development expenditure in Beijing was nearly CNY 127 billion, accounting for nearly 6% of its GDP. There were 138 111 patent applications in 2014 and 74 661 granted patents throughout the year. FIGURE 3.1 PERSONNEL ENGAGED IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ACTIVITIES IN BEIJING (2005-2014) By number of persons By number of persons 800 000 600 000 400 000 200 000 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Source: Beijing Bureau of Statistics, 2015. Beijing is also known as the education centre of China. Citizens in Beijing have a higher education level than citizens in any other city in China. According to the Sixth National Population Census of China, nearly 31 500 people out of every million citizens have a bachelor’s degree or above. The illiteracy rate is less than 2%, while the national average is 4% (National Bureau of Statistics of China, 2011). Beijing is home to an extensive number of colleges and universities, hosting several universities with international reputations, including Peking University and Tsinghua University. By the end of 2013, Beijing had 89 regular higher education institutions, while Shanghai, for example, had 68. INFLUENTIAL ROLE IN EDUCATION There is no doubt that Beijing plays an influential role in Chinese education. This is not only due to the prominence of the municipality’s higher education institutions, but also because of its high level of investment in primary and secondary education and the impact that this has on other important education indicators. For example, Beijing’s student-teacher ratio in both primary and secondary education is far lower than the national average. Its senior secondary education student-teacher ratio ranks first among China’s 31 provincial divisions (with Hong Kong and Macau excluded), as shown in Table 3.1. Beijing’s government appropriation for funds per school student, as well as its government appropriated budgetary funds for education per school student, put it first among all regions at all levels, as shown in Figure 3.2. 36 – EDUCATION IN CHINA: A SNAPSHOT © OECD 2016
Chapter 3 – Beijing TABLE 3.1 STUDENT-TEACHER RATIO RANKED BY TEACHER LEVEL Primary education Rank Junior secondary education Rank Senior secondary education Rank Beijing 14.36 9 9.75 3 9.00 1 Shanghai 15.92 13 12.11 14 9.45 2 Jiangsu 16.86 18 10.50 5 11.41 4 Guangzhou 18.47 26 14.63 27 15.23 17 National average 16.76 12.76 14.95 Source: National Bureau of Statistics of China, 2014. FIGURE 3.2 GOVERNMENT APPROPRIATED BUDGETARY FUNDS FOR EDUCATION PER STUDENT IN REGULAR PRIMARY SCHOOL, REGULAR JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL AND REGULAR SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL (2013) In CNY, per year National average Beijing Tianjin Hebei Shanxi Inner Mongolia Liaoning Jilin Heilongjiang Shanghai Jiangsu Zhejiang Anhui Fujian Jiangxi Shandong Henan Hubei Hunan Guangdong Guangxi Hainan Chongqing Sichuan Guizhou Yunnan Xizang (Tibet) Shaanxi Gansu Qinhai Ningxia Xinjiang Primary schools Junior secondary schools Senior secondary schools Per Capita Income of Urban and Rural residents by Region 2014 0 5 000 10 000 15 000 20 000 25 000 30 000 35 000 40 000 45 000 CNY Source: Ministry of Education, 2014. There are also many famous exemplary high schools in Beijing that hold key positions of prestige in the whole country’s teaching and learning systems. The high school affiliated to Renmin University is one of the most famous super high schools in the country. It serves as a prestigious training institution for high school teachers, and even headmasters. In 2015, the National Training Plan for Headmasters chose it as one of its training bases – the only high school included in a plan that is dominated by higher education institutions. EDUCATION IN CHINA: A SNAPSHOT © OECD 2016 – 37
Page 1 and 2: EDUCATION IN CHINA A Snapshot
Page 3: Education in China A SNAPSHOT
Page 6 and 7: Table of contents Chapter 1 ORGANIS
Page 8 and 9: Tables Table 1.1 The content of qua
Page 10 and 11: Introduction The People’s Republi
Page 12 and 13: Chapter 1 - Organisation and manage
Page 29 and 30: Chapter 2 Educational reforms and c
Page 31 and 32: Chapter 2 - Educational reforms and
Page 37: Chapter 3 Beijing EDUCATION IN CHIN
Page 41 and 42: Chapter 3 - Beijing Overcoming ineq
Page 43 and 44: Chapter 4 Shanghai EDUCATION IN CHI
Page 45 and 46: Chapter 4 - Shanghai flexibility fo
Page 47 and 48: Chapter 5 Jiangsu EDUCATION IN CHIN
Page 49 and 50: Chapter 5 - Jiangsu two thousand sc
Page 51: Chapter 5 - Jiangsu children of mig
Page 54 and 55: Introduction Guangdong is located i
Page 56 and 57: Chapter 6 - Guangdong Spurring educ
Page 59 and 60: Annexes Annex A Annex B THE RESPONS
Page 61 and 62: and the administration of records o
Page 63 and 64: 9) DEPARTMENT OF VOCATIONAL AND ADU
Page 65: The OECD is a unique forum where go

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