Taxonomy_of_the_coffee_plant

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Coffea canephora • Increase in production, 0 % in 1920 to 40 % today • Introgression lines with C. arabica varieties • More caffeine and chlorogenic acids (higher bitterness, but quality is sufficient for soluble coffee) Selection of trees with good general combining ability (hybrids of good quality with many different genotypes) • Guinean (West Africa, red) and Congolese group (Central Africa, green) ‣ Robusta (Congo), 1890 ‣ Nganda (Uganda) ‣ Kouilou (Central Africa), now widespread in Brazil Hybrids • BP and SA series in Java, Indonesia in the 1920th, propagation via seed and grafting • S274 and BR series in India in the 1950th (plant material from Java), propagation via seed Montagnon C et al. Coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre) genetic improvement: Acquired knowledge, strategies and perspectives. Cahiers Agricultures 21/2-3(2012)143–153 • IF series in Ivory coast (plant material from Java) 52
Coffea canephora it characterised by its great variation in forms or ecotypes, and therefore it is much more difficult to distinguish varieties. This is due to its allogamous (cross-fertilizing) reproduction, where always pollen from another tree is needed for fertilization. In contrast to self-fertilizing C. arabica, Robusta always mixes DNA from a multitude of individuals, which generated many different genotypes. Robusta coffee is also more bitter and has less favourable organoleptic qualities, which is also mirrored in the trade prices, where Robusta is sold at 60 % lower prices than Arabica. However, quality of Robusta can still be improved with higher post-processing efforts. Yet, quality is sufficient for soluble coffee production and to be used in blends with Arabica. There was also a larger demand for cheap coffee after the second world war, which boosted the share on world coffee production for Robustas from 0 % in 1920 to 40 % today. For selection of Robusta trees, a strategy is frequently applied, where genotypes with a good general combining ability are selected. Doing that, one looks for individuals with a certain genotype that produce hybrids of good quality with many different other genotypes. This way one can higher the probability that the trees in the plantation produce an evenly good quality crop. On the picture the geographic origins of the two main genetic groups of C. canephora are shown. The red area marks the Guinean group of Robustas (Ivory coast and Guinea), whereas the green area marks the Congolese group with few sub-groups, e.g. C (Cameroon, the Central African Republic and Congo). Several geographic C. canephora varieties have been defined, e.g. Robusta in the Congo (around 1890 Gaillan collected seeds to start a nursery, now Robusta is commonly used for the whole species), Nganda in Uganda and Kouilou from Central Africa. The latter species is now widely grown in Brazil, named Conilon. 53
Page 1 and 2: Taxonomy of the Coffee Plant 1
Page 3 and 4: 3
Page 5 and 6: This lection will give an introduct
Page 7 and 8: 7
Page 9 and 10: Coffea arabica originated from sout
Page 11 and 12: Coffea canephora is commonly known
Page 13 and 14: In order to classify the position o
Page 15 and 16: Botanists have described 610 genera
Page 17 and 18: Carl von Linné was the “father o
Page 19 and 20: In order to classify the position o
Page 21 and 22: Plants are usually grouped in one g
Page 23 and 24: Several traits can be exploited to
Page 25 and 26: As already mentioned, 125 species a
Page 27 and 28: According to genetic analyses of di
Page 29 and 30: Next to Arabica and Robusta, few ot
Page 31 and 32: 31
Page 33 and 34: In summary only three coffee specie
Page 35 and 36: Here is a first slide that lists fa
Page 37 and 38: Until the 1940s, the majority of co
Page 39 and 40: Initially, Coffea arabica plantatio
Page 41 and 42: Caturra: A pure-line dwarf mutant o
Page 43 and 44: Catuai: A pure-line (one genotype p
Page 45 and 46: Maragogipe: A mutant of Typica, fir
Page 47 and 48: Panamanian Geisha: A wild Ethiopian
Page 49 and 50: This is a list of varieties compile
Page 51: World coffee research is a non-prof

Taxonomy_of_the_coffee_plant

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