UMTS Networks : Architecture, Mobility and Services

Recommendations

Info

UMTS Protocols 305 Any transparent data transfer may use the CBR and the resources are allocated on a peak data rate basis. The UBR uses free bandwidth when available. If there are no resources available, queuing may occur. The ABR is used when the user service has a minimum bit rate defined. Otherwise, the bandwidth is used as in UBR. The VBR provides a variable bit rate based on statistical traffic management. The adaptation layers for ATM are as follows: . AAL1 offers synchronous mode, connection-oriented connection and constant bit rate for services requiring this kind of adaptation. . AAL2 offers synchronous mode, connection-oriented connection with variable bit rate for services using this adaptation. . AAL3/4 offers connectionless and asynchronous connection with a variable bit rate. . AAL5 offers asynchronous mode, connection-oriented connection with a variable bit rate. As shown in Figure 10.13, AAL is divided into two sublayers: the Convergence Sublayer (CS) and the Segmentation And Re-assembly (SAR) sublayer. The CS adapts AAL to upper protocol layers and the SAR sublayer splits the data to be transmitted into suitable payload pieces and, in the receiving direction, collects payload pieces and assembles them back to the original dataflow. Depending on the case, the CS may be divided further into smaller entities. From the point of view of the UMTS transport network, AAL2 and AAL5 are the most interesting alternatives. AAL2 is seen as a suitable option for CS user-plane connections and AAL5 is seen as suitable for control protocol exchange. A more detailed list of these AAL variants in different UTRAN protocol interfaces is given in Table 10.2. Within UTRAN the ATM adaptation layer AAL5 is used to carry all control protocols as well as the PS domain user data at the Iu interface. In contrast, AAL2 Figure 10.13 General structure of AAL
306 UMTS Networks Table 10.2 ATM adaptation layers used in UTRAN interfaces AAL5 Iu: CS C-plane, PS C/U-plane, internal C-plane of the transport network Iur: C-plane, internal C-plane of the transport network Iub: C-plane, internal C-plane of the transport network AAL2 Iu: CS U-plane Iur: U-plane Iub: U-plane C-plane ¼ Control plane; U-plane ¼ User plane. is used as the common carrier for user data in all interfaces, except the PS domain user data at the Iu interface. The sublayers of the AAL protocol stack in different UTRAN interfaces, as shown in Figure 10.8, are not described in detail here. The key observation in the selection of these convergence protocols is that, in all Release 99 control-plane protocols for the PS domain, convergence could already be accomplished in two alternative ways: either the convergence protocols specified by ITU-T for signalling transport over AAL5 were selected or IP-over-AAL5 was used. In addition, user-plane convergence for the PS domain at the Iu interface was already part of Release 99 and based on the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) over IP. In 3GPP Release 5 this led to even wider utilisation of IP-based transport in all UTRAN and CN interfaces, as described next. 10.3.3.2 IP Transport IP-based transport started to gain more momentum towards the end of the 3GPP R99 specification campaign. In order to create a basis for full-scale utilisation of IP internetworking technology as the common transport for the future evolution of UMTS networks, it became necessary to study the IP option for both signalling and user data transport in all UTRAN interfaces. Ever since 3GPP R5, user data can be transported across all UTRAN interfaces by using the IP protocol stack as well (see Figure 10.8). The common part of the IP stack used for user data transport is UDP/IP: on the Iub and Iur interfaces, radio frames are transported as plain UDP datagrams; on the Iu-PS interface, the tunnelling protocol (GTP-U) is used to carry user data packets; and on the Iu-CS interface, the Real Time Protocol (RTP) is used on top of UDP/IP to carry speech frames. 3GPP specifications for the UTRAN transport network require all UTRAN nodes to support IPv6. Support for IPv4 is optional and the specifications do not preclude implementation of just IPv4. However, in order to support the transition from IPv4 to IPv6, it is recommended to use dual-stack (IPv4 and IPv6) implementations in UTRAN nodes. Although 3GPP specifications do not mandate any single link layer protocol to be used in the IP transport network, there is a minimum requirement to support the Pointto-Point Protocol with High-level Data Link Control (HDLC) framing according to the Internet Engineering Task Force’s (IETF) Requests for Comments (RFCs) 1661 and 1662. Other data link protocols that fulfil the same requirements can also be used. One
Page 1 and 2:
www.dbeBooks.com - An Ebook Library
Page 4:
UMTS Networks
Page 7 and 8:
Copyright # 2005 John Wiley & Sons
Page 9 and 10:
vi Contents 3.3 Multi-access Techni
Page 11 and 12:
viii Contents 8.3.2 UMTS SIM Applic
Page 14 and 15:
Preface The world’s first public
Page 16 and 17:
Preface xiii What’s New in the Se
Page 18 and 19:
Acknowledgements While writing the
Page 20:
Part One
Page 23 and 24:
4 UMTS Networks Figure 1.1 Cellular
Page 25 and 26:
6 UMTS Networks UMTS standardisatio
Page 27 and 28:
8 UMTS Networks flows are expected
Page 29 and 30:
10 UMTS Networks Figure 1.3 UMTS ne
Page 31 and 32:
12 UMTS Networks Figure 1.4 UMTS ne
Page 33 and 34:
14 UMTS Networks Figure 1.5 Bearer
Page 35 and 36:
16 UMTS Networks 2.1 From Analogue
Page 37 and 38:
18 UMTS Networks functions needed t
Page 39 and 40:
20 UMTS Networks Figure 2.4 General
Page 41 and 42:
22 UMTS Networks Figure 2.5 3G netw
Page 43 and 44:
24 UMTS Networks of services are mo
Page 45 and 46:
26 UMTS Networks UTRAN has had the
Page 48:
Part Two
Page 51 and 52:
32 UMTS Networks Figure 3.1 Key cha
Page 53 and 54:
34 UMTS Networks between the radio
Page 55 and 56:
36 UMTS Networks Figure 3.5 Radio c
Page 57 and 58:
38 UMTS Networks Figure 3.7 A simpl
Page 59 and 60:
40 UMTS Networks Figure 3.10 Freque
Page 61 and 62:
42 UMTS Networks Figure 3.13 Direct
Page 63 and 64:
44 UMTS Networks according to the a
Page 65 and 66:
46 UMTS Networks unfortunately the
Page 67 and 68:
48 UMTS Networks (ATM) technology,
Page 69 and 70:
50 UMTS Networks Figure 3.19 A simp
Page 71 and 72:
52 UMTS Networks Figure 3.20 TMN py
Page 73 and 74:
54 UMTS Networks Figure 3.21 Intera
Page 75 and 76:
56 UMTS Networks 3.8.1 UMTS Spectru
Page 78 and 79:
4 Overview of UMTS Radio Access Tec
Page 80 and 81:
Overview of UMTS Radio Access Techn
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
Page 108 and 109:
Page 110 and 111:
Page 112 and 113:
Page 114 and 115:
Page 116 and 117:
Page 118 and 119:
5 UMTS Radio Access Network Siamäk
Page 120 and 121:
UMTS Radio Access Network 101 diffe
Page 122 and 123:
UMTS Radio Access Network 103 Opera
Page 124 and 125:
UMTS Radio Access Network 105 Figur
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
UMTS Radio Access Network 109 The p
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
UMTS Radio Access Network 113 5.3.1
Page 134 and 135:
UMTS Radio Access Network 115 . Per
Page 136 and 137:
UMTS Radio Access Network 117 Note
Page 138 and 139:
UMTS Radio Access Network 119 mecha
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
UMTS Radio Access Network 127 Toget
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
UMTS Radio Access Network 139 messa
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
6 UMTS Core Network Heikki Kaaranen
Page 164 and 165:
UMTS Core Network 145 Figure 6.3 Co
Page 166 and 167:
UMTS Core Network 147 Figure 6.5 Lo
Page 168 and 169:
UMTS Core Network 149 Figure 6.6 UM
Page 170 and 171:
UMTS Core Network 151 Figure 6.7 Ro
Page 172 and 173:
UMTS Core Network 153 session contr
Page 174 and 175:
UMTS Core Network 155 . Security: s
Page 176 and 177:
UMTS Core Network 157 Figure 6.11 M
Page 178 and 179:
UMTS Core Network 159 3. The home n
Page 180 and 181:
UMTS Core Network 161 Figure 6.15 M
Page 182 and 183:
UMTS Core Network 163 Figure 6.16 C
Page 184 and 185:
Page 186 and 187:
UMTS Core Network 167 context of pa
Page 188 and 189:
UMTS Core Network 169 Call control
Page 190 and 191:
UMTS Core Network 171 Figure 6.23 R
Page 192 and 193:
UMTS Core Network 173 concerning th
Page 194 and 195:
Page 196 and 197:
Table 6.1 Charging options availabl
Page 198 and 199:
Table 6.2 Charging mechanism and ty
Page 200 and 201:
UMTS Core Network 181 In this secti
Page 202 and 203:
UMTS Core Network 183 Figure 6.27 I
Page 204 and 205:
UMTS Core Network 185 exists. This
Page 206 and 207:
UMTS Core Network 187 6.6.1.2 Inter
Page 208 and 209:
UMTS Core Network 189 different HSS
Page 210 and 211:
UMTS Core Network 191 Figure 6.30 R
Page 212 and 213:
UMTS Core Network 193 functionality
Page 214 and 215:
7 The UMTS Terminal Lauri Laitinen
Page 216 and 217:
The UMTS Terminal 197 Figure 7.1 Us
Page 218 and 219:
The UMTS Terminal 199 Figure 7.2 Al
Page 220 and 221:
The UMTS Terminal 201 location upda
Page 222 and 223:
The UMTS Terminal 203 7.3 Terminal
Page 224 and 225:
The UMTS Terminal 205 different ser
Page 226 and 227:
8 Services in the UMTS Environment
Page 228 and 229:
Services in the UMTS Environment 20
Page 230 and 231:
Page 232 and 233:
Page 234 and 235:
Page 236 and 237:
Page 238 and 239:
Page 240 and 241:
Page 242 and 243:
Page 244 and 245:
Page 246 and 247:
Page 248 and 249:
Page 250 and 251:
Page 252 and 253:
Page 254 and 255:
Page 256 and 257:
Page 258 and 259:
Page 260 and 261:
Page 262 and 263:
Page 264 and 265:
Page 266 and 267:
Page 268 and 269:
Page 270:
Page 273 and 274: 254 UMTS Networks The chapter is or
Page 275 and 276: 256 UMTS Networks . Keys used for r
Page 277 and 278: 258 UMTS Networks Figure 9.3 User a
Page 279 and 280: 260 UMTS Networks Figure 9.5 Authen
Page 281 and 282: 262 UMTS Networks The mechanism wor
Page 283 and 284: 264 UMTS Networks In principle, the
Page 285 and 286: 266 UMTS Networks It is clear that
Page 287 and 288: 268 UMTS Networks however, importan
Page 289 and 290: 270 UMTS Networks (i.e., by ascerta
Page 291 and 292: 272 UMTS Networks IPv4 IPSec can be
Page 293 and 294: 274 UMTS Networks security gateways
Page 295 and 296: 276 UMTS Networks Figure 9.13 IMS s
Page 297 and 298: 278 UMTS Networks RFC (3310) has be
Page 299 and 300: 280 UMTS Networks 9.4.4 AAA Mechani
Page 301 and 302: 282 UMTS Networks Table 9.1 Items c
Page 304: Part Three
Page 307 and 308: 288 UMTS Networks fundamental diffe
Page 309 and 310: 290 UMTS Networks Figure 10.2 Gener
Page 311 and 312: 292 UMTS Networks Figure 10.3 UMTS
Page 313 and 314: 294 UMTS Networks of PS services mo
Page 315 and 316: 296 UMTS Networks Figure 10.4 UMTS
Page 317 and 318: 298 UMTS Networks (a) (b) Figure 10
Page 319 and 320: 300 UMTS Networks Table 10.1 Transp
Page 321 and 322: (a) (b) Figure 10.8 Protocol stacks
Page 323: 304 UMTS Networks would be, say, be
Page 327 and 328: 308 UMTS Networks The purpose of th
Page 329 and 330: 310 UMTS Networks Figure 10.15 Tran
Page 333 and 334: 314 UMTS Networks padding bits. Pad
Page 335 and 336: 316 UMTS Networks GTP-U is a transp
Page 337 and 338: 318 UMTS Networks 10.4 Radio Networ
Page 343 and 344: 324 UMTS Networks allow the RNC to
Page 345 and 346: 326 UMTS Networks reconfiguration a
Page 347 and 348: 328 UMTS Networks satisfy these req
Page 349 and 350: 330 UMTS Networks Figure 10.29 Fram
Page 351 and 352: 332 UMTS Networks MM connection pro
Page 355 and 356: 336 UMTS Networks 10.5.1.3 Call Con
Page 357 and 358: 338 UMTS Networks 10.5.1.2). After
Page 363 and 364: Figure 10.38 User-plane protocol st
Page 365 and 366: Table 6.3 Summary of IMS reference
Page 367 and 368: 348 UMTS Networks Figure 10.39 Diam
Page 370 and 371: 11 Procedure Examples Heikki Kaaran
Page 372 and 373: Procedure Examples 353 After these
Page 374 and 375:
Procedure Examples 355 request sent
Page 376 and 377:
Procedure Examples 357 Figure 11.5
Page 378 and 379:
Procedure Examples 359 the QoS requ
Page 380 and 381:
Page 382 and 383:
Page 384 and 385:
Page 386 and 387:
Procedure Examples 367 the SRNC dis
Page 388 and 389:
Procedure Examples 369 updates the
Page 390 and 391:
Procedure Examples 371 As an acknow
Page 392 and 393:
Procedure Examples 373 11.3.2 URA U
Page 394 and 395:
Page 396 and 397:
Page 398 and 399:
Procedure Examples 379 described ea
Page 400 and 401:
Page 402 and 403:
Procedure Examples 383 11.6.2 IMS S
Page 404:
Page 407 and 408:
388 List of Abbreviations AUTN An a
Page 409 and 410:
390 List of Abbreviations DQPSK Dif
Page 411 and 412:
392 List of Abbreviations IMPU IP M
Page 413 and 414:
394 List of Abbreviations OLPC Open
Page 415 and 416:
396 List of Abbreviations RTS Reque
Page 417 and 418:
398 List of Abbreviations UBR Unspe
Page 419 and 420:
400 Bibliography 2. Other Literatur
Page 421 and 422:
402 UMTS Networks Code (cont.) Mana
Page 423 and 424:
404 UMTS Networks Node B Applicatio
Page 425:
406 UMTS Networks EDGE technology 9
show all

UMTS Networks : Architecture, Mobility and Services

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?