Part III The Industrialization of Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in the Past Decade

Part III: The Industrialization of Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in the Past Decade
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, administered by the Nobel Foundation, is awarded
once a year for outstanding discoveries in the fields of life sciences and medicine. It is one of the
five Nobel Prizes established in 1895 by Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite,
in his will.
What has Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to do with the life science industry? We may find
an answer from the Prize awarded in the past decade.
2010 Test Tube Baby Technology
TheNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2010 was awarded to Robert G. Edwards, a British
scientist known as the "father of test-tube babies" for his "for the development of in vitro
fertilization". Robert G. Edwards makes it possible to treat infertility, benefiting more than 10% of
the world's couples. July 25, 1978, the birth date of the world's first test-tube baby, is the best
recognition of Edwards' tireless efforts. His contribution represents yet another milestone in the
history of modern medicine. Nowadays, the technology of IVF keeps innovating from the first
generation IVF and the second generation test tube baby to the third generation IVF, benefiting
tens of millions of families.
2009 Telomeres and Telomerase Protect Chromosomes
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2009 was awarded to Elizabeth H. Blackburn from the
University of San Francisco in the United States of America, Carol W. Greider from Johns
Hopkins Medical College in Baltimore, and Jack W. Szostak from Harvard Medical School in
recognition of their discovery of the mechanism by which telomeres and telomerase protect
chromosomes. They solved one of the major biological problems, which is how the chromosomes
self-replicate completely during cell division and how the chromosomes are protected from
degradation. The solution exists at the chromosome ends - telomeres, and telomere-forming
telomerase. The discovery of this basic cellular mechanism has increased the depth of
understanding of cells, elucidated the mechanisms of disease and contributed to the development
of emerging therapeutic approaches, especially in the development of anti-aging and anti-cancer
therapeutics.
2008 The discovery of HPV and HIV
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2008 honored German scientist Harald zur Hausen
who found cervical cancer and French scientists Françoise Barré-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier
who found human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The discovery of the HPV virus is the basis for
vaccine research, and provides a clearer "target" for humankind to overcome cervical cancer. Now,
scientists have developed cervical cancer vaccine on this basis, which not only gives a "scientific
gift" for the global women but is also of great reference to human prevention and treatment of
other cancers in the future. At present, there are 3 kinds of HPV vaccines listed in the world,

namely, bivalent, quadrivalent and non-bivalent. It is because of the HIV virus discovery that we
developed new methods and reagents for blood tests to diagnose AIDS and developed anti-HIV
drugs, which have greatly prolonged the life span of AIDS patients.
About Author
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