UMTS Networks : Architecture, Mobility and Services

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Security in the UMTS Environment 267 Figure 9.9 UMTS access security summary
268 UMTS Networks however, important features in the network that can only be based on the value of the IMEI (e.g., it is possible to make emergency calls with a terminal without a SIM card). The only identification method in this case is to require the terminal to provide its IMEI. This feature has been carried over to the UMTS system as well. There are no mechanisms in either the GSM or UMTS to actually authenticate the provided IMEI. So, protection methods for IMEI have to be based solely at the terminal end: it must be made difficult to modify the terminal in such a way that it provides an incorrect IMEI when requested by the network. 9.2.3 Security for Location Services (LCSs) User location information is clearly sensitive. People are not comfortable with the idea of their whereabouts being tracked at any time. Security mechanisms have been defined to protect against leakage of location information to unauthorised parties. The privacy profile concept plays a central role here: users must have control over who knows their whereabouts. 9.2.4 User-to-USIM Authentication This is another feature that has been carried over from the GSM to UMTS. It is based on a PIN known only to the user and the USIM. The user has to give the correct (4–8digit-long) PIN to the USIM before further access to the USIM is granted. 9.2.5 Security in Universal Subscriber Identity Module (USIM) Application Toolkit Similarly to what happens in the GSM, it is possible to build applications that are executed in the USIM. This feature is called a (U)SIM Application Toolkit. Part of the concept concerns the possibility for the home operator to send messages directly to the USIM. A further part specifies the kind of protection that can be provided for message transfer. Many details about protection mechanisms are implementation-specific. 9.3 Security Aspects at the System and Network Level In this section we briefly discuss potential security threats at the network level and how to protect against them. The aim is to provide confidentiality and integrity protection for communication between different network elements. These elements can belong either to the same network or to two different networks. Especially in the latter case, fully standardised security solutions are needed to ensure interoperability. In the 3G business chain there are four parties involved: ‘‘subscriber’’, ‘‘carrier provider’’, ‘‘service provider’’ and ‘‘content provider’’ (Figure 9.10). When considering a service the subscriber uses and is charged for, we can see that every party in this chain
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UMTS Networks
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Copyright # 2005 John Wiley & Sons
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vi Contents 3.3 Multi-access Techni
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viii Contents 8.3.2 UMTS SIM Applic
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Preface The world’s first public
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Preface xiii What’s New in the Se
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Acknowledgements While writing the
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Part One
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4 UMTS Networks Figure 1.1 Cellular
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6 UMTS Networks UMTS standardisatio
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8 UMTS Networks flows are expected
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10 UMTS Networks Figure 1.3 UMTS ne
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12 UMTS Networks Figure 1.4 UMTS ne
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14 UMTS Networks Figure 1.5 Bearer
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16 UMTS Networks 2.1 From Analogue
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18 UMTS Networks functions needed t
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20 UMTS Networks Figure 2.4 General
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22 UMTS Networks Figure 2.5 3G netw
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24 UMTS Networks of services are mo
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26 UMTS Networks UTRAN has had the
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Part Two
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32 UMTS Networks Figure 3.1 Key cha
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34 UMTS Networks between the radio
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36 UMTS Networks Figure 3.5 Radio c
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38 UMTS Networks Figure 3.7 A simpl
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40 UMTS Networks Figure 3.10 Freque
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42 UMTS Networks Figure 3.13 Direct
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44 UMTS Networks according to the a
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46 UMTS Networks unfortunately the
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48 UMTS Networks (ATM) technology,
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50 UMTS Networks Figure 3.19 A simp
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52 UMTS Networks Figure 3.20 TMN py
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54 UMTS Networks Figure 3.21 Intera
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56 UMTS Networks 3.8.1 UMTS Spectru
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4 Overview of UMTS Radio Access Tec
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Overview of UMTS Radio Access Techn
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5 UMTS Radio Access Network Siamäk
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UMTS Radio Access Network 101 diffe
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UMTS Radio Access Network 103 Opera
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UMTS Radio Access Network 105 Figur
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UMTS Radio Access Network 109 The p
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UMTS Radio Access Network 113 5.3.1
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UMTS Radio Access Network 115 . Per
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UMTS Radio Access Network 117 Note
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UMTS Radio Access Network 119 mecha
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UMTS Radio Access Network 127 Toget
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UMTS Radio Access Network 139 messa
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6 UMTS Core Network Heikki Kaaranen
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UMTS Core Network 145 Figure 6.3 Co
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UMTS Core Network 147 Figure 6.5 Lo
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UMTS Core Network 149 Figure 6.6 UM
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UMTS Core Network 151 Figure 6.7 Ro
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UMTS Core Network 153 session contr
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UMTS Core Network 155 . Security: s
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UMTS Core Network 157 Figure 6.11 M
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UMTS Core Network 159 3. The home n
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UMTS Core Network 161 Figure 6.15 M
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UMTS Core Network 163 Figure 6.16 C
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UMTS Core Network 167 context of pa
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UMTS Core Network 169 Call control
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UMTS Core Network 171 Figure 6.23 R
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UMTS Core Network 173 concerning th
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Table 6.1 Charging options availabl
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Table 6.2 Charging mechanism and ty
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UMTS Core Network 181 In this secti
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UMTS Core Network 183 Figure 6.27 I
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UMTS Core Network 185 exists. This
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UMTS Core Network 187 6.6.1.2 Inter
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UMTS Core Network 189 different HSS
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UMTS Core Network 191 Figure 6.30 R
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UMTS Core Network 193 functionality
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7 The UMTS Terminal Lauri Laitinen
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The UMTS Terminal 197 Figure 7.1 Us
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The UMTS Terminal 199 Figure 7.2 Al
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The UMTS Terminal 201 location upda
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The UMTS Terminal 203 7.3 Terminal
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The UMTS Terminal 205 different ser
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8 Services in the UMTS Environment
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Services in the UMTS Environment 20
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318 UMTS Networks 10.4 Radio Networ
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320 UMTS Networks (a) (b) Figure 10
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324 UMTS Networks allow the RNC to
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326 UMTS Networks reconfiguration a
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328 UMTS Networks satisfy these req
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330 UMTS Networks Figure 10.29 Fram
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332 UMTS Networks MM connection pro
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336 UMTS Networks 10.5.1.3 Call Con
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338 UMTS Networks 10.5.1.2). After
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Figure 10.38 User-plane protocol st
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Table 6.3 Summary of IMS reference
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348 UMTS Networks Figure 10.39 Diam
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11 Procedure Examples Heikki Kaaran
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Procedure Examples 353 After these
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Procedure Examples 355 request sent
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Procedure Examples 357 Figure 11.5
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Procedure Examples 359 the QoS requ
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Procedure Examples 367 the SRNC dis
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Procedure Examples 369 updates the
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Procedure Examples 371 As an acknow
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Procedure Examples 373 11.3.2 URA U
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Procedure Examples 379 described ea
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Procedure Examples 383 11.6.2 IMS S
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388 List of Abbreviations AUTN An a
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390 List of Abbreviations DQPSK Dif
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392 List of Abbreviations IMPU IP M
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394 List of Abbreviations OLPC Open
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396 List of Abbreviations RTS Reque
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398 List of Abbreviations UBR Unspe
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400 Bibliography 2. Other Literatur
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402 UMTS Networks Code (cont.) Mana
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404 UMTS Networks Node B Applicatio
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406 UMTS Networks EDGE technology 9
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