Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield - Federation of American ...

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CHAPTER 2 FM 34-130 CONDUCTING INTELLIGENCE PREPARATION OF THE BATTLEFIELD When I took a decision or adopted an alternative, it was after studying every relevant—and many an irrelevant—factor. Geography, tribal structure, religion, social customs, language, appetites, standards—all were at my finger-ends. The enemy I knew almost like my own side. —T.E. Lawrence (Lawrence of Arabia), 1933 As discussed in Chapter 1, IPB consists of four steps which you perform each time you conduct IPB: Define the battlefield environment. Describe the battlefield’s effects. Evaluate the threat. Determine threat COAs. How To Conduct IPB Each step of the IPB process consists of several principal judgment decisions and evaluations which together form the basic “how to” of IPB. These are presented in outline form below: Define the battlefield environment Identify significant characteristics of the environment. Identify the limits of the command’s AO and battle space. Establish the limits of the AI. Identify the amount of detail required and feasible within the time available for IPB. Evaluate existing data bases and identify intelligence gaps. Collect the material and intelligence required to conduct the remainder of IPB. Describe the battlefield’s effects Analyze the battlefield environment: Terrain analysis. Weather analysis. Analysis of other characteristics of the battlefield. Describe the battlefield’s effects on threat and friendly capabilities and broad COAs. Evaluate the threat Update or create threat models: Convert threat doctrine or patterns of operation to graphics (doctrinal templates). Describe in words the threat’s tactics and options. Identify HVTs. 2-1
FM 34-130 2-2 Identify threat capabilities. Determine threat COAs Identify the threat’s likely objectives and desired end state. Identify the full set of COAs available to the threat. Evaluate and prioritize each COA. Develop each COA in the amount of detail time allows. Identify initial collection requirements. The principles and steps of the IPB process remain constant regardless of the type of mission, unit, staff section, or echelon conducting IPB. The application of the principles, however, varies with each specific situation. The situation template prepared by an air defense battery, for example, is very different from the one prepared by an EW section or a CIAS. Similarly, a given unit or staff section does not always prepare all IPB products in every situation. Determining which products to prepare and identifying their relative priority depends on the factors of METT-T and command guidance. Chapters 3 through 6 give examples of IPB applied in specific situations, illustrating modification of the basic process to particular needs. The remainder of this chapter describes each step of the IPB process in detail. What Is It? Define the Battlefield Environment Definition: Identifying for further analysis specific features of the environment or activities within it, and the physical space where they exist, that may influence available COAs or the commander’s decisions. Two Examples: During planning for a humanitarian assistance operation, the J2 identifies the activity of local armed factions as a feature influencing available COAs and his commander’s decisions. The J2 expands the AI to encompass the area within the neighboring country where these groups have established safe havens. He examines the data bases and determines that they do not contain the information he needs to estimate the different COAs each faction might adopt. He identifies for collection information he needs about the areas where they are located and their past operations. Realizing that the information will probably arrive too late to support initial planning, the J2 discusses with the commander reasonable assumptions for use during planning. As the intelligence arrives, he confirms his initial assumptions and incorporates the new information into his ongoing IPB process. During planning for a mounted attack, the S2 identifies the enemy’s divisional attack helicopters as a major threat to accomplishment of the brigade’s mission. The S2 expands the brigade’s AI to encompass the reported location of the enemy’s attack helicopter battalion and the zone where it will probably establish forward operating bases and forward area arming and refueling sites. He reviews his intelligence holdings to determine the types of intelligence he will need about the terrain, weather, and enemy helicopter operations to identify potential helicopter locations and COAs. He builds an initial reconnaissance and surveillance (R&S) plan to provide the intelligence he needs to complete his IPB. As the
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Page 5 and 6: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION FM 34-130 If
Page 7 and 8: FM 34-130 circumstances. When facin
Page 9 and 10: FM 34-130 The doctrinal principles
Page 11 and 12: FM 34-130 accompany the wargaming s
Page 13 and 14: Decide: Detect: Deliver: FM 34-130
Page 15 and 16: FM 34-130 IPB products also contrib
Page 17: FM 34-130 How IPB Relates to Everyt
Page 21 and 22: FM 34-130 2-4 Population demographi
Page 23 and 24: FM 34-130 2-6 each of the character
Page 25 and 26: FM 34-130 province. The region’s
Page 27 and 28: FM 34-130 2-10 Battle positions. In
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Page 31 and 32: FM 34-130 2-14 Defending forces see
Page 33 and 34: FM 34-130 2-16 cross-hatching as ap
Page 35 and 36: FM 34-130 2-18 Major obstacles are
Page 37 and 38: FM 34-130 2-20 Normally, identify A
Page 39 and 40: FM 34-130 2-22 Artillery firing pos
Page 41 and 42: FM 34-130 2-24 Winds: Winds of suff
Page 43 and 44: FM 34-130 2-26 You do not have the
Page 45 and 46: FM 34-130 2-28 These other characte
Page 47 and 48: FM 34-130 So What? An evaluation of
Page 49 and 50: FM 34-130 2-32 Construct doctrinal
Page 51 and 52: FM 34-130 2-34 Maneuver. Air defens
Page 53 and 54: FM 34-130 2-36 If his air defense c
Page 55 and 56: FM 34-130 2-38 Additional Considera
Page 57 and 58: FM 34-130 So What? The staff uses t
Page 59 and 60: FM 34-130 2-42 Refine each broad CO
Page 61 and 62: FM 34-130 2-44 EVALUATE AND PRIORIT
Page 63 and 64: FM 34-130 2-46 systems, and counter
Page 65 and 66: FM 34-130 2-48 Tailor the situation
Page 67 and 68: FM 34-130 2-50 Rely on staff expert
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FM 34-130 2-52 Additional Considera
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FM 34-130 2-54 Begin by developing
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FM 34-130 3-2
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FM 34-130 3-4 We establish the AI t
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FM 34-130 3-6 Using the combined ob
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FM 34-130 3-8 Although they have al
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FM 34-130 3-10 Using the defensible
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FM 34-130 3-12 Even though we expec
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FM 34-130 3-14 We also identify the
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FM 34-130 3-16 We compare the criti
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FM 34-130 3-18 Here, we identify th
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FM 34-130 3-20 To identify the like
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FM 34-130 3-22 The threat model alr
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FM 34-130 3-24 Since the threat mod
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FM 34-130 3-26 As enemy COA 1, we p
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FM 34-130 3-28 Obviously, the enemy
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FM 34-130 3-30 We continue to devel
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FM 34-130 3-32 We also refine the l
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FM 34-130 3-34 We examine the situa
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FM 34-130 3-36 We evaluate the COA
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FM 34-130 3-38 DISSEMINATE, USE, AN
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FM 34-130 3-40 The EW officer uses
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FM 34-130 3-42 The chemical section
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FM 34-130 3-44 DEFINE THE BATTLEFIE
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FM 34-130 3-46 There are few obstac
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FM 34-130 3-48 EVALUATE THE THREAT
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FM 34-130 3-50
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FM 34-130 3-52 We create a matrix t
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FM 34-130 3-54 We prepare an event
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FM 34-130 3-56 DEFINE THE BATTLEFIE
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FM 34-130 3-58 Although unusual, th
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FM 34-130 3-60 The S2 decided that
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FM 34-130 3-62
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FM 34-130 3-64
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FM 34-130 3-66 Using all the inform
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FM 34-130 3-68
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FM 34-130 3-70 The section does the
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FM 34-130 3-72 DETERMINE THREAT COU
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FM 34-130 3-74 relatively limited n
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FM 34-130 3-76 Scenario Four: Nonco
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FM 34-130 3-78 The AI includes our
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FM 34-130 3-80 We examine how the b
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FM 34-130 3-82 Although both rebel
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FM 34-130 3-84 EVALUATE THE THREAT
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FM 34-130 3-86 We also conduct a ti
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FM 34-130 3-88 We use similar techn
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FM 34-130 3-90 The situation templa
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FM 34-130 4-2 Probable target insta
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FM 34-130 4-4 Refine standard threa
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FM 34-130 4-6 Evaluate the Threat:
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FM 34-130 4-8 How long does it take
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FM 34-130 4-10 Remoting of communic
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FM 34-130 4-12 Obstacle placement.
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FM 34-130 4-14 LOS characteristics
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FM 34-130 4-16 Indicators of prepar
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FM 34-130 4-18 Describe the Battlef
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FM 34-130 4-20 Identify terrain tha
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FM 34-130 4-22 Request for commitme
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FM 34-130 5-2 As tactical units ope
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FM 34-130 5-4 lines, but two intern
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FM 34-130 5-6 Determine Threat Cour
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CHAPTER 6 INTELLIGENCE PREPARATION
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FM 34-130 Evaluate the Threat: Cons
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FM 34-130 Identify narco-terrorist
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FM 34-130 Weather may affect the tu
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FM 34-130 Group skills and specialt
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FM 34-130 Current position, attitud
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FM 34-130 Noncombatant Evacuation O
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FM 34-130 Determine Threat Courses
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FM 34-130 when the situation requir
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FM 34-130 Techniques for applying I
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FM 34-130 A-2 General Rules The rel
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FM 34-130 A-4 Artillery barrages ag
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FM 34-130 A-6
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FM 34-130 A-8 single intelligence r
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FM 34-130 A-10 the S2 learns that a
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FM 34-130 A-12 On order, C Company
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FM 34-130 A-14 Summary The synchron
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FM 34-130 B-2 Describe the Battlefi
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FM 34-130 B-4 The “tactics” por
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FM 34-130 B-6 Alternate and supplem
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FM 34-130 B-8
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FM 34-130 B-10
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FM 34-130 B-12
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FM 34-130 B-14
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FM 34-130 B-16
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FM 34-130 B-18
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FM 34-130 B-20
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FM 34-130 B-22
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FM 34-130 B-24
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FM 34-130 B-26
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FM 34-130 B-28
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FM 34-130 B-30
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FM 34-130 B-32
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FM 34-130 B-34
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FM 34-130 B-36
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FM 34-130 B-38
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FM 34-130 fp/s FRAGO FRG FS FSB FSE
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FM 34-130 Area of interest - The ge
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FM 34-130 elements such as enemy fo
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FM 34-130 Line of departure (LD) -
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FM 34-130 Situation map - A recordi
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REFERENCES SOURCES USED These are t
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INDEX FM 34-130 Index-1
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FM 34-130 Index-3
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By Order of the Secretary of the Ar
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