EDUCATION IN CHINA

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Chapter 6 – Guangdong Spurring education development in Shenzhen SHENZHEN SPECIAL DISTRICT Shenzhen gives observers a window into the reform and opening up of China. Shenzhen has experienced a rapid transformation from a fishing-town to an international city in recent decades. Situated immediately north of Hong Kong, Shenzhen became the first and the most successful special economic zone in China. It currently also holds sub-provincial administrative status, and has slightly less power than a province. As stated earlier, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen are the four major cities in China. CATCHING UP WITH HONG KONG IN ECONOMIC GROWTH AND EDUCATION Shenzhen is a major financial centre in southern China. The city is home to the Shenzhen Stock Exchange as well as the headquarters of numerous high-tech companies. It was dubbed China’s Silicon Valley due to this high concentration of technology companies. It is the picture of a modern city, with a gleaming, tower-filled skyline. Thus it is hard to imagine that before 1979, Shenzhen was a fish market town. The fast development of the city is the result of a vibrant economy made possible by rapid foreign investment that began with reform and opening policies and the establishment of the special economic zone. TABLE 6.1 BASIC STATISTICS FOR SHENZHEN AND HONG KONG City name Area (km 2 ) Population (2014 in million) GDP (2014 in billion US dollars) GDP per capita (2014 in US dollars) GDP increasing rate (2014) Shenzhen 1 997 10.8 257.8 24 336 8.8% Hong Kong 1 104 7.3 289.2 39 900 5.5% (or 2.5%) Source: Census and Statistics Department of Hong Kong, China 2015; Shenzhen Bureau of Statistics, 2015. Currently, Shenzhen continues to develop at a brisk rate, despite the fact that development in the rest of the country slowed down of late. Hot Spots, an Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) research programme commissioned by Citigroup, ranked Shenzhen as second in economic strength among the 120 the world’s major cities (EIU, 2012). As shown in Table 6.1, Shenzhen is catching up with the city of Hong Kong, in terms of economies experiencing rapid growth. Because living expenses are lower in Shenzhen, the two cities are competitive. In 2015, for the first time in a decade, the city of Hong Kong has been unseated as the most competitive city in China in the China Blue Book on Urban Competitiveness, according to the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (2015), which placed Shenzhen in the top spot. first city to get the Certificate of Equitable Development in Compulsory Education. Many famous universities have graduate schools or research centres in Shenzhen. The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, was founded on 11 October 2012 and approved by the Ministry of Education of China on 16 April 2014 (Education News, 2014). The Chinese University of Hong Kong chose Shenzhen for the location of its first campus outside Hong Kong for two reasons: 1) Shenzhen needed to improve its competitiveness in post-secondary education; and 2) Shenzhen is the neighbour of Hong Kong, which makes it easier for the new campus to share resources with the main campus in Sha Tin, Hong Kong. Shenzhen has also developed its education system, especially its higher education system. Shenzhen is the 54 – EDUCATION IN CHINA: A SNAPSHOT © OECD 2016
Chapter 6 – Guangdong References Census and Statistics Department of Hong Kong (2015). “Hong Kong in figures (Latest figures)”, http://www.censtatd.gov. hk/hkstat/hkif/index.jsp. Education News (2014). “ 香港中文大学 ( 深圳 ) 获批 ”[Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen is officially approved], www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xwfb/s5147/201404/t20140429_167747.html (accessed 9 November 2016). EIU (2012), Hotspots: Benchmarking Global City Competitiveness, The Economist Intelligence Unit, http://www.citigroup.com/ citi/citiforcities/pdfs/eiu_hotspots_2012.pdf. Lulu, Z. (2015), “Guangdong FTZ to deepen educational cooperation”, China.org.cn, 5 March 2015, http://www.china.org.cn/ china/2015-03/05/content_35009234.htm. Ni, P. (2015), Blue Book of Urban Competitiveness: Annual Report on China’s Urban Competitiveness No 12, Social Sciences Academic Press, Beijing. Shenzhen Bureau of Statistics (2015), Shenzhen Statistical Yearbook, http://www.sztj.gov.cn/nj2014/indexce.htm. Xinhua News Agency (2015a). “ 广东住房城乡建设年度报告首度出炉 , 粤城镇化率居首 ” [The annual report of Guangdong urban and rural housing construction for the first time released, Guangdong urbanization rate topped], http://news. xinhuanet.com/house/sz/2015-01-06/c_1113887240.htm (accessed 9 November 2016). Xinhua News Agency (2015b). “ 港珠澳大桥力争 2016 年完工 ”, [The Hong Kong Zhuhai Macau Bridge to be completed in 2016], http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2014-09/25/content_2755900.htm (accessed 15 September 2015). EDUCATION IN CHINA: A SNAPSHOT © OECD 2016 – 55
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EDUCATION IN CHINA A Snapshot
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Education in China A SNAPSHOT
Page 6 and 7: Table of contents Chapter 1 ORGANIS
Page 8 and 9: Tables Table 1.1 The content of qua
Page 10 and 11: Introduction The People’s Republi
Page 12 and 13: Chapter 1 - Organisation and manage
Page 29 and 30: Chapter 2 Educational reforms and c
Page 31 and 32: Chapter 2 - Educational reforms and
Page 37 and 38: Chapter 3 Beijing EDUCATION IN CHIN
Page 39 and 40: Chapter 3 - Beijing TABLE 3.1 STUDE
Page 41 and 42: Chapter 3 - Beijing Overcoming ineq
Page 43 and 44: Chapter 4 Shanghai EDUCATION IN CHI
Page 45 and 46: Chapter 4 - Shanghai flexibility fo
Page 47 and 48: Chapter 5 Jiangsu EDUCATION IN CHIN
Page 49 and 50: Chapter 5 - Jiangsu two thousand sc
Page 51: Chapter 5 - Jiangsu children of mig
Page 54 and 55: Introduction Guangdong is located i
Page 59 and 60: Annexes Annex A Annex B THE RESPONS
Page 61 and 62: and the administration of records o
Page 63 and 64: 9) DEPARTMENT OF VOCATIONAL AND ADU
Page 65: The OECD is a unique forum where go
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