Focus on Environment

<strong>Focus</strong> Environ (2016)
Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Ratios…
Mazumder
Figure 2: Energy and nutrient flow model of an estuarine food web (Adopted from Mazumder et
al., 2011).
conservation of wetlands. Without
understanding these dynamics, ecosystem
services of ecosystems cannot be protected
for human wellbeing.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The author is thankful to Dr. Jagoda
Crayford (ANSTO) for helping to draw
Figure 2 using Ecopath.
REFERENCES
Alderson, B., Mazumder, D., Saintilan,
N., Zimmerman, K. and Mulry, P.
(2013). Application of isotope mixing
models to discriminate dietary sources
over small-scale patches in saltmarsh.
Marine Ecology Progress Series 487,
113-122.
Blaber, S. J. M. (2000). Tropical Estuarine
Fishes Ecology, Exploitation and
Conservation. Fish and Aquatic
Resources Series 7, Blackwell
Science, 372pp.
Boecklen, W. J., Yarnes, C. T., Cook, B.
A. and James, A. C. (2011). On the
Use of Stable Isotopes in Trophic
Ecology. Annual Review of Ecology,
Evolution, and Systematics 42(1), 411-
440.
DeNiro, M. J. and Epstein, S. (1978).
Influence of diet on the distribution of
carbon isotopes in animals.
ISBN: 978-967-14475-0-5; eISBN: 978-967-14475-1-2 92