Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield - Federation of American ...

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FM 34-130 areas of most importance to the commander and his mission. For example, when conducting terrain analysis for a signal unit you might focus on identifying locations from which the unit’s assets can best support the force commander while also identifying the best locations for the threat’s EW assets that might target friendly signal systems. Similarly, a CIAS might focus on locations that best support employment of threat intelligence collection systems and locations that best protect friendly elements from their collection activities. See Chapter 4 for additional considerations for tailoring terrain analysis. The engineer (terrain) detachment that supports divisions, corps, and echelons above corps (EAC) usually conducts the major portion of the terrain analysis, combining extensive data base information with the results of reconnaissance. The engineers work closely with the US Air Force (USAF) weather detachment or staff weather officer to ensure that their terrain analysis incorporates the effects of current and projected weather phenomena. The engineer (terrain) detachment has access to special terrain data bases compiled by the Defense Mapping Agency (DMA), allowing automated support of the terrain analysis process. TERRABASE, if available, also offers automated terrain analysis capabilities. While unequaled in conducting pre-hostility and pre-deployment terrain analysis, you should supplement these data bases with reconnaissance of the terrain in question whenever feasible. If engineer terrain support is unavailable, evaluate the terrain through a map analysis supplemented by reconnaissance. DMA produces specialized maps, overlays, and data bases to aid in map based evaluations. Specialized DMA products address such factors as— Cross-country mobility. Transportation systems (road and bridge information). Vegetation type and distribution. Surface drainage and configuration. Surface materials (soils). Ground water. Obstacles. Ensure that the terrain analysis includes the effects of weather on the military aspects of the terrain. Consider the existing situation as well as conditions forecasted to occur during mission execution. Also consider that terrain analysis is a continuous process. Changes in the battlefield environment may change the evaluations of its effects that result from terrain analysis. For example: If built-up areas are reduced to rubble or lines of communication (LOCs) are destroyed by battle, you must reevaluate the mobility characteristics of the AO. Similarly, if weather conditions change you must reevaluate the terrain’s effect on military operations. Terrain analysis must always consider the effects of weather. Express the results of evaluating the terrain’s effects by identifying areas of the battlefield that favor, disfavor, or do not affect each broad COA. Examples of conclusions about the terrain that help you make evaluations of the terrain’s effects are identification of the places best suited for use as— Engagement areas. 2-9
FM 34-130 2-10 Battle positions. Infiltration lanes. Avenues of approach. Specific system or asset locations. You reach conclusions about the effects of terrain through two sub-steps: (1) Analyze the military aspects of the terrain; and (2) Evaluate the terrain’s effects on military operations. (1) ANALYZE THE MILITARY ASPECTS OF THE TERRAIN. Terrain analysis consists of an evaluation of the military aspects of the battlefield’s terrain to determine its effects on military operations. The military aspects of terrain are— Observation and fields of fire. Concealment and cover. Obstacles. Key terrain. Avenues of approach. Consider all of these factors when analyzing terrain, but always focus on the ones of most relevance to the specific situation at hand and the needs of the commander. Evaluate them in any order that best supports your analysis. Remember that the terrain analysis is not the end product of the IPB process. Rather, it is the means to determine which friendly COAs can best exploit the opportunities the terrain provides and how the terrain affects the threat’s available COAs. Observation and Fields of Fire: Observation is the ability to see the threat either visually or through the use of surveillance devices. Factors that limit or deny observation include concealment and cover. A field of fire is the area that a weapon or group of weapons may effectively cover with fire from a given position. Terrain that offers cover limits fields of fire. Terrain that offers good observation and fields of fire generally favors defensive COAs. The evaluation of observation and fields of fire allows you to— Identify potential engagement areas, or “fire sacks” and “kill zones. ” Identify defensible terrain and specific system or equipment positions. Identify where maneuvering forces are most vulnerable to observation and fires. Evaluate observation from the perspective of electronic and optical line-of-sight (LOS) systems as well as unaided visual observation. Consider systems such as weapon sights, laser range finders, radars, radios, and jammers. While ground based systems usually require horizontal LOS, airborne systems use oblique and vertical LOS. The same is true of air defense systems (see Figures 2-3 through 2-5). An evaluation of oblique LOS aids in planning ADA system locations, selecting landing zones (LZs) and drop zones (DZs), planning helicopter forward area arming end refueling point (FAARP) locations, identifying areas vulnerable to aerial intelligence collection systems, and selecting low-level flight routes and aerial battle positions.
Page 1 and 2: *FM 34-130 i
Page 3 and 4: FM 34-130 iii
Page 5 and 6: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION FM 34-130 If
Page 7 and 8: FM 34-130 circumstances. When facin
Page 9 and 10: FM 34-130 The doctrinal principles
Page 11 and 12: FM 34-130 accompany the wargaming s
Page 13 and 14: Decide: Detect: Deliver: FM 34-130
Page 15 and 16: FM 34-130 IPB products also contrib
Page 17 and 18: FM 34-130 How IPB Relates to Everyt
Page 19 and 20: FM 34-130 2-2 Identify threat capab
Page 21 and 22: FM 34-130 2-4 Population demographi
Page 23 and 24: FM 34-130 2-6 each of the character
Page 25: FM 34-130 province. The region’s
Page 29 and 30: FM 34-130 2-12
Page 31 and 32: FM 34-130 2-14 Defending forces see
Page 33 and 34: FM 34-130 2-16 cross-hatching as ap
Page 35 and 36: FM 34-130 2-18 Major obstacles are
Page 37 and 38: FM 34-130 2-20 Normally, identify A
Page 39 and 40: FM 34-130 2-22 Artillery firing pos
Page 41 and 42: FM 34-130 2-24 Winds: Winds of suff
Page 43 and 44: FM 34-130 2-26 You do not have the
Page 45 and 46: FM 34-130 2-28 These other characte
Page 47 and 48: FM 34-130 So What? An evaluation of
Page 49 and 50: FM 34-130 2-32 Construct doctrinal
Page 51 and 52: FM 34-130 2-34 Maneuver. Air defens
Page 53 and 54: FM 34-130 2-36 If his air defense c
Page 55 and 56: FM 34-130 2-38 Additional Considera
Page 57 and 58: FM 34-130 So What? The staff uses t
Page 59 and 60: FM 34-130 2-42 Refine each broad CO
Page 61 and 62: FM 34-130 2-44 EVALUATE AND PRIORIT
Page 63 and 64: FM 34-130 2-46 systems, and counter
Page 65 and 66: FM 34-130 2-48 Tailor the situation
Page 67 and 68: FM 34-130 2-50 Rely on staff expert
Page 69 and 70: FM 34-130 2-52 Additional Considera
Page 71 and 72: FM 34-130 2-54 Begin by developing
Page 73 and 74: FM 34-130 3-2
Page 75 and 76: FM 34-130 3-4 We establish the AI t
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FM 34-130 3-6 Using the combined ob
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FM 34-130 3-8 Although they have al
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FM 34-130 3-10 Using the defensible
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FM 34-130 3-12 Even though we expec
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FM 34-130 3-14 We also identify the
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FM 34-130 3-16 We compare the criti
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FM 34-130 3-18 Here, we identify th
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FM 34-130 3-20 To identify the like
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FM 34-130 3-22 The threat model alr
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FM 34-130 3-24 Since the threat mod
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FM 34-130 3-26 As enemy COA 1, we p
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FM 34-130 3-28 Obviously, the enemy
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FM 34-130 3-30 We continue to devel
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FM 34-130 3-32 We also refine the l
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FM 34-130 3-34 We examine the situa
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FM 34-130 3-36 We evaluate the COA
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FM 34-130 3-38 DISSEMINATE, USE, AN
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FM 34-130 3-40 The EW officer uses
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FM 34-130 3-42 The chemical section
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FM 34-130 3-44 DEFINE THE BATTLEFIE
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FM 34-130 3-46 There are few obstac
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FM 34-130 3-48 EVALUATE THE THREAT
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FM 34-130 3-50
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FM 34-130 3-52 We create a matrix t
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FM 34-130 3-54 We prepare an event
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FM 34-130 3-56 DEFINE THE BATTLEFIE
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FM 34-130 3-58 Although unusual, th
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FM 34-130 3-60 The S2 decided that
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FM 34-130 3-62
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FM 34-130 3-64
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FM 34-130 3-66 Using all the inform
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FM 34-130 3-68
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FM 34-130 3-70 The section does the
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FM 34-130 3-72 DETERMINE THREAT COU
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FM 34-130 3-74 relatively limited n
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FM 34-130 3-76 Scenario Four: Nonco
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FM 34-130 3-78 The AI includes our
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FM 34-130 3-80 We examine how the b
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FM 34-130 3-82 Although both rebel
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FM 34-130 3-84 EVALUATE THE THREAT
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FM 34-130 3-86 We also conduct a ti
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FM 34-130 3-88 We use similar techn
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FM 34-130 3-90 The situation templa
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FM 34-130 4-2 Probable target insta
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FM 34-130 4-4 Refine standard threa
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FM 34-130 4-6 Evaluate the Threat:
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FM 34-130 4-8 How long does it take
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FM 34-130 4-10 Remoting of communic
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FM 34-130 4-12 Obstacle placement.
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FM 34-130 4-14 LOS characteristics
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FM 34-130 4-16 Indicators of prepar
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FM 34-130 4-18 Describe the Battlef
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FM 34-130 4-20 Identify terrain tha
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FM 34-130 4-22 Request for commitme
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FM 34-130 5-2 As tactical units ope
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FM 34-130 5-4 lines, but two intern
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FM 34-130 5-6 Determine Threat Cour
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CHAPTER 6 INTELLIGENCE PREPARATION
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FM 34-130 Evaluate the Threat: Cons
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FM 34-130 Identify narco-terrorist
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FM 34-130 Weather may affect the tu
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FM 34-130 Group skills and specialt
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FM 34-130 Current position, attitud
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FM 34-130 Noncombatant Evacuation O
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FM 34-130 Determine Threat Courses
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FM 34-130 when the situation requir
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FM 34-130 Techniques for applying I
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FM 34-130 A-2 General Rules The rel
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FM 34-130 A-4 Artillery barrages ag
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FM 34-130 A-6
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FM 34-130 A-8 single intelligence r
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FM 34-130 A-10 the S2 learns that a
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FM 34-130 A-12 On order, C Company
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FM 34-130 A-14 Summary The synchron
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FM 34-130 B-2 Describe the Battlefi
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FM 34-130 B-4 The “tactics” por
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FM 34-130 B-6 Alternate and supplem
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FM 34-130 B-8
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FM 34-130 B-10
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FM 34-130 B-12
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FM 34-130 B-14
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FM 34-130 B-16
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FM 34-130 B-18
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FM 34-130 B-20
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FM 34-130 B-22
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FM 34-130 B-24
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FM 34-130 B-26
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FM 34-130 B-28
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FM 34-130 B-30
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FM 34-130 B-32
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FM 34-130 B-34
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FM 34-130 B-36
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FM 34-130 B-38
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FM 34-130 fp/s FRAGO FRG FS FSB FSE
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FM 34-130 Area of interest - The ge
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FM 34-130 elements such as enemy fo
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FM 34-130 Line of departure (LD) -
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FM 34-130 Situation map - A recordi
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REFERENCES SOURCES USED These are t
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INDEX FM 34-130 Index-1
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FM 34-130 Index-3
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By Order of the Secretary of the Ar
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