Sybex CEH Certified Ethical Hacker Version 8 Study Guide

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406 Chapter 17 ■ Physical Security Lock-picking tools are readily available all over the Internet, including sites such as eBay and http://wallofsheep.com, where they can be purchased along with training materials on how to use them. Despite their availability, be careful when you purchase such devices, no matter what the reason. Different states and different jurisdictions look at the possession of these tools differently. In California, for example, possession of these tools is not a crime, but committing a crime with them would be punishable by fines or jail time. However, in Nevada possession of these tools alone is against the law whether or not a separate crime was committed. In states such as Nevada the concept of prima facie comes into play; simply put, in these states an officer discovering these tools can place an individual under arrest. Contactless cards do not require the card to be inserted or slid through a reader. These devices function by detecting the proximity of the card to the sensor. An example of this technology is radio frequency ID (RFID), an extremely small electronic device that contains a microchip and antenna. Many RFID devices are passive. Passive devices have no battery or power source because they are powered by the RFID reader. The reader generates an electromagnetic signal that induces a current in the RFID tag. Another form of authentication is biometrics. Biometric authentication is based on a behavioral or physiological characteristic that is unique to an individual. Biometric authentication systems have gained market share and are seen as a good replacement for password-based authentication systems. Different biometric systems have varying levels of accuracy. The accuracy of a biometric device is measured by the percentages it produces of two types of errors. The false rejection rate (FRR) is a measurement of the percentage of individuals who should have gotten in but were not allowed access. The false acceptance rate (FAR) is a measurement of the percentage of individuals who gained access but should not have been allowed in. The corresponding individual errors are also known as type 1 and type 2 errors. Some common biometric systems include the following: Finger Scan Systems Widely used and quite popular, these systems are installed in many new laptops. Hand Geometry Systems Accepted by most users, these systems function by measuring the unique geometry of a user’s fingers and hand to identify them. Palm Scan Systems These are much like the hand geometry systems, except they measure the creases and ridges of a user’s palm for identification. Retina Pattern Systems These systems, which examine the user’s retina pattern, are very accurate. Iris Recognition This eye recognition system is also very accurate; it matches the person’s blood vessels on the back of the eye.
Introducing Physical Security 407 Voice Recognition This system determines who you are by using voice analysis. Keyboard Dynamics This biometric method analyzes the user’s speed and pattern of typing. No matter what means of authentication you use as a physical access control, it needs to fit the situation in which it will be applied. For example, if the processing time of a biometric system is slow, users will tend to just hold the door open for others rather than wait for the additional processing time. Another example is iris scanners, which may be installed at all employee entrances, yet later cause complaints from employees who are physically challenged or in wheelchairs since they cannot easily use the newly installed system. Consider who will be using the system and if it may be appropriate given the situation and user base. Walls, Ceilings, and Floors Of course surrounding any facility and rooms are the walls, ceilings, and floors, which you should always consider when doing a physical penetration or assessment. Walls can be constructed and designed many different ways, but each situation should be considered carefully and assessed by someone who knows the various details that must be taken into account. First, look at the construction and composition of walls. Walls protecting key rooms within a facility should be sturdy and provide an effective barrier as well as a strong point for anchoring doors. One often overlooked point is whether the walls are constructed as so-called “false” walls or if they are actually fully constructed. In some facilities, the walls may not extend up beyond the ceiling, which may not seem like a problem normally. However, in some cases facilities employ what is known as a false ceiling, which is a wall that only goes up to a drop ceiling and does not extend past the drop ceiling to the roof of the building. In cases like this, it is possible for an intruder to gain access to a restricted area simply by entering a crawlspace and going over the wall. In addition, any ceiling-mounted air ducts should be small enough to prevent an intruder from crawling through them. One other area to consider is that area under your feet, the floor. In some buildings the floor is actually raised, meaning there exists a space underneath it. This space can present problems up to and including the passage of intruders or the placement of listening devices or other equipment. Finally, something that may not seem as obvious is how to protect facilities against vehicles. For example, how can a car or truck be stopped from backing into a window breaking it and allowing an intruder to quickly run in and steal something? The answer is bollards. Bollards are metal or rock barriers designed to thwart a vehicle-based attack. When a vehicle hits one of these devices it will be stopped by the bollard and cannot be used to crash into a building, much like a battering ram.
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Acknowledgments First, I would like
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Contents at a Glance Introduction A
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xii Contents Chapter 3 Cryptography
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xiv Contents Commonly Exploited Ser
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xvi Contents Chapter 11 Denial of S
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xviii Contents Securing the Physica
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Introduction If you’re preparing
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Introduction xxiii How to Become a
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Introduction xxv Tips for Taking th
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Introduction xxvii 4. Answer all of
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Introduction xxix Network/wireless
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Assessment Test xxxi C. PPP D. SLIP
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Assessment Test xxxiii 19. An indiv
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Assessment Test xxxv 31. Which of t
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Answers to Assessment Test xxxvii 1
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CEHv8 Certified Ethical Hacker Vers
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In this book you will learn the var
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4 Chapter 1 ■ Getting Started wit
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Every skill set comes with a histor
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28 Chapter 2 ■ System Fundamental
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This chapter covers cryptography, a
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58 Chapter 3 ■ Cryptography The p
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60 Chapter 3 ■ Cryptography ■
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62 Chapter 3 ■ Cryptography MARS
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64 Chapter 3 ■ Cryptography A has
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66 Chapter 3 ■ Cryptography The C
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68 Chapter 3 ■ Cryptography Under
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70 Chapter 3 ■ Cryptography TABLE
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72 Chapter 3 ■ Cryptography 5. On
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74 Chapter 3 ■ Cryptography PGP w
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76 Chapter 3 ■ Cryptography Revie
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78 Chapter 3 ■ Cryptography 13. W
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Chapter 4 Footprinting and Reconnai
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Understanding the Steps of Ethical
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What Is Footprinting? 85 Goals of t
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Terminology in Footprinting 87 Orga
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The Footprinting Process 89 Using S
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The Footprinting Process 91 Locatio
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The Footprinting Process 93 will no
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The Footprinting Process 95 In secu
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Exam Essentials 97 I want to introd
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Review Questions 99 7. Which of the
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Review Questions 101 19. Footprinti
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Once you’ve completed the footpri
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106 Chapter 5 ■ Scanning Networks
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You’ve gathered a lot of informat
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130 Chapter 6 ■ Enumeration of Se
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Using the information gathered so f
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154 Chapter 7 ■ Gaining Access to
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Chapter 8 Trojans, Viruses, Worms,
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Malware 181 In past decades, what w
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Malware 183 The Patriot Act This ac
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Malware 185 1. Design. The author e
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Malware 187 ■ ■ Macro viruses d
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Malware 189 How to Create a Virus C
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Malware 191 A Closer Look at Slamme
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Malware 193 ■ ■ Freeware—Down
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Malware 195 Operations that could b
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Malware 197 ■ NetMeeting Remote:
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Malware 199 Tools for Creating Troj
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Malware 201 5. In the next screen,
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Overt and Covert Channels 203 ■ P
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Exam Essentials 205 ■ ■ ■ ■
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Review Questions 207 7. Which utili
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Chapter 9 Sniffers CEH EXAM OBJECTI
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Understanding Sniffers 211 When on
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Using a Sniffer 213 In terms of LI,
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Using a Sniffer 215 2. Choose Captu
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Using a Sniffer 217 Table 9.1 lists
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Using a Sniffer 219 2. Next you nee
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Using a Sniffer 221 output from a s
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Using a Sniffer 223 3. Select the T
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Switched Network Sniffing 225 What
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Switched Network Sniffing 227 Port
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Switched Network Sniffing 229 root@
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Review Questions 231 Review Questio
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Review Questions 233 13. What is th
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Chapter 10 Social Engineering CEH E
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What Is Social Engineering? 237 If
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What Is Social Engineering? 239 eng
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What Is Social Networking? 241 Many
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What Is Social Networking? 243 Mist
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What Is Social Networking? 245 Ambe
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Commonly Employed Threats 247 Dumps
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Commonly Employed Threats 249 ■
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Identity Theft 251 Although some si
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Exam Essentials 253 Know about tech
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Review Questions 255 7. Phishing ca
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Review Questions 257 19. An attacke
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This chapter will give you a firm u
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262 Chapter 11 ■ Denial of Servic
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The concept of session hijacking is
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Chapter 13 Web Servers and Web Appl
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Exploring the Client-Server Relatio
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Exam Essentials 323 Summary This ch
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Review Questions 325 7. In the fiel
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Review Questions 327 19. What may b
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This chapter covers SQL injection,
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332 Chapter 14 ■ SQL Injection SE
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334 Chapter 14 ■ SQL Injection Al
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336 Chapter 14 ■ SQL Injection Ru
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340 Chapter 14 ■ SQL Injection On
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344 Chapter 14 ■ SQL Injection
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346 Chapter 14 ■ SQL Injection 7.
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Chapter 15 Wireless Networking CEH
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What Is a Wireless Network? 351 ■
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What Is a Wireless Network? 353 nam
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Page 437 and 438: Introducing Physical Security 395 O
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Page 458 and 459: 416 Appendix A ■ Answers to Revie
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Page 484 and 485: 442 ARP (Address Resolution Protoco
Page 486 and 487: 444 Counter Mode with Cipher Block
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Page 490 and 491: 448 Google Hacking Database (GHDB)
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456 Remote Encrypted Callback Unix
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458 sniffers - stateful multilayer
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460 Teflon Oil Patch program - unpr
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462 webservers and web applications
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