UMTS Networks : Architecture, Mobility and Services

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Services in the UMTS Environment 225 Figure 8.10 Mobile browsing—rough principle diagram pictures, their resolution and other graphics-related issues are handled by separate, more suitable handlers to guarantee the best possible viewing experience. The same principle applies to voice elements as well. As Figure 8.10 suggests, there are many content handlers and their number will most likely increase. A good example of the use of these is graphics: nowadays, the Internet supports several tens of available picture formats, all of which are necessary for pictures to be shown to an end-user. The most common graphic types in this sense are: BMP (bitmap picture, various subversions of BMP exist), JPG (for photos, various versions exist), GIF (Web-tailored format for photos, various versions exist), TIFF (heavy picture format with high resolution possibilities) and PNG (portable network graphics supported by standard browsers). From the network point of view mobile browsing is a basic service facility, which does not set too many requirements for the transport network itself, because mainly it is a terminal issue. The network’s task in mobile browsing is to be available and able to open data connection(s) according to an end-user subscription’s QoS definitions for browsing purposes (Figure 8.11). Figure 8.11 Mobile Browsing—connectivity
226 UMTS Networks Mobile browsing can also be interpreted as a platform providing possibilities for different kinds of extensions, thus giving further possibilities for service development. These extensions can be shortlisted as: . Location information handling: LCSs are introduced in Section 8.3.4. With mobile browsing it is possible to offer, for example, location-aware responses to end-user requests. . Mobile commerce: this is one of the expected principal business areas of the future. Mobile browsing will act as a platform and user interface for e-commerce applications. . Device management: since terminal equipment contains software applications that may need some maintenance and upgrades from time to time, mobile browsing could be a handy interface to provide upgrade mechanisms and terminal configuration support to end-users. Note that such a development could impact on security matters. . Service discovery and installation: with mobile browsing an operator could suggest/ advertise new services for end-users and provide fast service activation mechanisms. . New XML content types: when services utilising multimedia eventually emerge, there will be a need to provide the end-user with new content handlers that are able to present new content types. . Offline browsing: a terminal need not always be attached to a network, and there are some services that could be used offline. Mobile browsing will provide the possibility of using such services in this way. This is based on the concept of XHTML downloadable service packages, where a service or a relevant part of it is downloaded to the terminal for local offline use. . Voice browsing offers up the chance to replace standard ‘‘link-clicking’’ by voice commands. Another possibility is that the received content will also be hearable rather than just being displayed. . Semantic Web is a vision about the future Internet, where content is no longer tied to presentation media. With the semantic Web the network will be able to adjust the requested information in such a way that it is suitable for various terminals automatically. There is a clear advantage here for a mobile user: the required content would always be returned in the best possible format, thus giving a better browsing experience. 8.3.4 Location Communication Services (LCS) Mobile positioning is becoming an important feature of cellular systems. There are two main paths along which LCSs could evolve: Accurate location information may be services using approximate position information based on the coverage of the radio cell and services using accurate location information obtained with the help of GPS (Global Positioning System) or using advanced time-based calculation methods in the radio network and assistance data delivered to the mobile phone. Examples of commercial location-based applications are fleet management, traffic information management, transportation, nearest services, emergency services, naviga-
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UMTS Networks
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Copyright # 2005 John Wiley & Sons
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vi Contents 3.3 Multi-access Techni
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viii Contents 8.3.2 UMTS SIM Applic
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Preface The world’s first public
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Preface xiii What’s New in the Se
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Acknowledgements While writing the
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Part One
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4 UMTS Networks Figure 1.1 Cellular
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6 UMTS Networks UMTS standardisatio
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8 UMTS Networks flows are expected
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10 UMTS Networks Figure 1.3 UMTS ne
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12 UMTS Networks Figure 1.4 UMTS ne
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14 UMTS Networks Figure 1.5 Bearer
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16 UMTS Networks 2.1 From Analogue
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18 UMTS Networks functions needed t
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20 UMTS Networks Figure 2.4 General
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22 UMTS Networks Figure 2.5 3G netw
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24 UMTS Networks of services are mo
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26 UMTS Networks UTRAN has had the
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Part Two
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32 UMTS Networks Figure 3.1 Key cha
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34 UMTS Networks between the radio
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36 UMTS Networks Figure 3.5 Radio c
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38 UMTS Networks Figure 3.7 A simpl
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40 UMTS Networks Figure 3.10 Freque
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42 UMTS Networks Figure 3.13 Direct
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44 UMTS Networks according to the a
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46 UMTS Networks unfortunately the
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48 UMTS Networks (ATM) technology,
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50 UMTS Networks Figure 3.19 A simp
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52 UMTS Networks Figure 3.20 TMN py
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54 UMTS Networks Figure 3.21 Intera
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56 UMTS Networks 3.8.1 UMTS Spectru
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4 Overview of UMTS Radio Access Tec
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Overview of UMTS Radio Access Techn
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5 UMTS Radio Access Network Siamäk
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UMTS Radio Access Network 101 diffe
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UMTS Radio Access Network 103 Opera
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UMTS Radio Access Network 105 Figur
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UMTS Radio Access Network 109 The p
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UMTS Radio Access Network 113 5.3.1
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UMTS Radio Access Network 115 . Per
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UMTS Radio Access Network 117 Note
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UMTS Radio Access Network 119 mecha
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UMTS Radio Access Network 127 Toget
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UMTS Radio Access Network 139 messa
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6 UMTS Core Network Heikki Kaaranen
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UMTS Core Network 145 Figure 6.3 Co
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UMTS Core Network 147 Figure 6.5 Lo
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UMTS Core Network 149 Figure 6.6 UM
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UMTS Core Network 151 Figure 6.7 Ro
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UMTS Core Network 153 session contr
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UMTS Core Network 155 . Security: s
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UMTS Core Network 157 Figure 6.11 M
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UMTS Core Network 159 3. The home n
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UMTS Core Network 161 Figure 6.15 M
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UMTS Core Network 163 Figure 6.16 C
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UMTS Core Network 165 Figure 6.18 C
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UMTS Core Network 167 context of pa
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UMTS Core Network 169 Call control
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UMTS Core Network 171 Figure 6.23 R
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UMTS Core Network 173 concerning th
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Page 196 and 197: Table 6.1 Charging options availabl
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Page 200 and 201: UMTS Core Network 181 In this secti
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Page 214 and 215: 7 The UMTS Terminal Lauri Laitinen
Page 216 and 217: The UMTS Terminal 197 Figure 7.1 Us
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276 UMTS Networks Figure 9.13 IMS s
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278 UMTS Networks RFC (3310) has be
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280 UMTS Networks 9.4.4 AAA Mechani
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282 UMTS Networks Table 9.1 Items c
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Part Three
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288 UMTS Networks fundamental diffe
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290 UMTS Networks Figure 10.2 Gener
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292 UMTS Networks Figure 10.3 UMTS
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294 UMTS Networks of PS services mo
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296 UMTS Networks Figure 10.4 UMTS
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298 UMTS Networks (a) (b) Figure 10
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300 UMTS Networks Table 10.1 Transp
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(a) (b) Figure 10.8 Protocol stacks
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304 UMTS Networks would be, say, be
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306 UMTS Networks Table 10.2 ATM ad
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308 UMTS Networks The purpose of th
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310 UMTS Networks Figure 10.15 Tran
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314 UMTS Networks padding bits. Pad
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316 UMTS Networks GTP-U is a transp
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318 UMTS Networks 10.4 Radio Networ
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324 UMTS Networks allow the RNC to
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326 UMTS Networks reconfiguration a
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328 UMTS Networks satisfy these req
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330 UMTS Networks Figure 10.29 Fram
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332 UMTS Networks MM connection pro
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336 UMTS Networks 10.5.1.3 Call Con
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338 UMTS Networks 10.5.1.2). After
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Figure 10.38 User-plane protocol st
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Table 6.3 Summary of IMS reference
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348 UMTS Networks Figure 10.39 Diam
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11 Procedure Examples Heikki Kaaran
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Procedure Examples 353 After these
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Procedure Examples 355 request sent
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Procedure Examples 357 Figure 11.5
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Procedure Examples 359 the QoS requ
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Procedure Examples 367 the SRNC dis
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Procedure Examples 369 updates the
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Procedure Examples 371 As an acknow
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Procedure Examples 373 11.3.2 URA U
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Procedure Examples 379 described ea
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Procedure Examples 383 11.6.2 IMS S
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388 List of Abbreviations AUTN An a
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390 List of Abbreviations DQPSK Dif
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392 List of Abbreviations IMPU IP M
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394 List of Abbreviations OLPC Open
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396 List of Abbreviations RTS Reque
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398 List of Abbreviations UBR Unspe
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400 Bibliography 2. Other Literatur
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402 UMTS Networks Code (cont.) Mana
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404 UMTS Networks Node B Applicatio
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406 UMTS Networks EDGE technology 9
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