BIOL 301 Human Health and Disease Final Exam Answers

BIOL 301 Human Health and Disease Final Exam Answers
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Submit your answers (as a .doc, .docx, or .rtf) by using the table on the last page (e.g., 1.A, 2.B,
3.C, etc.) and returning only the TABLE by way of your Assignment Folder. Following the
TABLE should be your ESSAY Question answers.
50 Multiple Choice Questions at 4 points each.
10 Essay Questions. Choose 2 to answer at 20 points each.
50 Multiple Choice Questions at 4 points each.
1. Dr. Sue Mi is interested in diseases of the retina. The field of study best suited to her
interests is
2. physiology B. anatomy C. pathology D. bowling
2. There are numerous levels of organization in the body. The correct order from simplest to
most complex is
3. organ, tissue, cell, organism, system B. cell, tissue, organ, system, organism
4. system, cell, organ, organism, tissue D. cell, system, tissue, organ, organism

3. The atomic number of sodium is 11. The sodium ion has a single positive charge (Na + ).
How many electrons does the sodium ion have?
4. 10 B. 11
5. 12 D. More information is required to answer this question.
4. The chemical category that includes fats and cholesterol is
5. proteins B. lipids C. carbohydrates D. solutions
5. If a cell lacked centrioles, it would not be able to
6. synthesize proteins B. synthesize RNA
7. divide D. secrete proteins
6. A particular cell type specializes in breaking down harmful by-products of metabolism.
This cell type would contain very high levels of
7. lysosomes B. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C. centrioles D. peroxisomes
7. Connective tissues would probably NOT contain
8. fibroblasts B. collagen C. goblet cells D. matrix
8. Ms. Busch has a lump in her arm. The doctor has determined that the lump has not spread
and is derived from adipose tissue. This lump would best be described as a
9. benign lipoma B. malignant sarcoma
10. malignant lipoma D. benign sarcoma

9. Mr. Luckless is experiencing headaches as a result of drug therapy. The headaches are an
example of a(n)
10. iatrogenic disease B. idiopathic disease
11. pandemic disease D. etiological disorder
10. An infectious agent composed entirely of protein is called a(n)
11. prion B. viroid C. virus D. rickettsiae
11. Mr. Munybags has erythematous flat areas on his arms and legs that are covered with
silvery scales. His father also has the same skin condition. The most likely diagnosis is
12. atopic dermatitis B. psoriasis C. impetigo D. shingles
12. Which of the following diseases is caused by a fungus?
13. ringworm B. verruca C. eczema D. acne vulgaris
13. A forensic scientist wants to identify the gender of a skeleton based on the pelvic
structure. Which of the following characteristics would be found in a male pelvis?
14. a wide, rounded pelvic opening B. a long, curved sacrum
15. wide, flared ilia D. a wide pubic arch
14. Ms. Jones, aged 31, has been diagnosed with tuberculosis. Lately, her joints have been
inflamed. Ms. J probably has
15. osteoarthritis B. gout C. septic arthritis D. rheumatoid arthritis

15. The compound that stores oxygen in muscle cells is
16. hemoglobin B. glycogen C. creatine phosphate D. myoglobin
16. Exercise results in
17. constricted blood vessels B. a decrease in the number of mitochondria
18. muscle atrophy D. an increase in the resting heart rate
17. The hypothalamus
18. initiates voluntary movements. B. controls and integrates autonomic nervous system
activity.
19. is regulated by the pituitary gland. D. plays a minor role in the maintenance of
homeostasis
18. Ms. L has been experiencing muscle weakness. Her physician informs her that she has
abnormal antibodies attacking the myelin sheath around neurons in her central nervous
system. The most likely diagnosis is
19. poliomyelitis B. multiple sclerosis
20. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis D. peripheral neuropathy
19. Difficulty in forming words would indicate an injury to the
20. Wernicke area B. Broca area
21. auditory association area D. primary sensory cortex
20. The point of sharpest vision is called the

21. rods B. fovea centralis C. optic disk D. cornea
21. Glaucoma is associated with excess eye fluid. The excess fluid exerts pressure on the
nerve receiving visual input from the eye, known as the
22. oculomotor nerve B. trochlear nerve
23. optic nerve D. trigeminal nerve
22. Dr. Spiegel has asked you if you want to write a 50-page essay. You shake your head
“no.” This motion will be sensed by the
23. vestibule B. maculae C. cristae D. cochlear duct
23. What effect would a large increase in cortisol have on glucagon and insulin secretion?
24. Both insulin and glucagon would be increased.
25. Both insulin and glucagon would be decreased.
26. Insulin would be decreased, glucagon would be increased.
27. Insulin would be increased, glucagon would be decreased.
24. Diabetes insipidus results from a lack of
25. glucagon B. aldosterone C. calcitonin D. antidiuretic hormone
25. A person with type A blood has antibodies to
26. A antigen B. B antigen C. A and B antigens D. neither antigen
26. A person with a hematocrit of 33% is suffering from

27. anemia B. leukopenia C. polycythemia D. leukocytosis
27. The part of the heart capable of generating the largest force is the
28. right atrium B. left atrium C. right ventricle D. left ventricle
28. The heart chamber that receives blood from the lungs is the
29. right atrium B. left atrium C. right ventricle D. left ventricle
29. A blood cell is journeying from the left thumb to the heart. It would probably NOT pass
through the
30. left brachiocephalic vein B. superior vena cava
31. left jugular vein D. left subclavian vein
30. Which of the following drugs would NOT be used to treat hypertension?
31. a drug that relaxes blood vessels B. a drug that inhibits renin production
32. a diuretic D. a drug that increases heart rate
31. Which of the following is a function of the lymphatic system?
32. oxygen delivery to tissues
33. absorption of digested fats
34. transport of absorbed amino acids from the intestine to the liver
35. thermoregulation
32. Inflammation of the lymph nodes is called

33. lymphedema B. lymphangitis C. lymphadenitis D. lymphectomy
33. A substance that causes blood vessels to dilate is
34. interferon B. complement C. histamine D. antibody
34. A process that results in antibody production by the recipient induces a form of immunity
called
35. active immunity B. nonspecific immunity
36. passive immunity D. immunotherapy
35. At the lungs,
36. both oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse from the blood into the alveoli
37. oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses into the alveoli
38. carbon dioxide diffuses into the blood and oxygen diffuses into the alveoli
39. both oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse from the alveoli into the blood
36. Which of the following breathing patterns would result in the greatest increase in blood
acidity?
37. apnea B. tachypnea C. hyperpnea D. dyspnea
37. Which of the following is the correct order of tissue from the outermost to the innermost
layer in the wall of the digestive tract?
38. submucosa, serous membrane, smooth muscle, mucous membrane
39. smooth muscle, serous membrane, mucous membrane, submucosa
40. serous membrane, smooth muscle, submucosa, mucosa

41. mucous membrane, submucosa, smooth muscle, serous membrane
38. Your dog has just consumed a half stick of butter that you dropped. Most of the nutrients
in the butter will be absorbed in the form of
39. amino acids B. sugars C. glycerol and free fatty acids D. nucleotides
39. Which of the following is an example of a catabolic reaction?
40. Free fatty acids and glycerol are converted into triglycerides.
41. Starches and glycogen are converted into glucose.
42. Tryptophan and histidine are converted into a peptide.
43. Two glucose molecules are converted into maltose.
40. Which situation describes the measurement of basal metabolism?
41. Ms. Jones measures her energy output while jogging.
42. Mr. Dogwood measures his energy requirements while he is sleeping.
43. Ms. Gees measures her energy output while eating popcorn.
44. All of the answers are correct.
41. Antidiuretic hormone
42. regulates acid-base balance
43. is secreted when water intake is too low
44. stimulates the production of large amounts of urine
45. increases bone formation

42. A decrease in the rate and depth of breathing could theoretically alleviate
43. metabolic alkalosis B. respiratory acidosis C. dehydration D. edema
43. An active process that moves substances from the blood into the nephron is
44. tubular reabsorption B. tubular filtration C. tubular secretion D.
osmosis
44. Materials are driven out of the glomerulus into the glomerular capsule because of
45. osmotic pressure B. blood pressure
46. concentration gradients D. active transport
45. Progesterone levels are highest during
46. the follicular phase B. the proliferative phase
47. ovulation D. the secretory phase
46. Which of the following structures contributes the most liquid to the semen?
47. seminiferous tubules B. epididymis
48. vas deferens D. seminal vesicles
47. The average length of gestation in humans is
48. 3 months B. 38 weeks C. 42 weeks D. 1 year
48. The fertilized egg normally attaches to the

49. myometrium B. oviduct C. fimbriae D. endometrium
49. If a person is a carrier for a particular disease,
50. the disease must be dominant, and the person’s genotype must be heterozygous
51. the disease must be recessive, and the person’s genotype must be heterozygous
52. the disease must be dominant, and the person’s genotype must be homozygous
recessive D. the disease must be recessive, and the person’s genotype must be
homozygous dominant
50. The ability of a particular gene to determine phenotype can be altered by
51. environmental factors B. gender
52. other genes D. All of the answers are correct.
BIOL 301 Final Exam answers
1 11 21 31 41
2 12 22 32 42
3 13 23 33 43
4 14 24 34 44
5 15 25 35 45
6 16 26 36 46
7 17 27 37 47
8 18 28 38 48
9 19 29 39 49
10 20 30 40 50

10 Essay Questions. Choose 2 to answer at 20 points each.
1. Describe the role of the following in protein synthesis – DNA, nucleotides, RNA,
ribosomes, rough ER, and Golgi apparatus.
2. List three factors that have contributed to the increase in infectious disease, and name a
disease that has been particularly affected by each factor.
3. Compare and contrast osteoporosis, osteomalacia, and osteomyelitis.
4. Huntington’s disease is characterized by a loss of normal inhibition mediated by the basal
nuclei. Predict the symptoms you are likely to see with this disease
5. Describe and discuss several common types of heart disease.
6. Name and discuss the diseases involved in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
7. Individuals experiencing prolonged vomiting lose a great deal of stomach juices with the
vomitus. Predict the effect this loss will have on the pH of blood. How will the
respiratory system respond to the change in pH.
8. List and discuss six signs of chronic renal failure.
9. Beginning with the first day of menstruation, describe the events of one complete cycle,
including the role of the hormones involved.

10. Differentiate among congenital, genetic, and hereditary disorders and give several
examples of each.