FUNDAMENTAL FACTS ABOUT MENTAL HEALTH 2016

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The Mental Capacity Act (2005) The Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards were introduced in 2009 and are a part of the Mental Capacity Act (MCA). These are used to protect the rights of people who have been assessed as lacking the mental capacity to make certain decisions for themselves. The MCA provides a framework for the guidance of people who have to make decisions on behalf of someone else. 478 • The CQC has stated that, in 2013, approximately 2 million people in England and Wales may lack the capacity to make certain decisions for themselves at some point due to illness, injury or disability. 479 • From 2009 to 2014, the number of Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards applications had been consistently low. From 2011–14, the CQC had only received notifications for 37% of applications to supervisory bodies. 480 However, following the Supreme Court ruling in March 2014, which clarified the test for when people are deprived of their liberty, applications increased from 13,715 in March 2014 to 137,540 in March 2015 in England. 481 • Following the Supreme Court ruling in 2014, the number of applications for the Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards in Wales saw an increase from 631 in 2013–14 to 10,679 during April 2014–March 2015. 482 4.5 Treatment and care modalities This section highlights key approaches currently present in mental health service provision, as well as trends in the uptake and delivery of services. For further information on treatment and care, please see the NHS Choices website (http://www.nhs.uk/pages/home. aspx) or NICE guidelines (https://www. nice.org.uk/guidance). Improving Access to Psychological Therapies The IAPT programme was launched in 2008 with the aim of improving the quality and accessibility of mental health services in the UK by focusing on providing improved access to psychological treatments – primarily talking therapies (e.g. CBT, counselling and self-help support). IAPT pathways vary in each of the devolved nations. For instance, Scotland has set Local Delivery Plan Standards for NHS boards to increase access to psychological therapies. 483 • In March 2016, 118,989 referrals were received by IAPT in England, of which 53.5% were self-referrals. The average number of attended treatment sessions was 6.4. 484 • There were 51,000 referrals of 15–19 year olds to psychological therapies between 2013 and 2014 in England. 485 74
• In England, CBT was the most common form of talking therapy in the IAPT programme, accounting for 34% of the total appointments attended in 2014–15 (approximately 3.5 million appointments were attended). 486 • Following recommendations issued by NICE, there has been an increase in funding for psychological therapies through the IAPT programme. From 2011–15, there has been a £60-million investment in Children and Young People’s Improving Access to Psychological Therapies programmes from NHS England and the Children and Young People’s Mental Health and Wellbeing Taskforce, 487 and a £400-million investment in IAPT. 488 Additionally, NHS England plans to invest a further £10 million into IAPT in 2015–16, aiming to ensure that 75% of those referred to an IAPT service will be treated within six weeks of referral and 95% within 18 weeks. 489 Investments are also crucial to providing training to develop qualified therapists, and also to providing top-up training for existing therapists who deliver NICE-approved modalities for treating people with depression and anxiety. 490 • Between 2014 and 2015, IAPT services received 1.2 million referrals in England, of which 815,665 entered treatments. 491 This is an increase of 43% of referrals since 2012–13, and a 15% increase in the percentage of referrals that enter treatments. 492 • In January–March 2016, there were 362,000 referrals to the IAPT service in the UK; 73% of referrals received an assessment within 28 days. Of people who finished treatment, 46% were assessed as making a reliable recovery. 493 Reliable recovery is recorded when a person moves from above the clinical threshold to below the threshold following a course of psychological therapy. 494 • The number of persons moving to recovery through IAPT treatment has been on the increase. Over 285,000 people are reported to have reliably improved after finishing a course of treatment between 2014 and 2015 alone – a reliable improvement rate of 60.8% across England 495 and a slight increase from the 60% of 2013–14. 496 Data for IAPT referral rates, recovery rates and waiting times in 2015–16 were released in October 2016. • One study examining the cost of IAPT in England over the period 2009–10 calculated that the cost per recovered person ranged from £1,043 (low intensity) to £2,895 (high intensity). 497 75
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FUNDAMENTAL FACTS ABOUT MENTAL HEAL
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Contents Foreword5 Introduction to
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Foreword This year’s Fundamental
Page 7 and 8:
Introduction to the 2016 edition of
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prevent mental health problems and
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Longitudinal study: This is when a
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1. The extent of mental health prob
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Base: all adults Men Women % 10 9 8
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1.2 What are the main types of ment
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Base: all adults Men Women % 1.2 1.
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for both men (10.0%) and women (9.5
Page 23 and 24: • The number of suicides in North
Page 25 and 26: • The highest rates of self-harm
Page 27 and 28: 1.4 Challenging myths and stereotyp
Page 29 and 30: • In a 2011 report by the London
Page 31 and 32: Figure 2.1b: Mother and baby units
Page 33 and 34: How common are mental health proble
Page 35 and 36: -- 15% developed anti-social behavi
Page 37 and 38: • 64% of people with common menta
Page 39 and 40: • Pre-existing dementia is one of
Page 41 and 42: • In the UK National Survey carri
Page 43 and 44: • In the absence of any official
Page 45 and 46: 2.2.3 Disability 2.2.3.1 Learning d
Page 47 and 48: • People with chronic obstructive
Page 49 and 50: -- Lesbians, bisexual females and q
Page 51 and 52: 2.2.6 Domestic violence • In a st
Page 53 and 54: • A 2012 UK study included 452
Page 55 and 56: • Individuals with probable alcoh
Page 57 and 58: 3.3 Poverty and disadvantage A grow
Page 59 and 60: Men Women % 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5
Page 61 and 62: 3.4 Inequality as a determinant of
Page 63 and 64: 4. Prevention, treatment and care T
Page 65 and 66: 4.1.1 Interventions during childhoo
Page 67 and 68: 4.2 How many people seek help and u
Page 69 and 70: • Using combined data from the
Page 71 and 72: 4.3 Extent of treatment and care Th
Page 73: 4.4 Mental health legislation The M
Page 77 and 78: Digital technologies • Technology
Page 79 and 80: • Online mindfulness has been fou
Page 81 and 82: Exercise Exercise has been proven t
Page 83 and 84: 5. The cost of mental health proble
Page 85 and 86: Spending on the mental health workf
Page 87 and 88: 5.3 Mental health research costs Ac
Page 89 and 90: References 1. WHO. (2014). Social D
Page 91 and 92: 72. ONS. (2016). Suicides in the Un
Page 93 and 94: 133. Kessler, R.C., Berglund, P., D
Page 95 and 96: 188. Age UK. (2016). Later life in
Page 97 and 98: 247. Public Health England. (2014).
Page 99 and 100: 307. Balmer, N.J., Pleasence, P., &
Page 101 and 102: 371. Gutman, L., Joshi, H., Parsona
Page 103 and 104: 421. Tchernegovski, P., Reupert, A.
Page 105 and 106: 485. Health and Social Care Informa
Page 107 and 108: 538. O’Neil, A., Quirk, S.E., Hou
Page 112: mentalhealth.org.uk Good mental hea
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FUNDAMENTAL FACTS ABOUT MENTAL HEALTH 2016

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