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MYCOTOXINS<br />
What is the<br />
effect of<br />
chemical<br />
toxicity in<br />
poultry?<br />
Carbofuran<br />
Use: During Storage and transportation of<br />
Maize<br />
Impact on Birds: Severe Kidney damage ,<br />
Liver damage , Yellow colored bile, Subencapsular<br />
haemorrhages in liver, severe<br />
mortality up to 30% in acute cases<br />
Thiram<br />
Use: Seed Treatment of Maize before sowing<br />
Impact on Birds: Liver enlargement & dysfunction,<br />
hepatitis, degenerative changes focal necrosis<br />
Clinical signs: anorexia, listless behaviour, dyspnea,<br />
convulsions, and death due to cardiac arrest, inhibit egg<br />
laying, soft egg shells, depressed growth and leg<br />
abnormalities.<br />
Deltamethrin<br />
Use: Insecticide, during maize storage and<br />
before sowing<br />
Impact on Birds: Severe body weight drop,<br />
poor hatchability, residue in the different organs<br />
Malathion<br />
Use: On field spray and while storage<br />
Impact on Birds: Nervous disorders and<br />
production stress<br />
Thaimethoxam<br />
Use: Insecticide<br />
Impact on Birds: Severe liver damage,<br />
growth suppression, impacts on hepatic<br />
enzymes<br />
Atrazine<br />
Use: During Storage and trasnportation of Maize<br />
Impact on Birds: Reproductive hormones, late<br />
maturity, hepatoxicity<br />
(Gupta 96), Hasegawa et al., 1988; Maita et al. 1991 Kaya & Bilgili,<br />
1998 Lorgue et al., 1996 Guitart et al., 1996 Chandra et al 2013<br />
Adejumo et al 2015 Wilhems 2006<br />
34 35
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