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726 A balloonist uses a gas heater to warm the air.
Why a Balloon Rises and Floats When you place a block of wood in water, it takes up space, pushing some of the water aside. As the wood pushes against the water, the water pushes back. This upward force is called buoyancy. Buoyancy is the force that keeps things afloat. A hot-air balloon rises and floats in an ocean of air for the same reason that the block of wood floats in water. It has buoyancy. Like all matter, air is made of tiny particles called molecules. When air is heated, its molecules spread out and move faster. When the air inside a balloon is heated, some of the molecules inside the balloon are forced out. The air inside becomes thinner, or less dense. It weighs less than before, but it takes up the same amount of space. As a result, the air inside the balloon weighs less than an equal amount of outside air. Buoyancy carries the balloon up. Some gases are lighter than air because the molecules themselves are less dense. One of these is hydrogen, the lightest gas known. However, it is a dangerous gas that can burn and explode. That is why balloonists today use helium, which is slightly heavier but does not burn or explode. Helium is the gas used in party balloons. The Science Behind Hot-Air Balloons Air inside weighs less than air outside, so the balloon is carried up by buoyancy. Air is made of tiny particles called molecules. When air inside a balloon is heated, some of the molecules are forced out. 727
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A Reading/Language Arts Program
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A Reading/Language Arts Program Pro
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THEME: Exploring Space TalkAboutIt
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THEME: The Caribbean Islands TalkAb
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THEME: Desert Habitats TalkAboutIt
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THEME: Extreme Weather TalkAboutIt
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THEME: Talking in Codes TalkAboutIt
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THEME: Balloon Flight TalkAboutIt .
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School Contests 16
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Vocabulary slumped soggy capable ca
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Comprehension Genre Realistic Ficti
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22 None of this would have happened
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Every week Mrs. Page gives us a lis
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The last word seemed a little odd t
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I finally got better over the weeke
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I was tenth, and when Mrs. Page cal
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Finally the room quieted. Mrs. Page
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I couldn’t believe I ever had to
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It took the most courage I’ve eve
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To my astonishment: great shock and
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A Few Words About Debra Frasier Deb
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Language Arts Genre Nonfiction Arti
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arete Intense moments on David’s
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Writer’s Craft A Good Paragraph A
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Personal Narrative Your Turn Write
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Talk About It Who are some of the l
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Vocabulary and Comprehension “Was
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Main Selection the 53
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Folks always crow about the deeds o
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Its name was Halley’s Comet, and
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By the time they reached the White
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That comet must have thought Davy l
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Of course, that infernal fireball s
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Comprehension Check Summarize Use y
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Social Studies T a ll T a le s This
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T a ll T a le s Sue who rode a catf
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Talk About It What would happen if
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Real World Reading Vocabulary quest
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Real World Reading Comprehension Ge
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This Costa Rican rain forest has ma
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Answer Questions Test Strategy Righ
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Writing: Extended Response to Liter
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Writing Prompt In the selection “
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Talk About It What draws people to
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Vocabulary and Comprehension work f
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Main Selection BLASTING OFF TO SPAC
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For almost a week they used the sam
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The 1 /6 Gravity Chair “The Moon
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The Five Degrees of Freedom (5DF) C
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NASA doesn’t use the Space Shot t
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The water started boiling as kids g
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Poetry But what do you mean That th
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Rescue Dogs 112
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Vocabulary variety fragrance transf
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Comprehension Genre Fantasy tells a
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My eyes have seen a lot of things,
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Pipiolo walked with me to school ea
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Every day, Pipiolo and I would dig
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Just as the truck began to pass the
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Brian Meunier wrote this story, but
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Genre Science Nonfiction Articles p
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SAR Dogs Sled dogs are not the only
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Writer’s Craft Unimportant Detail
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Answer Questions Test Strategy Thin
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Answer Questions PAUL: (Taking gree
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Directions: Answer the questions. 1
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Talk About It How do people help an
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Vocabulary and Comprehension “Do
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Shiloh written by Phyllis Reynolds
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Social Studies As a teenager Struve
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Dr. Struve must be very careful not
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Persuasive Writing Your Turn Write
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species survive alert vibrates Voca
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Comprehension Genre A Nonfiction Ar
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attlesnakes have a bad reputation.
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The rattle is a stack of hard secti
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nostril heat-sensing pit Most kind
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Sure. Big animals, such as bison, s
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Rattle Around with Ellen Lambeth El
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Language Arts Legends are stories t
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Writer’s Craft A Strong Conclusio
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REMEMBERING THE PAST 193
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Senator Ben Nighthorse Campbell In
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The Vietnam Veterans Memorial, with
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At the Civil Rights Memorial, Sarah
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Writing Prompt People who have help
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Vocabulary forbidden reluctant goss
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Comprehension Genre Fiction tells a
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Besides her fear of danger on the s
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There was hardly any sea breeze tha
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“What if we send José Manuel a n
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“¿Sí?” she said. “How can I
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When we got home we found Mami wait
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Lulu Delacre was born in Puerto Ric
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Puerto Rico Social Studies During h
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Cuba Cuba is another large, mountai
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Vocabulary vastness presence enthus
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Comprehension Genre Biography is an
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The sun went down and the chilly ni
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In front was the mustang herd. As i
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Already vultures circled high in th
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RIDE ALONG WITH JULIUS LESTER AND J
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Poetry Song Lyrics are the written
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Writer’s Craft Vary Sentences Goo
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Answer Questions Test Strategy Auth
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Answer Questions Radio Today By the
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Talk About It Why is the American R
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Vocabulary and Comprehension Rhode
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Sleds on Boston Common Main Selecti
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We had to hurry. Mr. Andrews would
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Again and again, my brothers and my
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Poetry Paul Revere was a hero of th
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The first battle between the patrio
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Fictional Narrative Your Turn Write
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the Right to VOTE 290
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Vocabulary representative postpone
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Comprehension Genre A Biography tel
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er name was Esther Mae Hobart McQui
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298 Colonel Bright was opposed by a
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When Mr. Sheeks came back into the
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HEADING WEST WITH CONNIE NORDHIELM
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Social Studies Genre Textbooks pres
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Carrie Chapman Catt was born Carrie
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Writer’s Craft Word Choice Word c
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Poem Your Turn People often write p
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Protecting the ENVIRONMENT 315
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AN EARTH DAY OF THEIR OWN What’s
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magine a future of constant storms
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environment is no prosperity at all
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Writing Prompt A company wants to b
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Vocabulary brimming gushed landscap
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Comprehension Genre Realistic Ficti
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I’ll always remember the first da
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There she stood all alone beneath h
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Early one evening, after the food h
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I couldn’t sleep that night, for
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The hut was empty when I returned.
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I dropped the bucket tied to my wai
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“We will fix it,” said the chie
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Cristina Kessler has visited more t
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Genre Science Nonfiction Articles e
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True or False? Deserts are flat and
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Writer’s Craft Dialogue Well-chos
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Talk About It What kinds of new tec
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Vocabulary and Comprehension We are
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Zathura written and illustrated by
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Science These robots, called the Ma
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Community Service Projects Promotin
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Vocabulary scald permission autogra
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Comprehension Genre Historical Fict
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’Tricia Ann was about to burst wi
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At the corner a green and white bus
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Holding her hat, ’Tricia Ann lean
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At the edge of the square, she gree
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So often she’d wondered what it w
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Hurrying past Mr. John Willis, ’T
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Two blocks later ’Tricia Ann came
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Patricia C. McKissack based this st
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Social Studies Genre An Autobiograp
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416 Later on I learned there had be
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418 Writer’s Craft Facts and Opin
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Expository Writing Your Turn Find a
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Talk About It How do animals defend
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Vocabulary and Comprehension Soon a
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Main Selection Carlos Skunk and the
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Carlos could not remember how long
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The next day, Carlos had planned to
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Carlos’s family walked to the chu
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Comprehension Check Summarize Summa
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Science Some adaptations help anim
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Would you touch a black-and-yellow-
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Expository Writing Your Turn Observ
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Talk About It What are the characte
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Real World Reading Vocabulary compe
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Real World Reading Comprehension Ge
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Even in 1960 only about 63% of the
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Answer Questions Test Strategy On M
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Writing: Fictional Narrative Write
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Writing Prompt You are traveling by
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Talk About It What is the most extr
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Vocabulary and Comprehension Hurric
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Main Selection by S EYMOUR SIMON Hu
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The word hurricane comes from peopl
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Even after a hurricane passes by, c
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Poetry My paisano, the road runner
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Expository Writing Your Turn Choose
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482
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Vocabulary riverbank educate wares
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Comprehension Genre A Play is a sto
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CHARACTERs THE GRIOT (STORYTELLER)
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GRIOT: And now it’s time for our
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CHILD TWO: Or bread. GRIOT: Or othe
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FISHER: I know what you should do!
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FISHER: May I make a humble suggest
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WOMAN WITH FRUIT: There’s nothing
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CHILD ONE: What a tricky fisher! He
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GRIOT: The fisher walked to the edg
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TELLING STORIES WITH ANGELA SHELF M
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Language Arts Fables are stories th
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Writer’s Craft Precise Words Good
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Answer Questions Test Strategy Righ
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Answer Questions Edison’s success
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Talk About It What images come to m
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Vocabulary and Comprehension One mi
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Main Selection by Jennifer Armstron
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Frank Hurley (left) and the ship’
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The crew took turns at the pumps, t
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Ocean Camp was to be their home for
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The next days were filled with dang
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The voyage of the James Caird. Only
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The first storms came quickly. Whil
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A steamer was outfitted to make for
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Comprehension Check Summarize Write
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Social Studies Modern-day adventure
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Connect and Compare 1. Think about
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Descriptive Writing Your Turn What
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542
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Vocabulary shortage strategy bedlam
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Comprehension Genre Fantasy has inv
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Each afternoon his mother asked him
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"What’s happened to your watch?"
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His parents noted Wesley’s improv
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Meet Weslandia Creators Paul Fleisc
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Genre Science Online Encyclopedia E
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Writer’s Craft Mood Writers use d
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Descriptive Writing Your Turn Write
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Learning from Nature 567
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All the earthkeepers pitched in to
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IN 1803, President Thomas Jefferson
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with bushes and scrubby trees. The
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Writing Prompt “Teaching Earthkee
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578
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Vocabulary corridor shield reservat
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Comprehension Genre Historical Fict
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584 John raced up the trail, sendin
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586 “The unbreakable code is what
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“Were you scared?” asked John.
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590 “We were marched every day to
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592 “Tell me about the fighting!
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594 “How did you stay alive the r
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596 “When the American flag was r
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Decoding the Facts about Sara Hoagl
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Poetry A Cinquain is a five-line st
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Writer’s Craft Transitions Good w
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Descriptive Writing Your Turn Choos
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Talk About It What are some words t
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Vocabulary and Comprehension Makaio
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Main Selection The Gri Gri Tree fro
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I could see the ocean glittering si
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It looked as if we were going to ha
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The first thing the people decided
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“You’re going to write many sto
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Science hat is the largest animal t
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The strange-looking narwhal is a to
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Poem Your Turn What fascinates you
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The Dream Takes Shape The dreamers
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Directions: Answer the questions. Y
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638
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Vocabulary dismiss intentions despa
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Comprehension Genre Fairy Tales tak
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644 Once upon a time, in a place wh
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646 “The Tsar of this region coul
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648 As the Tsar greedily took the f
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650 The mighty bird landed in the f
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652 Alexi remained the Tsar’s bes
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Once Upon a Time with Ruth Sanderso
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Social Studies Informational Nonfic
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WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW Q WWWWWWWWWWWWWW
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Writer’s Craft Voice In an eyewit
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Explanatory Writing Your Turn What
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Talk About It Have you ever been ca
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Vocabulary and Comprehension After
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Main Selection by Laurence Yep illu
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Bobby leaned against his shoulder s
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Page 713 and 714: Bobby and I jumped back. “What’
Page 715 and 716: Bobby punched cheerfully at the air
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Page 723 and 724: Science 10 Largest National Parks i
Page 725 and 726: Then use 100% natural “Chase Away
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Page 734 and 735: Hannah Kristan has a great time in
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Page 756 and 757: 724 Blanchard and Jeffries were sal
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Page 774 and 775: Main Selection Hidden Worlds Lookin
Page 776 and 777: When Dennis looked at pond water wi
Page 778 and 779: Some people are allergic to pollen.
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Page 782 and 783: As Dennis and the team crisscrossed
Page 784 and 785: Dennis looking closely at a fern le
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Page 790 and 791: Loo-Wit, her heart broken over this
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Page 798 and 799: What Is a Glossary? A glossary can
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Page 802 and 803: canceled/complex can•celed (kan´
Page 804 and 805: delicacies/elementary del•i•ca
Page 806 and 807: flickered/gravity flick•ered (fli
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intentions/major in•ten•tions (
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nomads/preoccupied no•mads (nō´
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epresentative/scientific rep•re
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strands/theory strands (strandz) no
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uninhabited/zone un•in•hab•it
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Animals Animals. 188-189: Siede Pre
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