Taxonomy_of_the_coffee_plant

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Terms Coffee species: C. canephora Pierre ex Froehner, C. arabica L., C. liberica Bull ex Hiern • delimitation: no fertile offspring between both • In Botany unfortunately not that clear (modern breeding methods) Coffee variety: C. arabica var. laurina, C. arabica var. bullata • Differ in low number of attributes (from the type specimen, which is reference that serves as an anchor) • No natural taxon • Attributes are biologically irrelevant (no species border) Coffee cultivar (= cultivated variety) • Referring to bred cultivars (not originated naturally!) • Selected because of certain attributes (especially taste of roasted bean) • Most Arabica varieties are cultivars! • Breeding, cross or specific selection leads to genotype. Sexual or vegetative reproduction to get identical clones: all specimen keep those typical attributes • For examples selected mutants or artificial bred hybrids C. arabica cv. Ayasa (Jemen) 32
In summary only three coffee species are of relevance when it comes to international coffee consumption, Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner, C. arabica L., C. liberica Bull ex Hiern. The name (or letter) after the species refers to the author, who validly published this botanical name. In case of Arabica coffee, it was Carl von Linné (abbreviated L.), who described the Typica variety as the reference Arabica plant, hence the name of that variety. The term “ex” means that the initial description was not sufficient or that the botanical systematic was changed. For Robusta it means that Pierre was the first to describe the plant, but the correct and final description was done by Froehner. As already mentioned, fertility among offspring is a characteristic for members of a species. But, especially for plants the species border is often not that clear as modern breeding methods allow the formation of a wide variety of hybrids between species (e.g. Hibrido de Timor). A coffee variety is botanically not relevant as it does not allow distinction of species. Varieties differ only in a low number of attributes compared to the reference type specimen that serves as an anchor. For Arabica, several botanically distinguishable varieties exist, e.g. C. arabica var. laurina and C. arabica var. bullata. They do not form a natural taxon, but they can be named because of typical traits. A coffee cultivar is made up of the words cultivated and variety. So this terms indicates that it is also a variety, but it refers to artificially cultivated varieties that have no natural origin. They were usually selected because of certain attributes that were especially favorable, e.g. for the taste of the final coffee cup. Nowadays most Arabica varieties are cultivars, Typica and Bourbon being the most prominent ones. Varieties are created by controlled breeding, crossing of species or by specific selection, which all lead to a certain genotype. Subsequent sexual (self-pollination) or vegetative reproduction leads to many identical clones, where all specimen of that clone keep those typical attributes. Therefore, the generation of one stable variety takes several generations and multiple selection steps, but at the end one can produce many individuals that produce the exact same quality of coffee beans. 33
Page 1 and 2: Taxonomy of the Coffee Plant 1
Page 3 and 4: 3
Page 5 and 6: This lection will give an introduct
Page 7 and 8: 7
Page 9 and 10: Coffea arabica originated from sout
Page 11 and 12: Coffea canephora is commonly known
Page 13 and 14: In order to classify the position o
Page 15 and 16: Botanists have described 610 genera
Page 17 and 18: Carl von Linné was the “father o
Page 19 and 20: In order to classify the position o
Page 21 and 22: Plants are usually grouped in one g
Page 23 and 24: Several traits can be exploited to
Page 25 and 26: As already mentioned, 125 species a
Page 27 and 28: According to genetic analyses of di
Page 29 and 30: Next to Arabica and Robusta, few ot
Page 31: 31
Page 35 and 36: Here is a first slide that lists fa
Page 37 and 38: Until the 1940s, the majority of co
Page 39 and 40: Initially, Coffea arabica plantatio
Page 41 and 42: Caturra: A pure-line dwarf mutant o
Page 43 and 44: Catuai: A pure-line (one genotype p
Page 45 and 46: Maragogipe: A mutant of Typica, fir
Page 47 and 48: Panamanian Geisha: A wild Ethiopian
Page 49 and 50: This is a list of varieties compile
Page 51 and 52: World coffee research is a non-prof
Page 53: Coffea canephora it characterised b

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