FUNDAMENTAL FACTS ABOUT MENTAL HEALTH 2016

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The arts • Art therapy is a form of psychotherapy that uses a creative medium to aid people to explore and articulate their emotions and feelings. 541 Examples of art that can be used in this way can include the visual arts 542 and dance. 543 • Evidence suggests that music therapy, when combined with standard care, is effective for improving depression symptoms among working-age people. 544 • A systematic review conducted by Uttley et al. (2015) found that patients receiving art therapy for non-psychotic mental problems (such as depression, anxiety or trauma) had positive improvements in their mental health symptoms compared to the control group. 545 • A systematic review conducted in 2011 by the Mental Health Foundation revealed that participatory arts have a significant, positive impact on the wellbeing of older people. 546 • The benefits of music for those with dementia was evidenced in a 2014 study, which found that the effects of music go beyond the reduction of behavioural and psychological symptoms, and individual preference of music was preserved throughout the process of dementia in that individuals at all stages of dementia can access music. 547 82
5. The cost of mental health problems Mental health problems pose emotional and financial costs to individuals, their families and society as a whole. However, there is room to decrease this cost and the distress associated with mental health problems by investing in preventative approaches to tackle these issues. Globally, the financial burden of mental health problems is greatly disproportionate to the expenditure for treatment and prevention. In this section, we present direct and indirect costs associated with mental health problems, as well as the estimated savings that could be made through prevention and early intervention approaches. The statistics presented below mainly apply to England, with fewer references for Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales due to the limited data available in these areas. 5.1 Overall global and nationwide costs of mental health problems Global overview • According to a report published by WHO in 2011, untreated mental health problems account for 13% of the total global burden of disease. It is projected that, by 2030, mental health problems (particularly depression) will be the leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally. 548 According to WHO’s Atlas (2014), globally, governments are the most commonly cited source of funding for mental health services, with non-governmental and not-for-profit organisations coming second, followed by employers (through social health insurance) and household income (private insurance and out-of-pocket). 549 The UK • The 2013 Chief Medical Officer’s report estimated that the wider costs of mental health problems to the UK economy are £70–100 billion per year – 4.5% of gross domestic product (GDP). 550 However, estimating this figure is very complex and an earlier study carried out by Centre for Mental Health found that, taking into account reduced quality of life, the annual costs in England alone were £105.2 billion. 551 • Levels of poor mental health in Northern Ireland continue to be higher than elsewhere in the Republic of Ireland and the UK. The total cost of mental health problems in Northern Ireland is estimated at £3.5 billion, or 12% of Northern Ireland’s national income. 552 • The overall cost of mental health problems in Wales for 2007–08 was estimated at £7.2 billion a year, which is larger than the amount spent on health and social care costs for all other illnesses in the same year – a total of £6.1 billion. 553 The total cost of mental health problems in Scotland (including human cost, health and social care costs, and output losses from missed employment) for 2009–10 is estimated at £10.7 billion. 554 83
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FUNDAMENTAL FACTS ABOUT MENTAL HEAL
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Contents Foreword5 Introduction to
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Foreword This year’s Fundamental
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Introduction to the 2016 edition of
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prevent mental health problems and
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Longitudinal study: This is when a
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1. The extent of mental health prob
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Base: all adults Men Women % 10 9 8
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1.2 What are the main types of ment
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Base: all adults Men Women % 1.2 1.
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for both men (10.0%) and women (9.5
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• The number of suicides in North
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• The highest rates of self-harm
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1.4 Challenging myths and stereotyp
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• In a 2011 report by the London
Page 31 and 32: Figure 2.1b: Mother and baby units
Page 33 and 34: How common are mental health proble
Page 35 and 36: -- 15% developed anti-social behavi
Page 37 and 38: • 64% of people with common menta
Page 39 and 40: • Pre-existing dementia is one of
Page 41 and 42: • In the UK National Survey carri
Page 43 and 44: • In the absence of any official
Page 45 and 46: 2.2.3 Disability 2.2.3.1 Learning d
Page 47 and 48: • People with chronic obstructive
Page 49 and 50: -- Lesbians, bisexual females and q
Page 51 and 52: 2.2.6 Domestic violence • In a st
Page 53 and 54: • A 2012 UK study included 452
Page 55 and 56: • Individuals with probable alcoh
Page 57 and 58: 3.3 Poverty and disadvantage A grow
Page 59 and 60: Men Women % 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5
Page 61 and 62: 3.4 Inequality as a determinant of
Page 63 and 64: 4. Prevention, treatment and care T
Page 65 and 66: 4.1.1 Interventions during childhoo
Page 67 and 68: 4.2 How many people seek help and u
Page 69 and 70: • Using combined data from the
Page 71 and 72: 4.3 Extent of treatment and care Th
Page 73 and 74: 4.4 Mental health legislation The M
Page 75 and 76: • In England, CBT was the most co
Page 77 and 78: Digital technologies • Technology
Page 79 and 80: • Online mindfulness has been fou
Page 81: Exercise Exercise has been proven t
Page 85 and 86: Spending on the mental health workf
Page 87 and 88: 5.3 Mental health research costs Ac
Page 89 and 90: References 1. WHO. (2014). Social D
Page 91 and 92: 72. ONS. (2016). Suicides in the Un
Page 93 and 94: 133. Kessler, R.C., Berglund, P., D
Page 95 and 96: 188. Age UK. (2016). Later life in
Page 97 and 98: 247. Public Health England. (2014).
Page 99 and 100: 307. Balmer, N.J., Pleasence, P., &
Page 101 and 102: 371. Gutman, L., Joshi, H., Parsona
Page 103 and 104: 421. Tchernegovski, P., Reupert, A.
Page 105 and 106: 485. Health and Social Care Informa
Page 107 and 108: 538. O’Neil, A., Quirk, S.E., Hou
Page 112: mentalhealth.org.uk Good mental hea
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FUNDAMENTAL FACTS ABOUT MENTAL HEALTH 2016

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