Chemistry Notebook Salazar

The Learning Goal for this assignment is:
The students will learn how the interactions between water molecules account for the
unique properties of water and how aqueous solutions form.
Take note over the following chapter. Use the Headings provided to organize your notes. Define and number all highlighted vocabulary (total 22 ) as well
as summarize and take notes over the sections. You may add pictures where needed. The pictures should be an appropriate size. Use Arial 12 for all
text. This document should be 2 pages and should be saved as a pdf before you submit it into Angel.
Chapter 15 Water and Aqueous Systems
Pages 488 - 507
15.1 Water and Its Properties
Water in the Liquid State
Surface Tension: An inward force that tends to minimize the surface area of a liquid; it
causes the surface to behave as if it were a thin skin
Surfactant: Any substance that interferes with the hydrogen bonding between
water molecules and thereby reduces surface tension; soaps are surfactants
Nothing could live without water or share space without it.
Water not only covers the oceans, it is also found deep
underground, and has many forms, such as water (the liquid state),
ice (solid), and water vapor (gas)
Water is held together through the covalent bonding of one (1) Oxygen atom, and two (2)
Hydrogen atoms.
Water (H2O) is a polar molecule, and is incredibly remarkable due to its shape
Hydrogen bonds are attractive forces that arise when a hydrogen atom is covalently bonded to
a very electronegative atom and also weakly bonded to an unshared electron pair of another
electronegative atom.
Many unique and important properties of water-including its high surface tension, low vapor
pressure, and high boiling point-result from hydrogen bonding.
They surface of a water acts like a skin, and has a higher surface tension
Connection:
Water in the Solid State
The structure of ice is a regular open framework of water molecules in a
hexagonal arrangement.
Ice’s ability to float has the ability to leave it at the top layer of the ocean,
for example.
Since ice floats, water acts as an insulator for the water beneath,
preventing the water to freeze below unless under extreme conditions.
Connection: This is like gelatin and popsicles, since they can melt and change their states from
solid to liquid, and undergo a change in their structure, since solids are more compact.
15.2 Homogeneous Aqueous Systems
Solutions
Aqueous Solution: Water that contains dissolved solutions
Solvent: The dissolving medium in a solution
Solute: Dissolved particles in a solution
Solvation: A process that occurs when an ionic solute dissolves; in solution, solvent molecules
surround the positive and negative ions.
Water dissolves most solutions, that means that water is typically never pure, as it is
contaminated.
The solubility of the compounds is dependent on the bonds that the solute has
Solutions are stable, homogeneous mixtures.
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