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electricity from the country’s unreliable power grid. The grid failed spectacularly in 2012, plunging more than 600 million people into total blackout. In the country’s high-tech capital of Bangalore, for example, residents have recently had to endure hours of power outages each day after repairs and a bad monsoon season prevented the state’s hydroelectric and percent, according to 2 0 11 c e n s u s d a t a . Families still light their homes with kerosene lamps and cook on clay stoves with cow-dung patties or kindling. The Indian government h a s l a u n c h e d a n ambitious project to supply 24-hour power to its towns and villages by 2022 - with plans for miles of new feeder lines, infrastructure gigawatts of solargenerating capacity by 2022, plus 75 gigawatts of other renewable energy, predominantly wind. The government wants to expand its h y d r o e l e c t r i c a n d nuclear power capacity as well. The ambitious goal - which some see as unrealistic - would essentially require the country to double its i n s t a l l e d s o l a r - generating capacity plentiful coal will make up the lion’s share of the country’s energy budget well beyond 2030. At the same time, the Indian government says it wants to develop its economy using green technology, setting up 100 smart cities and touting its work with energy efficiency in industrial buildings and making LED light bulbs affordable. In recent months, the Indian government h a s a n n o u n c e d p l a n s t o modernise its national grid a n d i s preparing to address the financial woes of the country’s state-owned u t i l i t y companies. wind power plants from g e n e r a t i n g e n o u g h e l e c t r i c i t y. E n e rg y access is worse in rural areas. Bihar, one of India’s poorest states, has a population of 103 million, nearly a third the size of the United States. Fewer have electricity as the primary source of lighting there than in any other place in India, just over 16 upgrades and solar micro grids for the remotest areas. Led by M o d i , a n e a r l y proponent of solar technology, India is in the midst of a huge drive to expand its solar and wind capacity, with plans for dozens of mega-parks that the government hopes will move the country closer to its goal of 100 every 18 months from its current capacity of four gigawatts. India also wants to double its coal production in the next five years, to more than 1 billion tons annually, with plans to open 60 more coal mines. India has the world’s fifthlargest coal reserves, and officials say cheap, India’s e n e r g y m i n i s t e r , P i y u s h Goyal, has b e e n appealing to wealthier n a t i o n s t o p r o v i d e capital to invest in r e n e w a b l e e n e r g y projects to help the c o u n t r y r e a c h a n d exceed the targets agreed in Paris in November 2015. Japan’s Softbank has committed to invest $20bn (£16.2bn) in the Indian solar energy sector, in conjunction
w i t h T a i w a n e s e company Foxconn and Indian business group Bharti Enterprises. In September the largely French state-owned energy company EDF announced it would invest $2bn in Indian r e n e w a b l e e n e r g y projects, citing the country’s enormous projected demand and “fantastic” potential of its wind and solar radiation. Adani opened the world’s largest solar plant in Tamil Nadu earlier this year, and in October the energy conglomerate Tata announced that it would aim to generate as much as 40% of its energy from renewable sources by 2025. But even if sufficient capital is amassed, clean energy projects will not be successful without a resilient power grid. Solar and wind power is not as stable as electricity produced from conventional s o u r c e s , h e n c e upgrading to grids that are flexible enough to control unpredictable surges is a process that cannot be overlooked. 15-20 percent of the total renewable energy generated in the country is wasted due to the low capacity of power grids. Hence, construction of t h e g r e e n e n e r g y corridor, a $3.5-billion project for transmission of renewable power, is necessary to offset such l o s s e s . G e r m a n y ’s development bank KFW has agreed to bankroll $1.1 billion for the project. In the 2027 forecasts, India aims to generate 275 gigawatts of total renewable energy, in addition to 72GW of hydro energy and 15GW o f n u c l e a r e n e rg y. Nearly 100GW would come from “other zero emission” sources, with advancements in energy efficiency expected to reduce the need for capacity increases by 40GW over 10 years. Furthermore, our energy plan for 2030 involves generating 850GW of p o w e r , o f w h i c h renewables will account for 40 percent, but the bulk of the remaining will come from coal as it continues to be the cheaper option. But since the present government is headed in the right direction and is committed to walking the renewables path, we could step up our game t o r e a c h o u r f u l l renewable potential. ‘Overlearning’ - Locks in Performance Gains A new Brown University study suggest that you should keep practicing for a little while after your think you can’t get any better. Such overwhelming locked in performance gains according to the nature neuroscience paper that describes the effect and its underlying neurophysiology. Learning has to sink in the brain. Overwhelming cements learning well and quickly suggests the study. “If you want learn something important, may be over learning is a good way”, suggests the research. “If you do overlearning,you may be able to increase the chance that what you learn will not be gone.
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