Mycotoxin E book 3 A5 size 04

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MYCOTOXINS What is MRL- Maximum Residue Limit? What is MRL for Commonly Occurring Pesticides in Maize? The maximum residue limit (MRL) is defined as the maximum concentration of a residue, resulting from the registered use of a chemical, that is recommended to be legally permitted or recognized as acceptable in or on a food, animal feed. The concentration is expressed in milligrams per kilogram of the commodity. Pesticide Carbofuran Deltamethrin Atrazine Malathion Thiamethoxam Thiram MRL* (ppb) 50 1000 50 8000 50 100 *May cause toxicity at lower levels also if multiple mycotoxin infection is present Ref: Md. Wasim Aktar 2009, Vijay J. jadhav 2011 32 33
MYCOTOXINS What is the effect of chemical toxicity in poultry? Carbofuran Use: During Storage and transportation of Maize Impact on Birds: Severe Kidney damage , Liver damage , Yellow colored bile, Subencapsular haemorrhages in liver, severe mortality up to 30% in acute cases Thiram Use: Seed Treatment of Maize before sowing Impact on Birds: Liver enlargement & dysfunction, hepatitis, degenerative changes focal necrosis Clinical signs: anorexia, listless behaviour, dyspnea, convulsions, and death due to cardiac arrest, inhibit egg laying, soft egg shells, depressed growth and leg abnormalities. Deltamethrin Use: Insecticide, during maize storage and before sowing Impact on Birds: Severe body weight drop, poor hatchability, residue in the different organs Malathion Use: On field spray and while storage Impact on Birds: Nervous disorders and production stress Thaimethoxam Use: Insecticide Impact on Birds: Severe liver damage, growth suppression, impacts on hepatic enzymes Atrazine Use: During Storage and trasnportation of Maize Impact on Birds: Reproductive hormones, late maturity, hepatoxicity (Gupta 96), Hasegawa et al., 1988; Maita et al. 1991 Kaya & Bilgili, 1998 Lorgue et al., 1996 Guitart et al., 1996 Chandra et al 2013 Adejumo et al 2015 Wilhems 2006 34 35
Page 1 and 2: MYCOTOXIN & PESTICIDE Digest For Po
Page 3 and 4: INDEX Mycotoxins What Are mycotoxin
Page 5 and 6: What are Mycotoxins? • Mycotoxins
Page 7 and 8: What are different kinds of Mycotox
Page 9 and 10: MYCOTOXINS Critical points in Mycot
Page 11 and 12: MYCOTOXINS What are the factors aff
Page 13 and 14: MYCOTOXINS What is the safe limit?
Page 15 and 16: PESTICIDES Toxicity and Effects on
Page 17: How pesticides enter bird’s body?
Page 21 and 22: PREVENTION 38 39
Page 23 and 24: MYCOTOXINS Sampling: Critical Point
Page 25: Customer Lab Services (CLS) More th

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