IOBC/wprs Bulletin Vol. 28(2) 2005

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In conclusion, the chemical control of D. v. virgifera in an IPM strategy which is knowledge intensive and should be based on proper pest monitoring and economic thresholds. Conclusion The invasive insect pest Diabrotica v. virgifera, is rapidly spreading over Europe, and thus ecologically sound and economically feasible control strategies are urgently needed. This paper summarizes the options for developing an integrated management approach against D. v. virgifera in European maize production. The application of one control option alone will probably not control this alien invasive pest in the long term, therefore farmers and researchers face challenges to apply crop rotation, develop a classical biological control strategy for Europe, develop entomopathogenic nematodes and/or fungi as biocontrol products, and to improve compatibility and/or competitiveness of these control options with transgenic Bt maize and chemical insecticides. Acknowledgements We would like to thank for useful communications with Dr. J. Romeis (Agroscope, FAL, Reckenholz, Switzerland) and R. Burger (Landi REBA, Switzerland). We like to thank E. Dormannsne (Plant Health Service, Hodmezovasarhely, Hungary) for providing the fungal strain. We are grateful to B. Kiefer (CABI Bioscience Centre, Switzerland) and K. Imre (University of Gödöllö, Hungary) for technical assistance, and Lars Andreassen (University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada) for reviewing the English text. References Altmann, R. & Springer, B. 2003: Control of rootworms (Diabrotica spp.) in corn (Zea mays) using seed treatment of Clothianidin. – International Symposium on the ecology and management of Western Corn Rootworm, 19-23 January 2003, University Goettingen, Germany. Al-Deeb, M.A. & Wilde, G.E. 2003: Effect of Bt corn expressing the Cry3Bb1 toxin for corn rootworm control on aboveground non-target arthropods. – Environmental Entomology 32: 1164-1170. Baca, F. 1993: New member of the harmful entomofauna of Yugoslavia Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). – IWGO Newsletter 13 (1-2): 21-22. Baca, F. & Camprag, D. 1995: Western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte. – Kukuruzna Zlatica, Drustvo za zasitu bilja Serbije. Beograd, Studio Stanisic: 112 pp. Barna, Gy, Edwards, C.R., Gerber, C., Bledsoe, L.W. & Kiss, J. 1998: Management of Western Corn Rootworm (D. v. virgifera) in corn based on survey information from previous soybean crop. – Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 33: 173-182. Berger, H.K. 2001: The XXIth IWGO meeting in Venice, Italy. – 8th IWGO Diabrotica Subgroup meeting, 1-3 November 2001, Padova, Italy, Veneto Agricoltura. Boller, E.F., Malavolta. C. & Jörg, E. 1997: Guidelines for integrated production of arable crops in Europe. Technical guideline III. – <strong>IOBC</strong>/WPRS <strong>Bulletin</strong> 20(5): 2-10. Branson, T.F. & Ortman, E.E. 1967: Host range of larvae of the western corn rootworm. – Journal of Economical Entomology. 60: 201-203. Branson, T.F. & Ortman, E.E. 1970: The host range of larvae of the western corn rootworm: further studies. – Journal of Economic Entomology. 63: 800-803. 5
6 Dutton, A., Romeis, J. & Bigler, F. 2003: Assessing the risks of insect resistant transgenic plants for beneficial arthropods: Bt maize expressing Cry1Ab as a case study. – BioControl 48: 611-636. Edwards, C.R., Kiss, J. & Barcic, J.I. 1999: Results of the 1997-1998 multi-country FAO activity on containment and control of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, in Central Europe. – Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica. 34(4): 373-386. EFSA 2004: Opinion of the Scientific Panel on genetically Modified Organisms on a request from the Commission related to the safety of foods and food ingredients derived from insect-protected genetically modified maize MON 863 and MON 863 x MON 810, for which a request for placing on the market was submitted under Article 4 of the Novel Food Regulation (EC) No 258/97 by Monsanto. – The EFSA Journal 50: 1-25. FAO 2004a: FAOSTAT. FAO statistical database. – http://apps.fao.org/default.jsp. FAO 2004b: Integrated pest management of western corn rootworm in Central and Eastern Europe. FAO GTFS/RER 017/ITA project. – http://www.mkk.szie.hu/dep/nvtt/. Gaugler, R. 2002: Entomopathogenic Nematology. – CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK. Gray, M.E. & Levine, E. 1998: Adaptation to crop rotation: Western and northern corn rootworms respond uniquely to a cultural practice. – Recent Research Development in Entomology. 2: 19-31. Hatvani A. & Horvath Z. 2002: Damage of Western Corn Rootworm after sunflower in North Baczka. – Novenyvedelem 38: 513-517. (In Hungarian). Inglis, G.D., Goettel, M.S., Butt, T.M. & Strasser, H. 2001: Use of hyphomyctous fungi for managing insect pests. – In: T.M. Butt & Magan, N. (ed.): Fungi as Biocontrol Agents. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK: 23-69. Ivezic, M. & Raspudic, E. 2001: Evaluation of Croatian corn hybrids for tolerance to corn rootworm (Diabrotica v. virgifera) larval feeding. – 8th IWGO Diabrotica Subgroup meeting, 1-3 November 2001, Padova, Italy, Veneto Agricoltura. Keller, S., Kessler, P. & Schweizer, C. 2003: Distribution of insect pathogenic soil fungi in Switzerland with special reference to Beauveria brongniartii and Metarhizium ansiopliae. – BioControl 48: 307-319. Kiss, J., Edwards, C.R., Berger, H.K. Cate, P., Cheek, S., Derron, J, Festic, K., Furlan, L, Irgc Barcic, J., Ivanova, I. Lammers, W., Princzinger, G., Sivcev, I., Sivicek, P, Rosca, I., Urek, G., & Vahala, O. 2004a: Monitoirng of western corn rootworm D. v. virgifera, in Europe. – In: Vidal, S., Kuhlmann, U. & Edwards, C.R. (ed.): Western Corn Rootworm: Ecology and Management. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK. (in press). Kiss, J., Komaromi, J., Bayar, J.K., Edwards, C.R. & Hataláné Zseller, I. 2004b: Western corn rootworm (D. v. virgifera) and the crop rotation system in Europe. – In: Vidal, S., Kuhlmann, U., Edwards, (ed.): Western Corn Rootworm: Ecology and Management. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK. (in press.). Kiss, J. 2004c: IPM for Western Corn Rootworm in Central and Eastern Europe: FAO GTFS/RER/017/ITA project. – 10th IWGO Diabrotica Subgroup meeting, 14-16 January 2004, Engelberg, Switzerland: 65. Komaromi, J, Bayar K., Kiss, J. Edwards, C.R. & Szell, E. 2002: Is the development of western corn rootworm possible in corn-soybean and corn-alfalfa rotation systems. – 9th IWGO Diabrotica Subgroup Meeting, 3-5 November 2002, Belgrade, Serbia: 40-41. Krysan, J.L. & Miller, T.A. 1986: Methods for study of pest Diabrotica. – New York, Springer.
Page 1 and 2: IOBC / WPRS Working group „Insect
Page 3: Preface The Working Group “Integr
Page 6 and 7: iv ERICSSON Jerry University of Bri
Page 8 and 9: vi PÁZMÁNDI Christian Centre for
Page 10 and 11: viii
Page 12 and 13: x Metarhizium anisopliae for white
Page 14 and 15: xii
Page 16 and 17: Insect Pathogens and Insect Parasit
Page 18 and 19: stands (Levine et al. 2002) to feed
Page 22: Kuhlmann, U. & W.A.C.M. Burgt 1998:
Page 25 and 26: 10 Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic
Page 27 and 28: 12 The control strategies used agai
Page 29 and 30: 14 1) Case study: Soil application
Page 31 and 32: 16 2) Case study: Genetic diversity
Page 33 and 34: 18 Bidochka, M.J., Menzies, F.V. &
Page 38 and 39: Results and discussion The first co
Page 40 and 41: Isolation of Beauveria brongniartii
Page 42 and 43: grown in the dark for 3 weeks at 22
Page 44: genotypes (A, B, D, and F) were re-
Page 47 and 48: 32 Since 1974 the financial losses
Page 49 and 50: 34 there is no more a strict three
Page 54 and 55: Numbers of captured beetles were an
Page 56 and 57: Mean captues +/- SE per trap & day
Page 58 and 59: dilution for plating (see above). F
Page 60: 45 “New” white grubs
Page 63 and 64: 48 The goal of this study was to de
Page 65 and 66: 50 In spring 2003 the density of M.
Page 67 and 68: 52 (Germany). The first treatment w
Page 69 and 70: 54 Application timing of H. bacteri
Page 72 and 73:
Insect Pathogens and Insect Parasit
Page 74 and 75:
Results and discussion Collection o
Page 76:
Discussion During this study the en
Page 79 and 80:
64 Materials and methods Source of
Page 81 and 82:
66 100 80 60 40 20 0 100 80 60 40 2
Page 83 and 84:
68 During this study, selectivity a
Page 86:
71 Wireworms
Page 89 and 90:
74 Solanum tuberosum L. (Solanaceae
Page 91 and 92:
76 % CATEGORIZATION OF MORBIDITY FI
Page 93 and 94:
78 of adults caught can reliably pr
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
Results and discussion Before spray
Page 100:
References Parker, W.E. & Howard, J
Page 103 and 104:
88 insecticide residues. Nonetheles
Page 105 and 106:
90 References Cockbill, G.F., Hende
Page 107 and 108:
92 Results and discussion a. Taxono
Page 109 and 110:
94 published; some information has
Page 111 and 112:
96 C2a: no sensitive crops in the s
Page 113 and 114:
98 Furlan, L., Tóth, M., Ujvary, I
Page 115 and 116:
100 Roberts, A.W.R. 1928: On the li
Page 117 and 118:
102 Results and discussion Crop rot
Page 119 and 120:
104 % damage by wireworms 100 80 60
Page 121 and 122:
106 noticed that grass-clover in cr
Page 123 and 124:
108 % damage by wireworms 60 50 40
Page 125 and 126:
110 Materials and methods Soil Soil
Page 127 and 128:
112 Emigration - deterrence of wire
Page 129 and 130:
114 Table 1. The effect of broadcas
Page 131 and 132:
116
Page 133 and 134:
118 presence and abundance of wirew
Page 135 and 136:
120 Furthermore, A. obscurus larvae
Page 137 and 138:
122 Horton, D.R. & Landolt, P.J. 20
Page 139 and 140:
124 Bait trapping 48 bait traps wer
Page 141 and 142:
126 Acknowledgements We thank Anton
Page 143 and 144:
128 history can be obtained (Scheu
Page 145 and 146:
130 lower left hand corner of fig.
Page 147 and 148:
132 Eggers, T. & Jones, T.H. 2000:
Page 149 and 150:
134 pheromone combinations for each
Page 151 and 152:
136 Fig. 2. Click beetle spp. captu
Page 153 and 154:
138 Fig 4. Click beetle spp. captur
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140 Fig 6. Click beetle spp. captur
Page 157 and 158:
142 Siirde, K., Lääts, K., Erm, A
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
Fig. 2. Comparison of several trap
Page 166 and 167:
Fig. 5. Catches of WCR in VARs+ tra
Page 168 and 169:
Table 1. Performance characteristic
Page 170:
Miscellaneous
Page 173 and 174:
158 Material and methods Field tria
Page 175 and 176:
160 Figure 2: Abundances of Collemb
Page 177 and 178:
162
Page 179 and 180:
164 but also when used against the
Page 181 and 182:
166 based EPN product in this exper
Page 183 and 184:
168
Page 185 and 186:
170 branches. Beetles can walk up t
Page 187 and 188:
172 1999/ 2000, I 1999/ 2000, C 200
Page 189 and 190:
174
Page 191 and 192:
176 Experimental design During the
Page 193 and 194:
178 Acknowledgements We thank Stefa
Page 195 and 196:
180 Spore suspension Conidia of M.
Page 197 and 198:
182 Data about the stability of spo
Page 199 and 200:
184 dence of host presence and appl
Page 201 and 202:
186 Material and methods All habita
Page 203 and 204:
188 Hajek, A.E. & Leger, R. J. St.
Page 205 and 206:
190 Risk Assessment of Fungal Biolo
Page 207:
192 It is scheduled that our future
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IOBC/wprs Bulletin Vol. 28(2) 2005

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