International Relations

Feeding the World
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Demands for affordable food ran alongside calls for jobs, political freedoms
and an end to government corruption. Banners were written saying things like
‘Give us back our Algeria’ and ‘No to the police state’. At first the Algerian
government responded to these events with repression. The police fired tear
gas and water cannons at youths who had angrily taken to the streets and set
up roadblocks. Football matches were suspended as it was thought the
crowds might turn political and become a threat to public order. However,
aware of the Arab Spring revolutions and fearful that the uprisings seen in
Egypt and Tunisia would be repeated in Algeria, the government soon
relented. Import taxes on sugar and cooking oil were slashed and prices
capped for flour and vegetables. The government also renounced the
19-year-old State of Emergency law that had prohibited peaceful protest in
the country. The forcible removal of long-standing president Abdelaziz
Bouteflika was thus averted, although widespread disapproval of his
autocratic regime continued to simmer.
What effect did these food riots have on international relations? First of all
they created the sense that there was a ‘global food crisis’ to resolve. It is
important to note here that if a food crisis were to be simply defined as the
existence of widespread hunger, then the situation would have been nothing
new. Throughout the 1990s and 2000s there were consistently between 800
million and 1 billion people in the world who were chronically undernourished.
Living largely in rural areas in Asia and Africa, these people suffered away
from the spotlight. However, based on the position of the disenfranchised
citizen, the food riots that broke out in volatile urban areas directly challenged
the legitimacy of political leaders and forced a response (Bush 2010). This
kind of hunger could not be ignored.
Attempting to manage the food crisis, world leaders gathered at the United
Nations’ High-Level Conference on World Food Security. They produced a
declaration to provide more emergency aid, prevent international agricultural
trade from being disrupted, and increase global agricultural production. Critics
saw this as a conservative response that did not address the root causes of
the crisis. Instead of ensuring people had decent incomes and accountable
leaders, reflecting the demands of the protestors, the focus was simply on
bringing down world market prices. This also reproduced the misleading idea
that hunger is best dealt with by growing more food rather than changing
existing power relations. Oxfam, a confederation of charitable organisations,
made this point when they said that there was already enough food to feed
everyone. For Oxfam the problem unveiled by the riots was not so much lack
of supply but unequal distribution (Oxfam 2009). During 2008, the height of
the food crisis, there was a global average of 2,826 calories produced, per
person, per day according to official United Nations data. The recommended
intake for an adult is between 2,000–2,500 calories. So, if the data is taken at