Focus on Environment

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<strong>Focus</strong> Environ (2016) Sustainable Agriculture through Organic Farming Table 1: Summary of Paddy Farming using Organic (SRI) Method by Day at Sik Method of SRI farming (Sik) Day (D) Note Activity D1- D14 Ploughing by tractor D10 Release water into the paddy field Preparation D11 Ploughing by small tractor of soil / land D13 Third cycle, making lanes D14 Scattering of organic fertilizer D16 Planting Soak seeds for planting Day After Planting Note Activity (DAP) DAP 5 - 8 Planting Paddy seedlings are transferred to the paddy fields DAP 90 Water management Drain out the water DAP 110 -115 Harvest Harvesting Note: Weeding is carried out as much as four times from the 10 th to the 40 th day. Othman and Hasan Table 2: Summary of Paddy Farming using Organic (SRI) Method by Day at BBT Method of SRI farming (BBT: Bandar Baru Tunjong) Day (D) Note Activity D1- D14 Preparation Ploughing by tractor D10 of soil / land Release water into the paddy field D11 Ploughing by small tractor (kabota) D13 Third cycle, making lanes D14 Scattering of organic fertilizer D24 Planting Soak seeds for planting Day After Planting Note Activity (DAP) DAP 8 - 12 Planting Paddy seedlings are transferred to the paddy fields DAP 90 Water Drain out the water management DAP 110 - Harvest Harvesting 115 Note: 1. Organic fertilizer is put into the soil one week before planting; 2. Weeding is carried out as much as four times from the 10 th to the 40 th day. ISBN: 978-967-14475-0-5; eISBN: 978-967-14475-1-2 46
<strong>Focus</strong> Environ (2016) Sustainable Agriculture through Organic Farming Othman and Hasan Challenges in sustainable farming This study also showed that there were three challenges in implementing sustainable paddy farming. These were: awareness and early education in sustainable paddy farming, management transition, and high work commitment as shown in Figure 1. These are further explained below. Awareness and education Awareness and early education of sustainable paddy farming is vital. It is hoped that innovations through ICT would provide meaningful contributions. During this study, it was found that most paddy farmers were lacking in awareness and education regarding organic farming practices. Therefore it is pertinent that farmers and youth could be educated on the immense benefits of sustainable practices in paddy farming. According to Mustapha and Mohd Jani (1995), agricultural projects must prioritize social interest and long-term economic goals rather than short-term interests by implementing programmes that minimizes the destruction of resource. Nevertheless, any attempt to make the society aware requires the intervention from the government because of two factors. Firstly, the policy formulation which supports sustainable agricultural development and secondly, government intervention in implementing laws relating to the maintenance and control of agriculture resource utilization. Therefore, a government policy which supports agricultural development that takes into account sustainability factors is the prerequisite that determines the success or failure of a sustainable agricultural development programme. Management transition The next challenge is management transition from conventional farming to organic farming. In reality, there are several challenges in the current implementation of rice management, among them are: i. Unsatisfactory outcome Most farmers are categorized under low incomes. A study conducted in 1990 showed that 60 percent of the household or rice field employees were either poor or extremely poor. After 10 years, however research showed farmer’s poverty rate had reduced to 40 percent. The income of rice farmers is low due to the uneconomical size of the fields which is mainly unprofita- Sustainable characteristic 1. Balancing ecosystem 2. Input from sustainable resources 3. No chemical or synthetic fertiliser and pesticide 4. Natural control (pest, disease and weed) Sustainable Paddy Farming Practices 1. Land preparation 2. Seeds preparation 3. Water management 4. Fertilizers 5. Control (weed, pest and disease) 6. Harvest Challenges 1. Awareness and education 2. Management transition 3. High work commitment Figure 1: The proposed model describing the key areas of sustainable and organic paddy farming practices. ISBN: 978-967-14475-0-5; eISBN: 978-967-14475-1-2 47
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World Environment Day-2016 (WED-201
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How you can help in saving the worl
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WITH BEST COMPLIMENTS
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About Editors Subhash Bhore, PhD: S
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