RIC-3531 Primary Science - Book D (Digital)

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Crystal Shapes Changing States – Activity 4 Lesson Focus Outcomes Natural and Processed materials 2.12 Distinguishes between changes that can not be readily reversed and those that can. Indicators • Uses a variety of materials to form crystals. • Uses a hand lens to observe and draw formed crystals. Skills Focus • Follows a procedure • Communicates • Observes • Records • Infers Background Information When a large amount of a substance like sugar, salt or borax is dissolved in hot water, the water eventually becomes saturated – it is filled to capacity with dissolved crystals. As the water evaporates there isn’t enough left to keep the crystals dissolved, so they begin to reform. Crystals grow best when the solution cools slowly. The hot water breaks down the sugar (or substance used) into tiny molecules that are impossible to see. Hot water holds more sugar molecules than cold water, so when the water cools and evaporates it can’t hold as much sugar. The sugar molecules come out of the solution and ‘stack together’ to form crystals. More crystals grow as more water evaporates. Before the Lesson Materials Needed Glass jars, pipe cleaners, string, tablespoon, water, kettle, hand lens, old pencil or popstick, borax (salt, Epsom salts or sugar may also be used), pictures of snow and snowflakes (close-ups), gems or crystals, sand, sugar. Preparation • Crystals can take a long time to form so start ‘observation days’ several days after the preparation is prepared. • Organise enough materials for small groups or pairs to grow crystals. The Lesson Stimulus • Show pictures of snow and snowflakes and talk about how they are a type of crystal. Have a bucket of sand and a bowl of sugar for children to feel and view using magnifying glasses. These too, are types of crystals. Discuss what the shapes of the sugar and sand look like. Discuss how a diamond is a valuable crystal that is formed under heat and pressure below the Earth’s surface. What to Do Can we grow our own crystals? • With the help of an adult, fill a heatproof jar with hot water (boiling is best). • Add borax (or another suggested substance) about a tablespoon at a time, mixing until it dissolves. • Keep doing this until no more will dissolve. (This will be about three tablespoons to a cup of hot water.) • Bend the pipe-cleaner into a star or other desired shape, and tie a length of string to it. • Place the shape into the solution. Lay a pencil or popstick across the jar opening and tie the string to it so the shape is suspended low into the solution but not touching the bottom of the glass. • Place the jar in a sunny position so the solution can evaporate and watch the crystals form. • Record the changes. Observe the formed crystals closely using hand lenses. Record the results. After the Lesson Answers Teacher check Additional Activities • Try adding different food colourings to form coloured crystals. • Make up three or four different solutions using a different substance in each; e.g. Epsom salts, borax, sugar, salt. Compare the differences in the crystals they produce. (Epsom salts will need twice the volume of water.) Display Ideas • Make different shapes from the pipe-cleaners. When the crystals have formed, hang them as a mobile from punched holes in the rim of a yoghurt container. • Make paper snowflakes by folding and cutting patterns in coloured paper. Display around the room. • Make 3-D crystal shapes out of card, shapes, or recycled products. How many different shapes can you research and make? ©R.I.C. Publications Low Resolution Images Display Copy 48 PRIMARY SCIENCE ~ R.I.C. Publications ® ~ www.ricpublications.com.au ISBN 978-1-925660-54-8
Changing States – Activity 4 1. Crystal Shapes Describe your experiment below. My group: What we used: What we did: 2. Results Day Day Day Day Day Day ©R.I.C. Publications Low Resolution Images Display Copy 3. Describe and draw in detail your crystals. PRIMARY SCIENCE ~ R.I.C. Publications ® ~ www.ricpublications.com.au 49 ISBN 978-1-925660-54-8
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Meeting the Needs of Students Diffe
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Page 15 and 16: life cycles frogs life cycle of a f
Page 17 and 18: Life Cycles - Activity 1 Life Goes
Page 19 and 20: Life Cycles - Activity 2 Life Cycle
Page 21 and 22: Life Cycles - Activity 3 Plant Life
Page 23 and 24: Life Cycles - Activity 4 The Sea Tu
Page 25 and 26: animal adaptation plant adaptation
Page 27 and 28: Adaptations - Activity 1 Adaptation
Page 29 and 30: Adaptations - Activity 2 Plant Adap
Page 31 and 32: Adaptations - Activity 3 Animal Ada
Page 33 and 34: Adaptations - Activity 4 Adapting B
Page 35 and 36: ureau of meteorology weather meteor
Page 37 and 38: Weather - Activity 1 The Water Cycl
Page 39 and 40: Weather - Activity 2 1. a Design a
Page 41 and 42: Weather - Activity 3 1. Write about
Page 43 and 44: Weather - Activity 4 Wild Winds! 1.
Page 45 and 46: Our Environment The Local Environme
Page 47 and 48: Changes to the Local Environment -
Page 49 and 50: Changes to the Local Environment -
Page 51 and 52: Changes in the Local Environment -
Page 53 and 54: Changes in the Local Environment -
Page 55 and 56: changing state changing matter evap
Page 57 and 58: Changing States - Activity 1 Solids
Page 59 and 60: Changing States - Activity 2 Changi
Page 61: Changing States - Activity 3 1. Wri
Page 65 and 66: idges history of bridges bridge des
Page 67 and 68: Structures - Activity 1 The Tallest
Page 69 and 70: Structures - Activity 2 Weak and St
Page 71 and 72: Structures - Activity 3 Bridge Buil
Page 73 and 74: Structures - Activity 4 Bridge Buil
Page 75 and 76: Magnets magnets magnetise magnetic
Page 77 and 78: Magnets - Activity 1 Magnetic Attra
Page 79 and 80: Magnets - Activity 2 1. Test your m
Page 81 and 82: Magnets - Activity 3 Magnetic Force
Page 83 and 84: Magnets - Activity 4 Magnetic Probl
Page 85 and 86: Flight flight aeroplanes helicopter
Page 87 and 88: Flight - Activity 1 A ‘Loopy’ A
Page 89 and 90: Flight - Activity 2 Gyrocopter When
Page 91 and 92: Flight - Activity 3 Follow the step
Page 93 and 94: Flight - Activity 4 Follow the step
Page 95: Flight - Activity 3 (resource) A Wh
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RIC-3531 Primary Science - Book D (Digital)

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