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8 EFM Today ELEVEN HECTARES OF ANTI-HAIL NETS FOR THREE-ROW SPRAYER Berend Jan van Westreenen, a fruit grower in the Dutch town of Echteld, will be putting up anti-hail nets over 11 hectares of his orchard this season. The structure will be fi tted such that he can still drive a three-row sprayer under the nets. The plot concerned has already been planted with 8 hectares of Kanzi, which will be expanded by 3 hectares this winter. “My company suff ered three incidents of severe hail damage in the past four years,” says Van Westreenen. This explains why he decided to put up anti-hail nets. The concrete posts are not planted in every row, as is customary for an anti-hail net structure, but there is one post every three rows. This enables a machine which sprays three rows at a time to be driven under the nets. Such sprayers are supplied by both Munckhof and KWH. As the rows are 3.25 metres apart, the centre-to-centre distance between the posts is 9.75 metres instead of 3.00 to 3.50 metres as is customary. To still give the anti-hail nets suffi cient support, the posts in the rows have been placed at centre-to-centre distances of 3.00 metres. Contrary to regular hail net structures, the net will not be suspended from the steel wires, but will be above them. The anti-hail net structure is supplied and constructed by Fruit Security of Austria and by Van Nifterik of the Netherlands. SCAB RESISTANT JUNAMI IN 2012 Plant Research International (PRI), based in Wageningen, the Netherlands, intends to present a scab resistant Junami during the World Horticultural Expo, Floriade 2012. Scab resistance will be introduced into Junami by incorporating genes that provide scab resistance into the genetic material of this variety. PRI has already been able to isolate the Vf-gene, the resistance gene The Dutch PRI wants to present a scab resistant Junami at Floriade 2012. The anti-hail net structure has a ridge height of 4.75 metres and enables a three-row sprayer to be driven under it. Photos: EFM derived from Malus fl oribunda, and is currently working on isolating several other genes that could provide scab resistance. Incorporating various resistance genes in a single variety creates a more stable polygene resistance, that is more diffi cult to erode than resistance based solely on the Vf-gene. In virtually all the scab resistant varieties currently available on the market, the resistance is based on that single Vf-gene. The process by which genes can be artifi cially transferred between related organisms that could also be bred conventionally is referred to as cisgenesis. With transgenesis, another form of genetic modifi cation, genes from nonrelated plants are transferred. Research conducted by the University of Twente in the Netherlands has revealed that cisgenesis appears to be more socially acceptable than transgenesis. The Junami variety was selected as PRI works in cooperation with Inova Fruit, the European variety manager of Junami.
EFM Today IFO SEARCHING FOR THE NEW SUPER VARIETY IFO, the French company, thinks that it will be able to launch an apple onto the market in a few years time that is scab resistant, has a sugar level above 15 Brix, a storage life of a year and a shelf life of at least a month. At the start of February, IFO offered a glimpse behind the scenes of its breeding programme. Elsewhere in this edition you can fi nd an extensive article that addresses IFO’s variety breeding and selection programme. ONE THIRD OF THE APPLE HECTARAGE AROUND THE BODENSEE UNDER HAIL NETS After several years of very heavy hail, since 2000, the hectarage of hail nets on farms on the German side of the Bodensee has increased markedly. Now an estimated one third of the FEWER APPLES AND MORE PEARS IN THE EU Across the 27 countries of the European Union, apple production is forecast to be 7% down on last year, while 16% more pears are expected to be picked. These fi gures were announced on 7 August at the Prognosfruit 2009 conference in Maastricht. Apple production across the 27 EU countries is expected to be 10,743,000 tonnes this year. The pear harvest is estimated at 2,521,000 tonnes. The lower apple production in 2009 is the result of much lower production in Poland and Hungary. After a poor harvest in 2007, there was a record harvest in these countries in 2008. The harvest forecast for almost all apple varieties is lower this year. Only production of the new varieties including Braeburn, Fuji and Cripp’s Pink is set to increase. Pear production, on the other hand, is likely to be higher than 2008 for almost all varieties. Last year’s crop was below average on account of poor setting caused by bad weather during the fl owering season. Production for 2009 is expected to be at the same level as in 2007 and previous years. Blue plums On 13 August in Randwijk (the Netherlands) fruit growers could examine and taste Ras 1 (Variety 1) from the series of new blue plum varieties from The Greenery. Ras 1 has the earliest ripening fruit from a series that currently consists of three new varieties that will be marketed under the brand name Lazoet. The intention is to off er plums that look and taste the same for a period of eight to ten weeks. The fi rst variety from the series ripens later than Opal but earlier than Reine Victoria. The two other varieties ripen after Reine Victoria. hectarage is protected by hail nets. When new orchards are planted, long poles are erected as standard to allow hail nets to be installed later. MANY PROBLEMS RELATED TO PEAR DECLINE IN ITALY Poor growth of pear trees due to Pear Decline is a major problem in the Italian fruit region of Emilia Romagna. Pear Decline is caused by a mycoplasma, a virus-like organism. Aff ected trees grow poorly, have lightly coloured leaves and small pears and often colour red in the autumn. The mycoplasma is transmitted by the pear psylla. Experts think that the origin and viral status of the planting material also has an infl uence on the level of infection. Abate Fétel, the most important variety grown in Italy, has proved to be very susceptible to Pear Decline. 9
Page 1 and 2: Thinning Machines • Hail nets •
Page 3 and 4: The Onyx • In “V” system the
Page 5 and 6: Apple and pear tree specialist We g
Page 7: Special edition of EFM The editoria
Page 11 and 12: In South Tyrol, Kanzi is recommende
Page 13 and 14: that because artifi cial fertiliser
Page 15 and 16: Distribution in the tree The transp
Page 17 and 18: Pink was never so beautiful Strong
Page 19 and 20: After mechanical thinning, the appl
Page 21 and 22: clean grafting unions and have been
Page 23 and 24: Proudly Yours, the Kanzi ® people
Page 25 and 26: great popularity, as consumers had
Page 27 and 28: Gerard Poldervaart gerard.poldervaa
Page 29 and 30: Gerard Poldervaart gerard.poldervaa
Page 31 and 32: centration can be determined very r
Page 33 and 34: signifi cant diff erence when compa
Page 35 and 36: Gebr. Bonenkamp b.v. IJsselstein/Ti
Page 37 and 38: Growers tell growers 21 BEE HIVES O
Page 39 and 40: News of the world GERMANY: NEW PEAR
Page 41 and 42: Partner in Quality and Reliability
Page 43 and 44: Agenda und Aktivitäten / Agenda en
Page 45 and 46: ��
Page 47 and 48: Advanced fertilizer technology for

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