FUNDAMENTAL FACTS ABOUT MENTAL HEALTH 2016

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Men % 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 Women 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75+ Positive bipolar disorder screen Figure 1d: APMS positive bipolar disorder screen by age and sex Marwaha, S., Sal, N., & Bebbington, P. (<strong>2016</strong>). Chapter 9: Bipolar disorder. In S. McManus, P. Bebbington, R. Jenkins, & T. Brugha (Eds.), Mental health and wellbeing in England: Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2014. Leeds: NHS Digital. Autism spectrum disorder • Based on data collected from the APMS in 2007 and 2014, it is estimated that 0.8% of adults have autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Men are estimated to have higher rates of ASD (1.5%) than women (0.25%). No clear differences were found in the levels of ASD by ethnicity or age; however, this is considered to be due to the low sample size within the surveys. 56 • Adults with ASD were found to have lower levels of education, with higher rates of ASD being recorded in those with no qualifications (1.5%) compared to those with degree-level qualifications (0.2%). 57 Personality disorders • For those aged 16 and older, over 1 in 10 (13.7%) screened positively for any personality disorder, with similar rates found for both men and women. In adults aged 18–64, 3.3% screened positively for antisocial personality disorder (4.9% in men and 1.8% in women) and 2.4% of 16–64 year olds screened positively for borderline personality disorder (similar rates were found between genders). 58 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder • In the 2014 APMS, 1 in 10 (9.7%) adults screened positively for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This was similar 20
for both men (10.0%) and women (9.5%). Rates of ADHD in adults appear to have risen from the 8.2% recorded in the 2007 APMS results. 59 • The rates of ADHD appear to decrease with age, with the highest rates of ADHD recorded in those aged 16–24 (14.6%). 60 • Employment status was found to be strongly associated with ADHD levels, with levels of ADHD found to be twice as high in those who were unemployed (14.6% for unemployed men and 14.5% for unemployed women) than those who are employed (7.3% of employed men and 6.7% for employed women). These rates were higher in those who were economically inactive, with one in four men and one in seven women who were economically inactive screening positively for ADHD (see Figure 1e). 61 The term ‘unemployed’ refers to those who have been out of work for the past four weeks, but are available to return to work within two weeks, while ‘economically inactive’ also includes students, those looking after the home, the long-term sick or disabled, and retirees. • One in three people receiving Employment and Support Allowance (ESA) screened positively for ADHD compared to one in eleven who did not receive out-of-work benefits. 62 • One in three adults (32.2%) who screened positively for ADHD were receiving treatment (medication, counselling or therapy) for a mental health or emotional problem. 63 • Almost a quarter of individuals who screened positively for ADHD were receiving treatment for anxiety (23.8%) or depression (22.9%). 64 • In 2014, 7.8% of adults with a positive screening of ADHD reported that they had requested a particular mental health treatment in the past 12 months but had not received the requested treatment. 65 Men Women % 25 20 15 10 5 0 Employed Unemployed Economically inactive Employment status Figure 1e: APMS positive ADHD screen by employment status and sex Brugha, T., Asherson, P., Strydom, A., Morgan, Z., & Christie, S. (<strong>2016</strong>). Chapter 8: Attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. In S. McManus, P. Bebbington, R. Jenkins, & T. Brugha (Eds.), Mental health and wellbeing in England: Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2014. Leeds: NHS Digital. 21
Page 1 and 2: FUNDAMENTAL FACTS ABOUT MENTAL HEAL
Page 3 and 4: Contents Foreword5 Introduction to
Page 5 and 6: Foreword This year’s Fundamental
Page 7 and 8: Introduction to the 2016 edition of
Page 9 and 10: prevent mental health problems and
Page 11 and 12: Longitudinal study: This is when a
Page 13 and 14: 1. The extent of mental health prob
Page 15 and 16: Base: all adults Men Women % 10 9 8
Page 17 and 18: 1.2 What are the main types of ment
Page 19: Base: all adults Men Women % 1.2 1.
Page 23 and 24: • The number of suicides in North
Page 25 and 26: • The highest rates of self-harm
Page 27 and 28: 1.4 Challenging myths and stereotyp
Page 29 and 30: • In a 2011 report by the London
Page 31 and 32: Figure 2.1b: Mother and baby units
Page 33 and 34: How common are mental health proble
Page 35 and 36: -- 15% developed anti-social behavi
Page 37 and 38: • 64% of people with common menta
Page 39 and 40: • Pre-existing dementia is one of
Page 41 and 42: • In the UK National Survey carri
Page 43 and 44: • In the absence of any official
Page 45 and 46: 2.2.3 Disability 2.2.3.1 Learning d
Page 47 and 48: • People with chronic obstructive
Page 49 and 50: -- Lesbians, bisexual females and q
Page 51 and 52: 2.2.6 Domestic violence • In a st
Page 53 and 54: • A 2012 UK study included 452
Page 55 and 56: • Individuals with probable alcoh
Page 57 and 58: 3.3 Poverty and disadvantage A grow
Page 59 and 60: Men Women % 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5
Page 61 and 62: 3.4 Inequality as a determinant of
Page 63 and 64: 4. Prevention, treatment and care T
Page 65 and 66: 4.1.1 Interventions during childhoo
Page 67 and 68: 4.2 How many people seek help and u
Page 69 and 70: • Using combined data from the
Page 71 and 72:
4.3 Extent of treatment and care Th
Page 73 and 74:
4.4 Mental health legislation The M
Page 75 and 76:
• In England, CBT was the most co
Page 77 and 78:
Digital technologies • Technology
Page 79 and 80:
• Online mindfulness has been fou
Page 81 and 82:
Exercise Exercise has been proven t
Page 83 and 84:
5. The cost of mental health proble
Page 85 and 86:
Spending on the mental health workf
Page 87 and 88:
5.3 Mental health research costs Ac
Page 89 and 90:
References 1. WHO. (2014). Social D
Page 91 and 92:
72. ONS. (2016). Suicides in the Un
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133. Kessler, R.C., Berglund, P., D
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188. Age UK. (2016). Later life in
Page 97 and 98:
247. Public Health England. (2014).
Page 99 and 100:
307. Balmer, N.J., Pleasence, P., &
Page 101 and 102:
371. Gutman, L., Joshi, H., Parsona
Page 103 and 104:
421. Tchernegovski, P., Reupert, A.
Page 105 and 106:
485. Health and Social Care Informa
Page 107 and 108:
538. O’Neil, A., Quirk, S.E., Hou
Page 112:
mentalhealth.org.uk Good mental hea
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FUNDAMENTAL FACTS ABOUT MENTAL HEALTH 2016

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