UMTS Networks : Architecture, Mobility and Services

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UMTS Protocols 335 context for this user. This procedure is typically carried out when a packet-mode UE is switched on or the USIM is inserted into it. In the case of the combined GPRS attach procedure, activities for normal IMSI attach are carried out. . GPRS detach or combined GPRS detach, which are invoked when the UE is switched off or the USIM is removed from the UE or a network failure has occurred. The procedures cause the UE to be marked as inactive in just the CN PS domain or in the combined GPRS detach procedure as well for the CN CS domain. The following GMM procedures are used for location management when a GMM context already exists: . Normal routing area updating and combined routing area updating, which are performed when the UE recognises that the routing area has changed and the UE needs to inform the CN PS domain about the event. In combined routing area updating the location area is also included for the CN CS domain. . Periodic routing area updating, which can be used to notify the CN periodically of the availability of the UE, according to a timer in the UE. The following GMM common procedures for security purposes can be initiated when a GMM context for the user has been established: . P-TMSI re-allocation, which provides a packet-TMSI (P-TMSI) for use within radio interface procedures instead of the permanent and, therefore, traceable IMSI identification. Normally, the P-TMSI re-allocation procedure is performed in conjunction with another GMM procedure like routing area updating. . GPRS authentication and ciphering, always initiated by the CN, permits the CN to check whether the identity provided by the UE is acceptable. It also provides parameters enabling the USIM to calculate UMTS ciphering and integrity keys and permits the UE to authenticate the CN. See Chapter 9 for more details about these security functions. . GPRS identification, which is used by the CN PS domain to request the UE to provide the network with specific identification parameters, like IMSI and IMEI. One more GMM procedure is needed to provide services to the CM sublayer on top of the GMM protocol: . Service request, which is initiated by the UE, is used to establish secure connection with the network and/or to request the bearer establishment to send data. The procedure is typically used when the UE has to send a signalling message that requires security protection (e.g., an SM or paging response message). Further details about the GMM protocol can be found in 3GPP specification TS 24.008.
336 UMTS Networks 10.5.1.3 Call Control (CC) Protocol The CC protocol provides basic signalling mechanisms for establishing and releasing CS services (e.g., voice call or multimedia call) (Figure 10.32). The CC protocol operates between an MSC/VLR and UEs operating in CS/PS or CS-only mode. The CC protocol uses the connection service provided by the MM sublayer to carry CC protocol messages. A normal CS voice call is controlled in pretty much the same way as in ISDN telephony. Therefore, the CC protocol entity in the GMSC has to interwork with the ISUP protocol for establishment of a call path to an external ISDN network. A UMTS CS multimedia call is based on 3G-324M. The 3G-324M is a variant of ITU-T recommendation H.324. For details see 3GPP specification TS 26.111. Call establishment procedures establish CC connection between the UE and the CN and activate the voice/multimedia codec and interworking functions, if needed. The CC protocol entity in the MSC/VLR also interworks with the RANAP protocol entity in order to establish an RAB for the CS call. This means that the QoS requirements received by the CC protocol entity in the CC SETUP message have to be mapped onto a RAB request for the RANAP protocol entity in the same MSC/VLR. Only after the UTRAN has confirmed the assignment of an RAB can call establishment proceed. Established calls can be Mobile Originating (MO) or Mobile Terminating (MT). For multimedia CS calls the normal call establishment procedure applies with some extra information elements for CC protocol messages. The call release procedure, initiated by the UE or the CN, is used to release resources for the call. Call collisions as such cannot occur at the network end, because any simultaneous MO or MT calls are dealt with separately by assigned, different transaction identifiers in the CC protocol. (a) (b) Figure 10.32 System network non-access stratum—CC protocol: (a) control-plane protocols in the system network (CS domain); (b) control-plane protocols in the system domain (PS domain)
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UMTS Networks
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Copyright # 2005 John Wiley & Sons
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vi Contents 3.3 Multi-access Techni
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viii Contents 8.3.2 UMTS SIM Applic
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Preface The world’s first public
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Preface xiii What’s New in the Se
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Acknowledgements While writing the
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Part One
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4 UMTS Networks Figure 1.1 Cellular
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6 UMTS Networks UMTS standardisatio
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8 UMTS Networks flows are expected
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10 UMTS Networks Figure 1.3 UMTS ne
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12 UMTS Networks Figure 1.4 UMTS ne
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14 UMTS Networks Figure 1.5 Bearer
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16 UMTS Networks 2.1 From Analogue
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18 UMTS Networks functions needed t
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20 UMTS Networks Figure 2.4 General
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22 UMTS Networks Figure 2.5 3G netw
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24 UMTS Networks of services are mo
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26 UMTS Networks UTRAN has had the
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Part Two
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32 UMTS Networks Figure 3.1 Key cha
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34 UMTS Networks between the radio
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36 UMTS Networks Figure 3.5 Radio c
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38 UMTS Networks Figure 3.7 A simpl
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40 UMTS Networks Figure 3.10 Freque
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42 UMTS Networks Figure 3.13 Direct
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44 UMTS Networks according to the a
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46 UMTS Networks unfortunately the
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48 UMTS Networks (ATM) technology,
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50 UMTS Networks Figure 3.19 A simp
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52 UMTS Networks Figure 3.20 TMN py
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54 UMTS Networks Figure 3.21 Intera
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56 UMTS Networks 3.8.1 UMTS Spectru
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4 Overview of UMTS Radio Access Tec
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Overview of UMTS Radio Access Techn
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5 UMTS Radio Access Network Siamäk
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UMTS Radio Access Network 101 diffe
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UMTS Radio Access Network 103 Opera
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UMTS Radio Access Network 105 Figur
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UMTS Radio Access Network 109 The p
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UMTS Radio Access Network 113 5.3.1
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UMTS Radio Access Network 115 . Per
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UMTS Radio Access Network 117 Note
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UMTS Radio Access Network 119 mecha
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UMTS Radio Access Network 127 Toget
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UMTS Radio Access Network 139 messa
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6 UMTS Core Network Heikki Kaaranen
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UMTS Core Network 145 Figure 6.3 Co
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UMTS Core Network 147 Figure 6.5 Lo
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UMTS Core Network 149 Figure 6.6 UM
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UMTS Core Network 151 Figure 6.7 Ro
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UMTS Core Network 153 session contr
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UMTS Core Network 155 . Security: s
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UMTS Core Network 157 Figure 6.11 M
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UMTS Core Network 159 3. The home n
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UMTS Core Network 161 Figure 6.15 M
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UMTS Core Network 163 Figure 6.16 C
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UMTS Core Network 167 context of pa
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UMTS Core Network 169 Call control
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UMTS Core Network 171 Figure 6.23 R
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UMTS Core Network 173 concerning th
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Table 6.1 Charging options availabl
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Table 6.2 Charging mechanism and ty
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UMTS Core Network 181 In this secti
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UMTS Core Network 183 Figure 6.27 I
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UMTS Core Network 185 exists. This
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UMTS Core Network 187 6.6.1.2 Inter
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UMTS Core Network 189 different HSS
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UMTS Core Network 191 Figure 6.30 R
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UMTS Core Network 193 functionality
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7 The UMTS Terminal Lauri Laitinen
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The UMTS Terminal 197 Figure 7.1 Us
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The UMTS Terminal 199 Figure 7.2 Al
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The UMTS Terminal 201 location upda
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The UMTS Terminal 203 7.3 Terminal
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The UMTS Terminal 205 different ser
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8 Services in the UMTS Environment
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Services in the UMTS Environment 20
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254 UMTS Networks The chapter is or
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256 UMTS Networks . Keys used for r
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258 UMTS Networks Figure 9.3 User a
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260 UMTS Networks Figure 9.5 Authen
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262 UMTS Networks The mechanism wor
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264 UMTS Networks In principle, the
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266 UMTS Networks It is clear that
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268 UMTS Networks however, importan
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270 UMTS Networks (i.e., by ascerta
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272 UMTS Networks IPv4 IPSec can be
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274 UMTS Networks security gateways
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276 UMTS Networks Figure 9.13 IMS s
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278 UMTS Networks RFC (3310) has be
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280 UMTS Networks 9.4.4 AAA Mechani
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282 UMTS Networks Table 9.1 Items c
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Procedure Examples 385 Figure 11.26
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388 List of Abbreviations AUTN An a
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390 List of Abbreviations DQPSK Dif
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392 List of Abbreviations IMPU IP M
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394 List of Abbreviations OLPC Open
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396 List of Abbreviations RTS Reque
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398 List of Abbreviations UBR Unspe
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400 Bibliography 2. Other Literatur
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402 UMTS Networks Code (cont.) Mana
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404 UMTS Networks Node B Applicatio
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406 UMTS Networks EDGE technology 9
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