FUNDAMENTAL FACTS ABOUT MENTAL HEALTH 2016

Recommendations

Info

2.2.7 Complex needs and multiple disadvantages • There is a huge overlap between the offender, substance misusing and homeless populations. For example, in any given year, two thirds of people using homeless services are either in the criminal justice system or in drug treatment services. 324 • The distribution varies widely across the country, and is heavily concentrated in northern cities, and some seaside towns and Central London boroughs. 325 • The combination of structural poverty with family stress appears to be associated with complex needs. 85% of adults within the complex needs group have experienced childhood trauma, including parental violence, addiction, abuse, neglect, starvation or mental health issues. 326 • A study found that the quality of life reported by people experiencing severe mental health problems is worse than that reported by many other low-income and vulnerable groups, particularly with regard to mental health and social isolation. 327 • It is estimated that, in England, there are 58,000 people who experience the multiple disadvantages of offending, substance misuse and homelessness; and 55% of these individuals have a diagnosed mental health problem. 328 2.2.7.1 Homelessness Homelessness is an increasing issue within the UK. Evidence shows that there is a considerable link between homelessness and mental health problems; however, this link is often overlooked. The following statistics aim to explore this link and describe the impact. • An ONS report published in 2011 reported that twice as many people in the UK compared to the EU cited mental health problems as a reason for being homeless (26% and 13% respectively). 329 • A census survey on 1,286 participants living in urban homelessness communities in the UK in 2011 found high levels of histories of neglect, abuse and traumatic experiences in childhood continuing into adult life. 330 • In 2014, 80% of homeless people in England reported that they had mental health issues, with 45% having been diagnosed with a mental health condition. 331 • Studies have reported a higher prevalence of mental health problems in the homeless population in comparison to the general population, including major depression, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Statistics suggest the prevalence of mental health conditions in this population to be at least 25–30% of the street homeless and those in direct access hostels. 332 52
• A 2012 UK study included 452 • Drawing on the findings from two surveys carried out in 2013–14 by Homeless Link with data from 250 English accommodation providers: –– 38% of people in accommodation projects needed additional support with at least one other issue –– 32% of people in projects had a mental health problem –– 32% of people in projects had drug problems –– 23% of people had had alcohol problems 333 Research from the USA estimates that two thirds of homeless people present with characteristics consistent with personality disorder, many of whom are thought to be undiagnosed. 334 In a Scottish study dating back to 2002, 70% of homeless people were found to have at least one diagnosable personality disorder and 40% two or more mental health problems. 335 In 2013–14, in Scotland, of those households accepted as homeless (e.g. hostels, B&Bs, squats, friends’/ family homes), 13% of persons living as ‘household homeless’ report having mental health problems and 12% report drug- or alcoholdependency issues. 336 • • • interviews with people who had experienced homelessness and other domains of deep social exclusion (e.g. institutional care, substance misuse and gang membership). The authors found that the majority of respondents had experienced a range of troubled childhoods influenced by school and/or family problems. Many also reported traumatic experiences such as sexual or physical abuse and neglect. 337 Women experience some risk factors for both mental illness and homelessness to a greater extent than men. Histories of physical and sexual violence as a child, and prior and subsequent to becoming homeless are common and more likely in women. Women were also more likely than men to give relationship breakdown and violence as a reason for becoming homeless than men. 338,339 According to a 2014 report, homeless women can be further experience sexual and domestic violence, separation from children, bereavement and relationship breakdowns. 340 Homelessness also has a considerable impact on children. Homelessness increases the risk of • • • preterm birth and low birth weight, while homeless infants experience significant development delays between 4 and 30 months, 341 which can negatively impact on their cognitive, behavioural and academic development. 342 53
Page 1 and 2: FUNDAMENTAL FACTS ABOUT MENTAL HEAL
Page 3 and 4: Contents Foreword5 Introduction to
Page 5 and 6: Foreword This year’s Fundamental
Page 7 and 8: Introduction to the 2016 edition of
Page 9 and 10: prevent mental health problems and
Page 11 and 12: Longitudinal study: This is when a
Page 13 and 14: 1. The extent of mental health prob
Page 15 and 16: Base: all adults Men Women % 10 9 8
Page 17 and 18: 1.2 What are the main types of ment
Page 19 and 20: Base: all adults Men Women % 1.2 1.
Page 21 and 22: for both men (10.0%) and women (9.5
Page 23 and 24: • The number of suicides in North
Page 25 and 26: • The highest rates of self-harm
Page 27 and 28: 1.4 Challenging myths and stereotyp
Page 29 and 30: • In a 2011 report by the London
Page 31 and 32: Figure 2.1b: Mother and baby units
Page 33 and 34: How common are mental health proble
Page 35 and 36: -- 15% developed anti-social behavi
Page 37 and 38: • 64% of people with common menta
Page 39 and 40: • Pre-existing dementia is one of
Page 41 and 42: • In the UK National Survey carri
Page 43 and 44: • In the absence of any official
Page 45 and 46: 2.2.3 Disability 2.2.3.1 Learning d
Page 47 and 48: • People with chronic obstructive
Page 49 and 50: -- Lesbians, bisexual females and q
Page 51: 2.2.6 Domestic violence • In a st
Page 55 and 56: • Individuals with probable alcoh
Page 57 and 58: 3.3 Poverty and disadvantage A grow
Page 59 and 60: Men Women % 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5
Page 61 and 62: 3.4 Inequality as a determinant of
Page 63 and 64: 4. Prevention, treatment and care T
Page 65 and 66: 4.1.1 Interventions during childhoo
Page 67 and 68: 4.2 How many people seek help and u
Page 69 and 70: • Using combined data from the
Page 71 and 72: 4.3 Extent of treatment and care Th
Page 73 and 74: 4.4 Mental health legislation The M
Page 75 and 76: • In England, CBT was the most co
Page 77 and 78: Digital technologies • Technology
Page 79 and 80: • Online mindfulness has been fou
Page 81 and 82: Exercise Exercise has been proven t
Page 83 and 84: 5. The cost of mental health proble
Page 85 and 86: Spending on the mental health workf
Page 87 and 88: 5.3 Mental health research costs Ac
Page 89 and 90: References 1. WHO. (2014). Social D
Page 91 and 92: 72. ONS. (2016). Suicides in the Un
Page 93 and 94: 133. Kessler, R.C., Berglund, P., D
Page 95 and 96: 188. Age UK. (2016). Later life in
Page 97 and 98: 247. Public Health England. (2014).
Page 99 and 100: 307. Balmer, N.J., Pleasence, P., &
Page 101 and 102: 371. Gutman, L., Joshi, H., Parsona
Page 103 and 104:
421. Tchernegovski, P., Reupert, A.
Page 105 and 106:
485. Health and Social Care Informa
Page 107 and 108:
538. O’Neil, A., Quirk, S.E., Hou
Page 112:
mentalhealth.org.uk Good mental hea
show all

FUNDAMENTAL FACTS ABOUT MENTAL HEALTH 2016

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?