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After exploring most of the [and, people started to explore under the oceans. The oceans are enormous - they cover about 70% of Earth. There are sti[[ thousands of kitometers of seabed to be explored. There are five oceans, but more than half of all the water in the oceans is in just one ocean - the Pacific Ocean. At first, scientists thought that the seabed was flat, but now we know that there are mountains, valleys, volcanoes, and plains under the water. By studying the seabed, scientists have learned that the oceans started to form 41000 million years ago. They have found bones from land animals on the seabed, which shows that the sea level is much higher now. ' " '' ':i:::''r-il: : The oceans are full of amazing plants and animals. Some ocean plants, like seaweed, can be used ttr make medicines. Today, scientists know about 25,000 different types of fish. They find more than 100 new types every year. There are lots of precious things in the oceans. Pearls are jewels that can form inside oyster shells. There are metals like gold, iron, and copper in the seabed, too. More than 20% of all the oil that we use comes from under the oceans. the oceans to cover Earth with up to 150 meters of salt. I t rsffi* .zr. -. -l=!\^
{}r-qlr,: l; ,, Early ocean explorers could only explore for as long as they could breathe. In 1943, two Frenchmen, Jacques Cousteau and Emile Gagnan, invented Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus (SCUBA).This allowed divers to stay underwater for longer and dive deeper than ever before. In 1960, a Swiss explorerrJacques Piccard, and an American, Don\7alsh, dived down almost 11 kilometers in a small submarine to the deepest part of the Pacific Ocean. It's the deepest that anyone has dived. No one thought anything could live that far down, but they found some new types of fish. An American explorer called Silvia Alice Earle holds the record for the deepest woman diver in a submersible. She has spent more than 71000 hours underwater. '#h,rf *{*xi: Modern explorers have better equipment and they can explore further than ever before, but they don't even have to go anywhere. Today we can send robots to explore places and bring back information! The oceans are the least explored part of Earth, but there are still things to find in rainforests, mountains to climb, and thousands of places to explore. What part of our world woulcl you like to explore? Go to pages 50-51 for activities.
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@]i!!mw-iin riitf , James Styring '
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Irrr'lrcolt lttlet'nlliotutl Ait'po
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Disappearing Species Global warming
Page 32 and 33: Ie,'s Rachel Bladon Introduction 3
Page 34 and 35: ffi@eil@s There are mil[ions of dif
Page 36 and 37: Insects are sma[[ animals [ike butt
Page 38 and 39: There are many other groups of inve
Page 40 and 41: Fish are vertebrates that are cotd-
Page 42 and 43: Like fish, amphibians are cotd-bloo
Page 44 and 45: Reptiles are cold-blooded, and thei
Page 46 and 47: There are about 9,000 different spe
Page 48 and 49: A[[ mammals have fur or hair andthe
Page 50 and 51: f Life Cycles Read pages 4-7. 1 Com
Page 52 and 53: I ṯ-_- {,;$j Other Invertebnates
Page 54 and 55: ffi ' *= &ffiffiWfueb#wrxs $ Read p
Page 56 and 57: Birds ( Read pages 28-3L. 1 Write /
Page 58 and 59: A Life Cycle Poster 1 Complete the
Page 60 and 61: Series Editor: Hazel Geatches . CLI
Page 62 and 63: Ourr World Jacqueline Martin Introd
Page 64 and 65: Thousands of years ago, early peopt
Page 66 and 67: Early people traveled around to loo
Page 68 and 69: There are lots of people who explor
Page 70 and 71: A desert is an area of land where l
Page 72 and 73: Many parts of the world are hard to
Page 74 and 75: The Arctic and Antarctic were the [
Page 76 and 77: Mountains cover about 25% of Earth.
Page 80 and 81: Exploring + Read pages 4-7. 1 Write
Page 82 and 83: C Exploring the Past Read pages !2-
Page 84 and 85: Rivers and Rainforests + Read pages
Page 86 and 87: & *%&wwm&m&mm Read pages 28-3L. & C
Page 88 and 89: Famous Places 1 These places have t
Page 90 and 91: Series Editor: Hazel Geatches . CLI
Page 92 and 93: Migrations Rachel Bladon Introducti
Page 94 and 95: Migration is when animals move from
Page 96 and 97: There are many different species of
Page 98 and 99: Many species of insect, like dragon
Page 100 and 101: When animals migrate by land, they
Page 102 and 103: llooI"ad .. ~aMd. About 200,000 zeb
Page 104 and 105: Many fish migrate around the ocean,
Page 106 and 107: Ii 0 i!rlil'(tJ I ... t:a[lreed] Ma
Page 108 and 109: a.a,OOrlill. .~,rd .. Animals that
Page 110 and 111: On the Move Read pages 4- 7. Comple
Page 112 and 113: Insect and Bat Migrations .. Read p
Page 114 and 115: Migrations in Africa Read pages 20-
Page 116 and 117: Going Home to Breed .. Read pages 2
Page 118 and 119: A Migrants Poster Complete the char
Page 120 and 121: Series Editor: Hazel Geatches • C
Page 122 and 123: ffhuIrn Around the World Jacqueline
Page 124 and 125: I ••• l.tIlIe'ad About 50,000
Page 126 and 127: Some people today Live in homes mad
Page 128 and 129:
DWleNat aJ~1UtaI The climate is dif
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Most homes stay in one place, but s
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, .••••••• ~ ... ~< :
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Most homes around the world have fo
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I .... r ..,... Some people in the
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PlJ6gNI ••• About 100 years a
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Homes in the Past + Read pages 4-7.
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Different Climates + Read pages 12-
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famous Homes 3 Write'/ or )(. Then
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Homes for Everyone + Read pages 28-
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A Homes Survey 1 Draw a pLan of you
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Series Editor: Hazel Geatches • C
Page 152 and 153:
fro P~odu~ts ALex Raynham Introduct
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A very long time ago, people didn't
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The ground is made of rocks. In roc
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Tiny pieces of materials are called
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Farmers grow plants and raise farm
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Sneakers, plastic toys, plastic sho
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People are making new materials aLL
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It can be very difficult to find ma
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PHILlPS We are inventing new materi
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The first Materials .. Read pages 4
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Glass and Concrete Read pages 12- 1
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Incredible Oil ... Read pages 20-23
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finding Minerals + Read pages 28-31
Page 178 and 179:
Products in My Home 1 Choose ten ma
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Page 212 and 213:
In Arrt Richard Northcott Contents
Page 214 and 215:
Cities are interesting places. Ther
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A painting of the inside of a build
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Paintings of the countryside are ca
Page 220 and 221:
Paintings of flowers are called sti
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Machines can be beautifuL. Planes a
Page 224 and 225:
There are different types of Light
Page 226 and 227:
People in paintings don't move, but
Page 228 and 229:
Are there any sculptures or murals
Page 230 and 231:
Cities Read pages 4-7. 1 Write the
Page 232 and 233:
Outdoors .. Read pages 12-15. 1 Mat
Page 234 and 235:
Machines -+ Read pages 20-23. Compl
Page 236 and 237:
Movement Read pages 28-31. Match. T
Page 238 and 239:
~ A famous Artist My Favorite II I
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Page 242 and 243:
Then and Now James Styring lntroduc
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flhen andNow Until about 7,00O year
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ffi@@tumd We use boats and ships to
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Transportation became much faster a
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In busy cities, bicycles and motorc
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ff,6 rr'*$ Cars are the most popula
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,gl' Peopte have dreamed about ftyi
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\' 1.. t i tl I j , 't \o,t{:.{ i,,
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[nffieffiq@ffie The world needs to
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Then and Now :ij Read pages 4-7. Wr
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d Trains, Buses, andTruck* * Read p
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Read pages 20-23. Write the words.
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Around the World 3 Read pages 28-31
Page 268 and 269:
@ A Transportation Poster 1 Find or
Page 270 and 271:
Series Editor: Hazel Geatches . CLI
Page 272 and 273:
oct] Weather Jacqueline Martin ; Co
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Around Earth, there is a blanket of
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Weather can be very different aroun
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CLouds Look light, but even a small
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leNCo •• tIIelaln People, anima
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About 11,000 years ago, more than 3
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let Wexailixer Weather is hottest i
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As Earth moves, air moves with it.
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Earth is getting warmer. The climat
Page 290 and 291:
What Is Weather? .. Read pages 4-7.
Page 292 and 293:
~ All About Clouds .. Read pages 12
Page 294 and 295:
, , Cold Weather .. Read pages 20-2
Page 296 and 297:
Windy Weather .. Read pages 28-31.
Page 298 and 299:
A Weather Report 1 Record the weath
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