CSG-Renewable_Topolog_RomaniaPDD_EN

www.csgstandard.com 

www.zeroco2.cc 

Topolog Wind Power Project in Romania 

by E.K.W.Energy.S.R.L 

PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT 

1



CONTENTS 

1. General description of the Project Activity 

2. Application of a baseline and monitoring methodology 

3. Duration of the Project Activity / crediting period 

4. Environmental impacts 

5. Stakeholders’ comments 

ANNEXES 

Annex 1: Contact information for participants in the Project Activity 

Annex 2: Baseline information 

Annex 3: Monitoring information 

Annex 4: Technical specifications of the installed units 

Annex 5: Legal statement 

2



1. General description of the Project Activity 

1.1. Title of the Project Activity 

Topolog Wind Power Project in Romania by E.K.W.ENERGY.S.R.L 

1.2. CSG Standard and selected methodology versions 

Type 

Version 

Standard CSG Standard version 1.0 

Methodology Renewable energy methodology version 1.0 

1.3. Description of the Project Activity 

Topolog Wind Power Project in Romania by E.K.W. ENERGY.S.R.L (the Project Activity) is 

developed by E.K.W. ENERGY.S.R.L (the Project Owner) and is located in Romania. The purpose of the 

Project Activity is to generate electricity through using wind resources. 

The Project Activity started in 2011. The electricity generated by the Project Activity is fed into 

the Romanian Electricity Grid (REG). The proposed project consisted of the installation of one wind 

turbine in Fagarasul Nou, Tolopog village, Tulcea County. The crediting period for this Project Activity 

starts in 2011. 

Romania has a great potential regarding wind power. Romania has about 23 TWh/y power 

generation potential using wind farms only 1 . At the end of the 2012 only 10% of the total potential 

have been reached. The best areas for this type of electricity are found in the provinces of Moldavia 

and Dobrogea. For this reason the Project Activity is located in Dobrogea. 

The wind power plant capacity is 600kW and the net annual electricity delivered to REG is 927 

MWh/y. According to the calculations of the CSG’s “Renewable Energy methodology” (see section 

1.2.) it will achieve a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of approximately 594 tCO 2 per year (See 

table 2). 

Technical information 

Wind is a form of solar energy and is a result of the uneven heating of the atmosphere by the 

sun, the irregularities of the Earth’s surface, and the rotation of the Earth. 

The term wind energy describes the process by which the wind is used to generate 

mechanical power or electricity. Wind turbines operate on a simple principle. Wind turbines convert 

the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical power. In this case, a generator converts the 

1 EWEA (February 2014). "Wind in power: 2013 European statistics". European Wind Energy Association. 

Retrieved 2014-11-05. 

3



mechanical power into electricity. Therefore the wind turns the blades, which spin a shaft, which 

connects to a generator and makes electricity. 

Wind turbines can be used to produce electricity for a single home or building, but in the 

case of the Project Activity the wind turbine is connected to the Romanian National Grid (REG), and 

the generated power is used for a more widespread electricity distribution. 

The Project Activity is based on only one wind turbine, which is producing electricity since 

2011. The wind turbine has a 61.5 m height from the ground. The land where the project it’s located 

is owned by EKW ENERGY.S.R.L. 

Baseline scenario 

The scenario existing prior to starting the implementation of the Project Activity is that the 

electricity is supplied by the REG where power generation is dominated by fossil fuel power plants. 

The project scenario is the activity of one wind turbine. The Project Activity started in 2011 

and in the first year it supplied more than 800 MWh to the REG. During the first 4 years of the 

activity the project fed 3709 MWh into REG and replace the same amount of electricity generated by 

power plants connected to the REG. 

The baseline scenario identified in Section 2.4 is the same as the scenario existing prior to 

starting the implementation of the Project Activity. Namely, the equivalent amount of electricity 

would have been supplied to the REG by grid-connected power plants in the absence of the Project 

Activity. 

The Project Activity generates electricity by utilizing renewable resources. The electricity with 

zero emission from the Project Activity is delivered to the REG to replace an equivalent amount of 

electricity that would have been generated by the REG where it is dominated by fossil fuel power 

plants (as shown in Table 12). Thus, the Project Activity will reduce greenhouse gas emissions versus 

the baseline scenario where the greenhouse gas emission sources are described in Section 2. 

The net annual electricity delivered to the REG is estimated to be about 927 MWh per year. 

Accordingly, it will achieve an average reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of 594 tCO 2 e per year 

during the crediting period (see Section 2). 

Details on the specifics of the installed systems can be found in Annex 4. 

Sustainable Development 

The Project Activity will supply clean energy through utilizing renewable energy resources. The 

implementation of the Project Activity will contribute to improving the environment while 

4



developing the local economy. The proposed Project Activity will contribute to sustainable 

development in the following ways: 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Reduce the exploitation of fossil fuels by supplying renewable energy to improve the existing 

energy consumption model which relies on fossil fuels; also, it will improve energy security; 

Reduce the emissions of pollutants associated with the operation of fossil fuel thermal power 

plants, including SO 2 , NO x and dust in the baseline/business-as-usual scenario, thus 

improving the local environment; 

Reduce GHG emissions compared to the baseline/business-as-usual scenario; 

Facilitate the commercialisation of grid-connected solar power technologies and markets; 

Promote local economic development by creating local employment opportunities; 

It contributes to reaching the Romanian target for energy production from renewable 

sources. 

With the development of the proposed Project Activity, there will be a real and measurable 

contribution to the sustainable development of Romania in the following aspects: 

 

The Project Activity is in compliance with all national and local environmental initiatives: 

o 

o 

o 

o 

The project activity supports the objectives from Local Agenda 21 –sustainable 

development plan of Tulcea County. (Plan’s object: gaining new investments for the 

exploring the renewable energy sources); 

The Project Activity is in compliance with all quality requirements established in the 

Law 23/2014 for approving OUG 57/2013 concerning changing and completing the 

Law no 220/2008 for establishing the promotion of the system for producing energy 

from renewable energy resources.; 

The proposed Project Activity will produce renewable energy at a production price 

that is independent from worldwide market fluctuations and risks of fossil fuels; 

Having an operative, affordable, reliable and financially stable national energy 

production matrix is essential for any economic development in any country. Based 

on a reliable national energy generation matrix, stable supply and affordable energy 

prices, companies can feel more confident and secure with regards to their 

investments, especially in the production or energy-intensive sectors. 

5



 

Job creation: 

o 

During the Project Activity, around 4 jobs were created, that were related to the 

security system and the maintenance procedures. During the implementation of the 

project, were created around 20 temporary jobs that were related to the design of 

the project and the arrangement and construction works (workers in charge with the 

technical execution, site master, technical designer, concrete workers, weld workers, 

technical climbers, drivers and other workers). 

If the Project Activity would be expanded during the crediting period, then is 

expected to create more jobs. 

Environmental impact: 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

All electricity generated by the proposed Project Activity is delivered to the national 

electricity grid and will replace electricity that has some GHG emissions associated 

with it, to be proven by the emission factor calculations later on. Basically, the 

Project Activity consists of a wind turbine that captures the energy of moving air and 

convert it to electricity. No by-products are produced during the operation of the 

Project Activity; 

Harnessing power from the wind is a clean and sustainable way to generate 

electricity as it produces no toxic pollution or global warming emissions. Wind is also 

abundant, and inexhaustible; 

The Project Activity requires essentially no water to operate and thus do not pollute 

water resources or strain supply by competing with agriculture, drinking water 

systems, or other important water needs; 

The environmental impact, compared to fossil fuels plants that produce the same 

amount of electric energy, is negligible; 

Generating electricity from renewable resources rather than fossil fuels offers 

significant public health benefits and it reduces overall healthcare costs. 

1.4. Project participants 

The project is developed by as the principle project owner. 

Table 1. Project participants 

Country 

Romania 

United Kingdom 

Private and/or public entity project participants 

E.K.W.Energy.S.R.L 

Carbon Solutions Global Ltd. 

6



See Annex 1 for more details. 

1.5. Technical description of the Project Activity 

1.5.1. Location of the Project Activity 

Romania 

Country(ies) 2 

Region / State / Province 

Faragasul Nou Village, Topolog District 

City / Town / Community 

Tulcea County 

Details of physical location, including information allowing the unique identification of 

this Project Activity 

The proposed Project Activity takes place in only one location: Faragasul Nou Village, Topolog 

District, Tulcea County. This location is placed in province of Dobrogea. 

*Coordinates: Latitude: 44° 85' 8.226", Longitude: 28° 27' 5.375" 

1.5.2. Category(ies) of Project Activity 3 

The Project Activity falls into: 

Scope 1 

 

 

Sectorial scope: Energy industries (renewable/non-renewable sources) 

Project Activity: Renewable power generation 

2 

3 

“Host Party(ies)” in original CDM PDD template 

https://cdm.unfccc.int/DOE/scopelst.pdf 

7



1.5.3. Technology to be employed in the Project Activity 

Scenario existing prior to the Project Activity 

According to the National Regulatory Authority for Energy in 2012, fossil fuels represented 

53% of the Romanian energy consumption mix used for electricity generation, followed by nuclear 

(20%), hydroelectric (23%) and other renewables (4%). 

Energy supply existing prior to starting the implementation of the Project Activity is provided 

by the REG, which is dominated by fossil fuels power plants. Obviously, it is not likely that such an 

electricity supply model will change significantly in the short term. In the absence of the Project 

Activity, the electricity generated by the Project Activity would have been provided by the REG 

though either expanding the existing capacity of fossil fuel thermal power plants or installing new 

fossil fuel thermal power generation units. Thus, the baseline scenario is the same as the scenario 

existing prior to starting the implementation of the Project Activity, namely, the equivalent amount 

of electricity is provided by power plants connected to the REG. 

Project scenario 

The purpose of the proposed project is to generate zero-emission electricity and fed into 

REG. The project scenario is the installation and operation of one wind turbine, which will supply an 

average annual 927 MWh/year to the REG and replace the same amount of electricity generated by 

power plants connected to the REG. 

1.5.4. Estimated amount of emission reductions over the chosen crediting period 

Expected annual emission reductions are as follows: 

Table2. Estimated annual emission reductions 

Years 

Annual estimation of emission reductions in 

tonnes of CO 2 e 

2011 516 

2012 619 

2013 714.5 

2014 526.4 

2015 594 

2016 594 

2017 594 

2018 594 

2019 594 

2020 594 

8



Total estimated emission reductions (in tonnes 5939.9 

of CO2e) 

Total number of crediting years 10 

1.5.5. Public funding of the Project Activity 

No public funding is considered for the Project Activity. 

2. Application of a baseline and monitoring methodology 

2.1. Title and reference of the approved baseline methodology applied to the Project 

Activity 

The emission reductions are calculated based on CSG Standard’s “Solar, wind and hydro-power 

energy-based grid-attachable electricity production methodology” Based on the above-mentioned 

methodology, the following details have been calculated: 

 

 

 

Initial emission reductions; 

Emission factor; 

Estimated annual emission reduction. 

2.2. Justification for choosing the methodology and why it is applicable to the Project 

Activity 

The “Renewable Energy methodology” is applicable to the proposed Project Activity, since all 

power generation units will be connected to the electric power grid where there was no wind gridattachable 

electricity production unit before the realization of the project. 

Also the methodology doesn’t have special criteria regarding the project’s size, therefore it is 

applicable also to small projects. This project is based on a single wind turbine operation, therefore 

the “Solar, wind and hydro-power energy-based grid-attachable electricity production methodology 

(Renewable Energy methodology)” is the best way to promote and develop small project that can 

have local and national impact. 

Table 3. Methodology criteria and applicability 

Criteria Applicability Conclusion 

The methodology is applicable in the case The proposed Project Activity generates OK 

of renewable energy-based power plants electricity through utilizing wind 

resources. 

Power plants shall be connected to the 

power grid 

Units are connected to the REG. 

OK 

The methodology is applicable to the 

following project types: 

building a new power plant (where 

there was no grid-attachable 

electricity production unit before 

the realization of the project); 

The proposed Project Activity will take 

place only in locations where there was 

no wind grid-attachable electricity 

production unit before the realization of 

the project. 

OK 

9



 

 

 

expanding a power plant or power 

stations, or increasing 

performance; 

reconstruction of existing power 

plants; 

An existing project with less than 

five years of activity. 

2.3. Description of how the sources and gases are included in the project boundary 

The following table shows which source of emissions and gases are included in the project 

boundary for the purpose of calculations project emissions and baseline emissions: 

Table 4. Sources of emissions 

Source Gas Included? 

Emissions from electricity generation in fossil fuel power plants that CO 2 

Yes 

are displaced thanks to the Project Activity. 

CH 4 

No 

N 2 O 

No 

For geothermal power plants, fugitive emissions of CH 4 and CO 2 from CO 2 

No 

non-condensable gases contained in geothermal steams. 

CH 4 

No 

N 2 O 

No 

CO 2 emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels for electricity CO 2 

No 

generation in wind power plant and geothermal power plants. CH 4 

No 

N 2 O 

No 

For hydro-power plants, emissions of CH 4 from the reservoir. CO 2 No 

CH 4 

No 

N 2 O 

No 

2.4. Description of how the baseline scenario is identified and description of the 

identified baseline scenario 

Baseline emissions include only CO 2 emissions from electricity generation in fossil fuel power 

plants and plants that use renewable resources, which are displaced thanks to the Project Activity. 

Thus, the implementation of the Project Activity contributes to the decreasing greenhouse gas 

emissions in the electricity mix of Romania, due to its activity that will displace some of the thermal 

energy sources of the national grid. 

10



2.5. Description of how the anthropogenic emissions of GHG by sources are reduced 

below those that would have occurred in the absence of the registered CDM 

Project Activity (assessment and demonstration of additionality) 

According to CSG Standard version 2.1, from the three additional requirements (legal, 

environmental and financial) at least two shall be met by every CSG project. The proposed Project 

Activity met the criteria of legal and environmental requirement as demonstrated below. (See table 

5) *financial requirement was not assessed. 

Table 5. Additionality criteria 

Additionality criteria 

Legal 

Financial 

Environmental 

Conclusion 

OK 

Not applicable 

OK 

LEGAL ADDITIONALITY 

The proposed Project Activity is not realized with the purpose of fulfilling legal obligations or 

industrial standards that Project Participants are subject to. 

Romania’s strategic priorities in the energy sector are incorporated into the Act on Electrical 

Energy Law 127/2014. This law governs the energy market in Romania and provides the legal basis of 

operation for distribution companies. Also, Law 23/2014 for approving OUG 57/2013 concerning 

changing and completing the Law no 220/2008 for establishing the promotion of the system for 

producing energy from renewable energy resources, provides the necessary legal framework for all 

renewable energy generation and distribution activities in the country. 

The proposed Project Activity is in compliance with all the dispositions of this law. 

FINANCIAL ADDITIONALITY 

Not applicable. 

ENVIRONMENTAL ADDITIONALITY 

Electricity delivered to the grid by the Project Activity would have otherwise been generated 

by the operation of grid-connected power plants. The methodology states that total emission 

reductions will be the difference between baseline emissions and project emissions. As mentioned 

before, a wind power plant project has no emissions to be calculated, so total emission reductions 

will be the baseline emissions. 

11



SUPPORTED ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVITIES 

CSG Standard version 1.0 requires that “In the event that a project does not meet the 

requirement of financial additionality, the project developer must use at least 70 percent of the 

proceeds from the sale of credits to finance environmental protection activities. Environmental 

protection activities are those with the aim to preserve or restore environmental media (i.e. air, 

groundwater, surface water, soil and biota) through preventing the emission of pollutants or 

reducing the presence of polluting substances in the environment.” 

70% of the income generated by the proposed Project Activity will support the following activities: 

 

 

 

raise awareness of climate change through promoting wind turbine and the renewable 

resources; 

support community and municipal energy efficiency programmes; 

Reforestation of the area affected by climate change in Romania. 

2.6. Emission reductions 

2.6.1. Explanation of methodological choices 

According to the CSG Standard’s “Solar, wind and hydro-power energy-based grid-attachable 

electricity production methodology” version 2.1, the following procedure shall be used: 

Physical boundaries 

Since the project contains only renewable energy-based power plants and all power plants 

are connected to the public grid, the electricity system of the whole country should form the basis of 

calculating the emission factor. 

Calculating baseline emission reductions 

Baseline emission reduction is the amount of carbon-dioxide that will not get into the 

atmosphere on a yearly basis due to the utilization of the newly built power plant. Its unit is t CO 2 /y. 

Annual emission reductions can be calculated by multiplying the electrical power generated by the 

solar panel system in kWh by the emission factor of the electrical grid. The calculation is made 

according to Equation 1: 

where: 

BE = EG * EF CO2 

Equation 1 

 

 

BE: baseline yearly CO 2 savings [tCO 2 e/y]; 

EG: energy produced by a renewable energy-based power plant [MWh/y]; and 

12



 

EF CO2 : network emission factor [tCO 2 e/MWh]. 

Determining the emission factor 

The electrical power produced from renewable energy sources will reduce production in fossil 

power plants, since these power plants are the ones that are adjusted to load demands on the 

electrical power grid. It is because the electricity generated from renewable energy sources does not 

affect: 

 

 

The production of nuclear power plants, because these power plants are always operated at 

the maximum capacity allowed by technical facilities, therefore they are never adjusted to 

load demands on an electrical power grid; 

Small power plant production, since most of these are subject to mandatory takeover, thus 

they do not participate in the load distribution of the system. For purposes of emission factor 

calculation, it is important to use the most up-to-date data from the current year, or if not 

available then from the previous year. Data older than one year can’t be used for calculation. 

Electricity import is not covered, since it would make the monitoring procedures much 

more complicated, without significantly improving the accuracy of the calculation. 

The calculation of the emission factor is based on Equation 2 of the methodology: 

Equation 2 

Where: 

EF CO2 : network emission factor [tCO 2 e/MWh]; 

FC i;m : “i” type fuel quantity used by “m” power plant for the given year *m 3 /y or kg/y]; 

NCV i : calorific value of “i” type fuel *MJ/m 3 or MJ/kg]; 

EF i : emission factor of “i” type fuel *tCO 2 e/MJ]. 

EG m : electrical power fed into the grid by “m” fossil-fuel power plant [MWh/y] 

13



The 0.8 multiplier is necessary because the whole fuel consumption and thus part of its 

carbon emissions is turned into the production of heat generated by power plants. The emission 

associated with the production of this heat is 20%, according to the most recent data (from 2012). 

The Romanian Energy Regulatory Authority (ANRE) does not report the fuel type and 

quantity used by specific power plants, only the total energetic value of the different fuels used in 

the whole electricity sector in a given year. Thus Equation 2 reduces to: 

Where 

Equation 3 

FCE i : total energy value of “i” type of energy resource used in the national electricity generation 

industry for the given year [TJ/y]; 

EGF i : electrical power fed into the grid by using “i” type fossil fuel for the given year [MWh/y]. 

Emission reductions 

According to the CSG Standard’s “Solar, wind and hydro-power energy-based grid-attachable 

electricity production methodology” version 2.1, the following formula shall be used to calculate 

emission reductions thanks to the Project Activity: 

Where: 

ER: annual emission reductions; [tCO 2 e/y]; 

BE: baseline emissions [tCO 2 e/y]; 

ER = BE - PE 

Equation 4 

PE: GHG emissions from fossil fuel consumption [tCO 2 e/y]. 

2.6.2. Data and parameters that are available at the validation stage 

Table 6. EGF i 

Data / Parameter: 

EGF i 

Data unit: 

MWh/y 

Description: 

Annual net energy delivered to the Romanian 

Electricity Grid by using “i” type fossil fuel 

Source of data used: 

Romanian Energy Regulatory Authority (ANRE) 

Value applied: Details in Annex 2 

14



Justification for choosing source of data or 

description of measurement methods and 

procedures actually applied: 

Any comment: 

The information is official and publicly available 

Official data 

Table 7. FCE i 


FCE i 

Data unit: 

TJ/y 

Description: 

Total energy value of “i” type of energy resource 

used in the Romanian electricity generation 

industry for the given year 


Romanian Energy Regulatory Authority (ANRE) 


Justification for choosing source of data or The information is official and publicly available 



Any comment: 

Official data 

Table 8. EF i 


EF i 

Data unit: 

tCO 2 e/TJ 

Description: 

Emission factor of “i” type fuel 


The Romanian National Institute of Statistics 


Justification for choosing source of data or The information is official and publicly available 



Any comment: 

Official data 

2.6.3. Ex-ante calculation of emission reductions 

Emission factor 

The emission factor (EF CO2 ) for the proposed Project Activity is calculated as the formula (3): 

EF CO2 = 0.640tCO 2 e/kWh 

Baseline emissions 

Baseline emission (BE) for the proposed Project Activity is calculated as the formula (1): 

BE 2011 = 0.640 × 805.6 = 516.3 tCO 2 e/y; 

BE 2012 = 0.640 × 966.5 = 619.4 tCO 2 e/y; 

BE 2013 = 0.640 × 1114.8 = 714.5 tCO 2 e/y; 

BE 2014 = 0.640 × 821.2 = 526.4 tCO 2 e/y; 

15



Average baseline emissions is calculated based on existing data for the first 4 years of the crediting 

period (the quantity of energy produced by the wind turbine and delivered to REG): 

BE average (2011-2020) = 0.640 × 927=594.2 tCO 2 e/y. 

Project emissions 

Since no fossil fuel is consumed during the operation of the wind power plant, project emission (PE) 

is zero: 

PE = 0. 

Emission reductions 

Emission Reductions (ER) for the proposed Project Activity is calculated as the equation (4): 

ER 2011 = 516.3 - 0 = 516.3 tCO 2 e/y; 

ER 2012 = 619.4 - 0 = 619.4 tCO 2 e/y; 

ER 2013 = 714.5 - 0 = 714.5 tCO 2 e/y; 

ER 2014 = 526.4 - 0 = 526.4 tCO 2 e/y; 

ER average = 594.2- 0 = 594.2 tCO 2 e/y; 

2.7. Application of the monitoring methodology and description of the monitoring plan 

2.7.1. Data and parameters monitored 

Table 9. EG 

Data / Parameter 

Data unit: 

Description: 


Value of data applied for the purpose of 

calculating expected emission reductions in 

Section 1.4.4 

Justification for choosing source of data or 



Any comment: 

EG 

kWh/y 

Net electricity produced by the Project Activity 

delivered to the REG 

Measurement 

594.2 

Meter readings 

2.7.2. Description of the monitoring plan 

As established in the methodology, the only variable that needs to be verified and monitored 

during the crediting period is the total amount of electricity delivered to the electric grid, for the 

following period: 2015-2020. For this years the calculations of the emission factor are performed on 

an ex-ante basis, so it is necessary to update any other variable during the crediting period. For the 

16



first 4 years of the crediting period, the emission factor is calculated based on the total amount of 

electricity already delivered to the REG (See table 11). 

Monitoring management structure 

The project owner shall designate the qualified staff member responsible for all relevant 

matters, including monitoring, data collection and archiving, quality assurance, and verification. 

The responsibilities of the staff member are briefly described as follows: 

 

 

 

Management: in charge of all relevant matters having to do with the monitoring activity. 

Monitoring: monitor, collect and archive data. 

Audit: execute quality control procedures. 

All relevant data will be monitored and electronically stored. An electronic spreadsheet file will 

be kept to accumulate all monitored variables and will be presented for verification. 

Any corrective monitoring/reporting actions that may be required throughout this process shall 

be communicated to the CSG Climate Department. 

Emission Reductions 

Emission reductions from the project will be counted as the total electricity delivered to the 

grid, multiplied by the emission factor of the REG. These data will be directly used for the calculation 

of emission reduction. 

In order to monitor the total emission reductions, a simplified calculation model will be 

used. (see Annex 4 for details). 

Electricity generation: 

Meters and metering 

Project electricity generation from the wind power plant will be monitored through the use of 

onsite metering equipment at the substation (interconnection facility connecting the facility to the 

grid). 

The meters will have to record on memory the accumulated kilowatt-hours. The meters will be 

read. 

 

Calibration of meters 

The meters will be checked and calibrated by a qualified third party, in compliance with the 

requirements of national standards and relevant sectorial regulations. 

17



Data management 

Real-time measurements of the internal meter are transferred via the Internet to a dedicated 

data server (see specification in Annex 4) that can be accessed by the technical operator remotely. 

Copies of the sales receipts issued by the electricity service provider will be stored electronically as 

well. 

Quality Control 

All relevant data will be recorded and stored in a secure and mirrored database to prevent 

data loss or unauthorized access. Additionally, a final cross-check of the data will be carried out using 

sales receipts. Also, every unit will have a direct monitoring system to detect any kind of failure in the 

electric system. All data monitored and required for verification and issuance of VERs will be stored 

for five years after the end of the last crediting period or the last issuance of VERs, whichever occurs 

later. The following monitoring procedure has been developed in order to generate the necessary 

information for verification purposes: 

18



3. Duration of the Project Activity / crediting period 

3.1. Duration of the Project Activity 

1.1.1. Starting date of the Project Activity 

The project starting date is determined by the date of signature on the purchase agreement 

for the key equipment: 2011 

1.1.2. Expected operational lifetime of the Project Activity 

The project is expected to have an operational lifetime of 25 years. 

1.2. Determining the crediting period and related information 

1.2.1. Renewable crediting period 

Starting date of the first crediting period: 


Length of the first crediting period: 


1.2.2. Fixed crediting period 

Starting date: 

1.01.2011 

Length: 

10 years 

2. Environmental impacts 

2.1. Documentation on the analysis of the environmental impacts, including 

transboundary impacts 

According to CGS Standard v.1.2: 

“By selecting sustainability indicators, the project’s expected contribution to sustainable 

development during its life span can be monitored continuously. These sustainability indexes vary 

with each project, because they are based on the description of social and environmental impacts 

and/or benchmark (using baseline values as referential points) analysis. Project developers are 

required to make a report in writing on how they continuously measure and monitor selected 

sustainability indexes. One way of doing it is to submit an annual report and other documents, 

according to the phase of emission reductions the project is in at the moment.” 

19



Climate change 

The Project Activity leads to significant GHG emission reductions as described above and thus 

contributes to sustainable development in Romania, and reduces the energy dependency of the 

country. The transport and installation of the wind turbine may contribute to GHG emissions, but this 

effect is by far outweighed by the emission reductions resulting from the Project Activity. 

Compared with other low carbon power sources, wind turbines have some of the lowest 

global warning potential per unit of electrical energy generated. 

Air pollution 

No significant air pollution is caused by the Project Activity. Wind power consumes no fuel 

and no water for continuing operation and has no emissions directly related to electricity production. 

Wind turbines produce no carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, mercury, 

radioactive waste, or any other type of air pollution. In the installation phase, minor dust emissions 

were possible, although this is not considered significant since it didn’t exceeded or even came close 

to legal limits. 

Up- and downstream processes may contribute to air pollution during transport, material 

extraction, waste collection and handling, etc., although its magnitude is difficult to estimate and due 

to the lack of control over the above-mentioned processes, the Project Activity cannot be responsible 

for such impacts. 

Noise 

In the construction phase, a slight noise is possible, although this is not considered significant 

since it does not exceed the legal limits set out in local or national regulations. 

Under normal operating conditions, most of the sound generated by the wind turbine is 

aerodynamic, caused by the movement of turbine blades through the air. There is also mechanical 

sound generated by the turbine itself. Overall sound levels depend on the wind speed. But given the 

fact that this project has only one turbine, the noise level will be low, almost imperceptible. The 

impact on the communities in the neighborhood of the project will be small. 

Waste generation 

During the installation and operation of the wind power plant, neither significant quantities 

of municipal solid waste, nor hazardous waste are generated. 

At the end-of-life stage, the electronic equipment will produce a significant amount of 

hazardous waste and will be subject to the WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment) 

regulation and shall be treated separately in dedicated waste recovery and disposal facilities. Since it 

20



is expected to take place in 2040 or later, it is very difficult to assess the future environmental 

impacts from the waste generated. 

Land use 

Given the fact that this project has only one turbine, no significant land use and subsequent 

impact on the natural ecosystem or agricultural activity is expected. 

Water use 

There is no water impact associated with the Project Activity. As in all manufacturing 

processes, some water is used to manufacture steel and cement for wind turbines, but the Project 

Activity cannot be responsible for such impacts. 

Visual impact 

Due to their height wind turbines are highly visible structures in any landscape. In some cases 

the visual impact of the landscape may be ruined, if are too many turbines, but in case of this Project 

Activity, one larger wind turbine is more acceptable than a number of small ones. Therefore, in this 

case, being visible is not necessarily the same as being intrusive. 

Wildlife and habit 

The impact of wind turbines on wildlife is most notably on birds and bats. If the project will 

have a negative impact on the wild life and if the bats and birds habitat will be affected, then 

measures for decreasing this impact will be taken. 

For example, wildlife biologists have found that bats are most active when wind speeds are 

low. Using this information, keeping the wind turbine motionless during times of low wind speeds 

could reduce bat deaths by more than half, without significantly affecting power production. 

Life-Cycle Global Warming Emissions 

There are no global warming emissions associated with operating wind turbines. 

Nevertheless, there are emissions associated with other stages of a wind turbine’s life-cycle, 

including materials production, operation and maintenance and decommissioning and 

dismantlement, but the Project Activity cannot be responsible for such impacts. 

21



Conclusion 

Wind powered power generation units not only use renewable energy sources, but they are 

also characterized by an almost complete lack of negative environmental consequences, especially if 

compared to traditional fossil fuel power plants. 

The Project Activity does not entail serious negative environmental impacts. Although in two 

impact categories, climate change, solid waste and land use, slightly negative transboundary impacts 

are expected at the up- and downstream stages of the production system, the environmental and 

social advantages significantly outweigh the negative consequences. Also in the wildlife and habit 

impact category is expected a slightly negative impact. 

Table 10. Summary of estimated environmental impacts (++: significantly positive, + slightly 

positive, 0: insignificant/not applicable, - slightly negative, -- significantly negative) 

Environmental impact category Construction 

phase 

Operation 

phase 

Transboundary 

(life-cycle) processes 

Climate change 0 ++ - 

Solid waste 0 + - 

Waste water 0 0 0 

Photochemical smog formation 0 + 0 

Noise 0 0 - 

Visual impact 0 0 - 

Land use 0 0 - 

Water use 0 0 - 

Wildlife and habit 0 - - 

2.2. If environmental impacts are considered significant by the project participants or 

authorities, please provide conclusions and all references to support 

documentation of an environmental impact assessment undertaken in accordance 

with the procedures as required by the law 


3. Stakeholders’ comments 

3.1. Brief description how comments by local stakeholders have been invited and 

compiled 


3.2. Summary of the comments received 


22



3.3. Report on how due account was taken of any comments received 


23



Annex 1: Contact information for participants in the Project Activity 

Project participants 

E.K.W. ENERGY.S.R.L Name Florescu Dan Adrian 

Post of employment 

Office address 

Phone 

E-mail 

Carbon Solutions Global Ltd. Name Peter Gaspar 

Post 

CEO 

Office address 1095 Budapest, Soroksári u. 48, HUNGARY 

Phone 

E-mail 

Annex 2: Baseline information 

Table 11. Total energy produced by the Project Activity: wind power plant (MWh/y) 

Year 

Total energy produced by the Project Activity: wind power plant (MWh/y) 

2011 805.65 

2012 966.5 

2013 1114.8 

2014 821.2 

Table 12. Total energy value of “i” type of energy resources used in the Romanian electricity 

generation industry in 2013 

Fuel type 

Total energy value of “i” type of energy resources used in the Romanian 

electricity generation industry in 2012 (TJ/y) 

Coal 206209.75 

Natural gas 62595.65 

Oil 3642.69 

Table 13. Emission factor of “i” type fuel 

Fuel type 

Emission factor of “i” type fuel (tCO 2 /TJ) 

Coal 89.04 

Natural gas 55.43 

Oil 79.71 

24



Table 14. Annual net energy delivered to the Romanian Electricity Grid by using “i” fossil fuel in 

2012 

Fuel type 

Annual net energy delivered to the Romanian Electricity Grid by using “i” 

fossil fuel in 2010 (MWh/y) 

Coal 22926000 

Natural gas 8698000 

Oil 427000 

Annex 3: Monitoring report template 

Click here to add text. 

Annex 4: Technical specifications of the installed units 

Click here to add text. 

25

CSG-Renewable_Topolog_RomaniaPDD_EN

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?