Catalog of a Collection of Photographs by Gérard Allon in the Judaica Collection of the Harvard library
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G É R A R D A L L O N<br />
<strong>Catalog</strong> <strong>of</strong> a <strong>Collection</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Photographs</strong> <strong>by</strong> Gérard <strong>Allon</strong><br />
<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Judaica</strong> <strong>Collection</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Harvard</strong> Library<br />
Introduction<br />
Gérard <strong>Allon</strong>:<br />
Immigrant, Pioneer, Visionary, Mystic<br />
<strong>by</strong><br />
Nissan N. Perez<br />
Israel Museum<br />
Jerusalem, Israel<br />
Dispute over Photonic Representations<br />
<strong>by</strong><br />
Gérard <strong>Allon</strong><br />
Tel Aviv, Israel<br />
<strong>Harvard</strong> Library<br />
Cambridge, Massachusetts<br />
2012
A publication <strong>of</strong> The Sherman H. Starr <strong>Judaica</strong> Library Publication Fund.<br />
Images <strong>by</strong> Gérard <strong>Allon</strong> © Gérard <strong>Allon</strong><br />
Figure 4 © <strong>by</strong> Israfilm Ltd.<br />
Figure 5 © NMC United<br />
<strong>Catalog</strong> © President and Fellows <strong>of</strong> <strong>Harvard</strong> College
TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S<br />
FOREWORD<br />
CHARLES BERLIN AND VIOLET RADNOFSKY 1<br />
INTRODUCTION<br />
GÉRARD ALLON: IMMIGRANT, PIONEER, VISIONARY, MYSTIC<br />
NISSAN N. PEREZ 3<br />
PHOTOGRAPHS BY GÉRARD ALLON 27<br />
LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS 129<br />
INDEX BY TITLE OF PHOTOGRAPHS 131<br />
PERSONAL STATEMENT<br />
DISPUTE OVER PHOTONIC REPRESENTATIONS<br />
GÉRARD ALLON 19<br />
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 26<br />
INVENTORY OF GÉRARD ALLON PHOTOGRAPHS<br />
IN THE HARVARD LIBRARY 133<br />
INDEX BY TITLE OF GÉRARD ALLON THEATER PHOTOGRAPHS<br />
IN THE HARVARD LIBRARY 141
F O R E WO R D<br />
As part <strong>of</strong> its program <strong>of</strong> document<strong>in</strong>g Jewish life and culture<br />
throughout history, <strong>the</strong> <strong>Judaica</strong> Division has, over <strong>the</strong> last<br />
decade, engaged <strong>in</strong> an <strong>in</strong>tensive effort to develop an archive <strong>of</strong><br />
visual resources that document Jewish history and culture, with special<br />
emphasis on <strong>the</strong> State <strong>of</strong> Israel. The result <strong>of</strong> this effort to date is<br />
an archive <strong>of</strong> some 3.6 million digital images, freely accessible through<br />
<strong>the</strong> Internet (via <strong>Harvard</strong> Library’s onl<strong>in</strong>e Visual Information Access<br />
<strong>Catalog</strong>, via.lib.harvard.edu).<br />
The goals <strong>of</strong> this effort are: to provide a critical mass <strong>of</strong> visual primary<br />
source material to complement <strong>the</strong> Library’s extensive collection <strong>of</strong><br />
pr<strong>in</strong>t and audiovisual <strong>Judaica</strong>; to enhance <strong>the</strong> <strong>Judaica</strong> <strong>Collection</strong> as an<br />
<strong>in</strong>terdiscipl<strong>in</strong>ary research resource, and to encourage and facilitate<br />
scholarship that transcends traditional formats; to give access to an<br />
array <strong>of</strong> primary source materials that are not readily accessible to<br />
scholars, if at all; and to preserve for present and future scholars primary<br />
source materials that o<strong>the</strong>rwise might eventually be lost.<br />
The Israel component <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Judaica</strong> visual resources onl<strong>in</strong>e archive<br />
already has a wide range <strong>of</strong> photographs (digital copies or “born digital”<br />
images): historical photographs from <strong>the</strong> Central Zionist Archives and<br />
<strong>the</strong> Jewish National Fund archive; photographs document<strong>in</strong>g people,<br />
places and events <strong>in</strong> Israel <strong>by</strong> Ya‘akov Agor, Yitshak Amit, David Haris,<br />
Boaz Lanir, Reuven Milon, and Eldad Rafaeli; photographs <strong>of</strong> life<br />
<strong>in</strong> kibbutzim <strong>in</strong> Galiliee (K<strong>in</strong>eret, Kefar Giladi, Masadah, Ha-Zorea,<br />
G<strong>in</strong>osar, En Gev), <strong>by</strong> Naftali Oppenheim, Yigal Ashuah, Peter Merom,<br />
Azaria Alon and o<strong>the</strong>rs; photographs document<strong>in</strong>g Israeli culture<br />
(especially <strong>the</strong>atrical performances), <strong>by</strong> Ya‘akov Agor, Gérard <strong>Allon</strong>,<br />
Gadi Dagon, Israel Haramaty, Eyal Landesman and Yossi Zwecker; and<br />
photographs document<strong>in</strong>g Israeli material culture <strong>by</strong> Israel Haramaty<br />
and o<strong>the</strong>rs.<br />
The 3.4 million digital images <strong>of</strong> photographs are complemented <strong>by</strong><br />
some 200,000 images <strong>of</strong> Israeli posters and ephemera deal<strong>in</strong>g with all<br />
aspects <strong>of</strong> Israeli life and culture <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong>ater, dance, music, art,<br />
politics <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g national and municipal elections, religious and social<br />
life, and commercial advertisements. The collection also <strong>in</strong>cludes<br />
digital images <strong>of</strong> Israeli art materials (Ben Uri Museum, Studio Malka<br />
Haas, and <strong>the</strong> Lionel Reiss <strong>Collection</strong>) and architectural plans (Ben<br />
Uri Museum and Lipa Yahalom – Dan Tzur <strong>Collection</strong>). In addition to<br />
<strong>the</strong> Israel-related images, <strong>the</strong> collection also <strong>in</strong>cludes images <strong>of</strong> <strong>Judaica</strong><br />
materials deal<strong>in</strong>g with Jewish life elsewhere, most notably posters,<br />
ephemera, and historical photographs.<br />
1
It is our hope that, as resources permit, we will be able to issue catalogs<br />
<strong>of</strong> some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se materials <strong>in</strong> order to better acqua<strong>in</strong>t <strong>the</strong> scholarly community<br />
with <strong>the</strong> Library’s onl<strong>in</strong>e <strong>Judaica</strong> resources. Our first such publication<br />
is this catalog <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> work <strong>of</strong> Gérard <strong>Allon</strong>, one <strong>of</strong> Israel’s lead<strong>in</strong>g<br />
photographers. The catalog focuses on <strong>Allon</strong>’s works document<strong>in</strong>g Israeli<br />
<strong>the</strong>atrical performances, <strong>the</strong> largest component <strong>of</strong> <strong>Harvard</strong>’s Gérard<br />
<strong>Allon</strong> collection. We are very pleased that <strong>the</strong> catalog is <strong>in</strong>troduced <strong>by</strong><br />
Nissan N. Perez <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Israel Museum, followed <strong>by</strong> a personal statement<br />
<strong>by</strong> <strong>the</strong> artist himself. The Library’s Gérard <strong>Allon</strong> collection has some<br />
73,000 digital images <strong>of</strong> <strong>Allon</strong>’s work, as well as a large sampl<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> his<br />
work <strong>in</strong> pr<strong>in</strong>ts and contact sheets prepared <strong>by</strong> <strong>the</strong> artist himself.<br />
That <strong>Harvard</strong> has been able to develop its onl<strong>in</strong>e collection <strong>of</strong> Israeli<br />
photographs is due to <strong>the</strong> sympa<strong>the</strong>tic understand<strong>in</strong>g and magnificent<br />
cooperation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> various photographers and archives who permitted<br />
us to make digital copies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir photo archives (<strong>of</strong> negatives/<br />
pr<strong>in</strong>ts or <strong>of</strong> orig<strong>in</strong>al digital photographs), and who provided <strong>the</strong> accompany<strong>in</strong>g<br />
documentation. The onl<strong>in</strong>e archive <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se images is a<br />
tribute to <strong>the</strong>ir great talent and highlights <strong>the</strong>ir vital contribution to<br />
<strong>the</strong> record<strong>in</strong>g and preservation <strong>of</strong> Israeli culture. We are truly grateful<br />
to all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m. We are equally grateful to those <strong>in</strong>dividuals who have<br />
over <strong>the</strong> years provided <strong>the</strong> Library’s <strong>Judaica</strong> Division with endowed<br />
<strong>Judaica</strong> Book Funds, <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>come from which supports all aspects <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> <strong>Judaica</strong> <strong>Collection</strong>, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> development <strong>of</strong> <strong>Judaica</strong> onl<strong>in</strong>e<br />
visual resources.<br />
It is a pleasure to express our gratitude to those who have made <strong>the</strong><br />
publication <strong>of</strong> this catalog possible: first and foremost, Gérard <strong>Allon</strong>,<br />
whose gracious cooperation and generosity <strong>of</strong> spirit over <strong>the</strong> years<br />
has enabled us to develop this virtually complete archive <strong>of</strong> his works;<br />
Nissan N. Perez, who provided <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>troduction to this catalog; Sherman<br />
H. Starr, Class <strong>of</strong> 1946, who provided <strong>the</strong> <strong>Judaica</strong> Division with<br />
<strong>the</strong> Sherman H. Starr <strong>Judaica</strong> Library Publication Fund, <strong>in</strong>come from<br />
which funds this catalog; Dr. Shmuel Levenvirth and <strong>the</strong> staff <strong>of</strong> Dantec<br />
Ltd., <strong>the</strong> Israeli high-tech company that has worked with <strong>the</strong> <strong>Judaica</strong><br />
Division for many years <strong>in</strong> digitiz<strong>in</strong>g and putt<strong>in</strong>g Israeli<br />
photographs onl<strong>in</strong>e; Daniel J. McCarron, Director, Educational<br />
Graphics Group, WordTech/Flagship Press, for his work on <strong>the</strong> pr<strong>in</strong>t<strong>in</strong>g<br />
<strong>of</strong> this catalog; Kenneth E. Carpenter, for his edit<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>troductory<br />
essays; Charles S. F<strong>in</strong>eman, for his translation from <strong>the</strong><br />
French orig<strong>in</strong>al <strong>of</strong> Gérard <strong>Allon</strong>’s personal statement; Vardit Samuels,<br />
Library Assistant <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Judaica</strong> Division, for her assistance <strong>in</strong> edit<strong>in</strong>g<br />
and text preparation; Hadassa Schwartz, Littauer Hebraica <strong>Catalog</strong>er<br />
<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Judaica</strong> Division, for her assistance <strong>in</strong> revis<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong><br />
catalog<strong>in</strong>g data for <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>ventory; and Elizabeth Vernon, Lee M. Friedman<br />
<strong>Judaica</strong> Technical Services Librarian <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Judaica</strong> Division, for<br />
compil<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>ventory <strong>of</strong> Gérard <strong>Allon</strong>’s photographs <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Judaica</strong><br />
<strong>Collection</strong> and for assist<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> all stages <strong>of</strong> this project.<br />
CHARLES BERLIN<br />
Lee M. Friedman Bibliographer <strong>in</strong> <strong>Judaica</strong><br />
Head, <strong>Judaica</strong> Division<br />
VIOLET RADNOFSKY<br />
Littauer Hebraica Technical and Research Services Librarian, <strong>Judaica</strong> Division<br />
HARVARD LIBRARY<br />
CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS<br />
21 MARCH 2012<br />
2
I N T RO D U C T I O N<br />
Gérard <strong>Allon</strong>: Immigrant, Pioneer, Visionary, Mystic<br />
N I S S A N N. P E R E Z<br />
Gérard <strong>Allon</strong> is without doubt one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most prom<strong>in</strong>ent figures<br />
<strong>in</strong> contemporary Israeli photography. Already an accomplished<br />
photographer when he arrived from France <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
1970s, he has <strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>gly made his presence felt. He was and still is<br />
one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> central figures <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> development <strong>of</strong> camera art, and<br />
through a most natural and organic process he has led it to current<br />
parity with <strong>the</strong> highest <strong>in</strong>ternational standards. He has applied photography<br />
<strong>in</strong> such areas as video, c<strong>in</strong>ema, and holography, where his<br />
constant search<strong>in</strong>g and experimentation have <strong>of</strong>ten spearheaded developments.<br />
To understand <strong>Allon</strong>’s role, it is necessary to look first at<br />
<strong>the</strong> general state <strong>of</strong> photography <strong>in</strong> Israeli society.<br />
Photography <strong>in</strong> Israeli Society<br />
Life <strong>in</strong> Israel is marked <strong>by</strong> a great number <strong>of</strong> factors, some historic,<br />
o<strong>the</strong>rs surfac<strong>in</strong>g as a result <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> complex national, social, economic,<br />
and geopolitical situation. From <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>delible memory <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Holocaust<br />
to <strong>the</strong> day-to-day concerns <strong>of</strong> political, social, and security issues<br />
(personal and national), <strong>the</strong> reality <strong>of</strong> contemporary Israel creates<br />
a haunt<strong>in</strong>g and challeng<strong>in</strong>g environment <strong>in</strong> which liv<strong>in</strong>g (surviv<strong>in</strong>g?)<br />
has become an ever-present challenge. To create art can at times seem<br />
to be a gratuitous and futile act.<br />
How <strong>the</strong>n do artists (also as citizens) come to terms with this distress<strong>in</strong>g<br />
reality that encompasses undiscern<strong>in</strong>g violence, <strong>in</strong>security, social discrim<strong>in</strong>ation,<br />
political <strong>in</strong>stability, and o<strong>the</strong>r illnesses common to most<br />
contemporary societies? Their cumulative work proposes a wide choice<br />
<strong>of</strong> alternatives, from first-hand active <strong>in</strong>volvement <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> life <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
country, to a total and conscious escapism. The well-def<strong>in</strong>ed and ref<strong>in</strong>ed<br />
personal approaches as well as <strong>the</strong> diversity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dist<strong>in</strong>ctive strategies<br />
and po<strong>in</strong>ts <strong>of</strong> view, reveal a partial, yet up-to-date image <strong>of</strong> contemporary<br />
Israeli photography and video art, and consequently <strong>of</strong> life <strong>in</strong> Israel.<br />
The output <strong>of</strong> Israeli artists is charged with a wide range <strong>of</strong> implications<br />
as to <strong>the</strong> complexity <strong>of</strong> life <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> country. Israeli art reflects deep preoccupations<br />
and is laden with energies, beliefs, tensions, hopes and prayers,<br />
sorrows and joys, trust and suspicion, through which <strong>the</strong> ghosts from <strong>the</strong><br />
past and <strong>the</strong> present can only be felt partially.<br />
3
What characterizes contemporary Israeli art, and especially photography<br />
and video, is that today’s artists try to <strong>in</strong>crease public awareness<br />
<strong>of</strong> each and every aspect <strong>of</strong> life <strong>in</strong> Israel. By <strong>in</strong>cit<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> viewer to reconsider<br />
op<strong>in</strong>ions and attitudes, <strong>the</strong>y try to fur<strong>the</strong>r action towards creat<strong>in</strong>g<br />
a better and more just society. Given <strong>the</strong> actual situation, this<br />
sounds utopian, but a fragment <strong>of</strong> optimism is absolutely necessary,<br />
and artists are fulfill<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong>ir duty <strong>by</strong> po<strong>in</strong>t<strong>in</strong>g out wrongs and <strong>in</strong>justices,<br />
while also still leav<strong>in</strong>g open <strong>the</strong> possibility <strong>of</strong> a better future. For<br />
most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se artists <strong>the</strong>ir works bear witness to <strong>the</strong>ir <strong>in</strong>volvement <strong>in</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> life <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> country and to <strong>the</strong>ir commitment to improve both <strong>the</strong><br />
reality and <strong>the</strong> image <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir homeland. In an environment where past<br />
and present, <strong>the</strong> personal and <strong>the</strong> political are <strong>in</strong>separable, Israeli<br />
artists are endowed with <strong>the</strong> unique gift <strong>of</strong> transform<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> art <strong>of</strong> liv<strong>in</strong>g<br />
<strong>in</strong>to liv<strong>in</strong>g art. Their contribution is not only to photography or <strong>the</strong><br />
arts, but to <strong>the</strong> build<strong>in</strong>g and function<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> Israeli culture <strong>in</strong> general.<br />
Because <strong>of</strong> both physical and cultural distance, contemporary Israeli<br />
photography and video rema<strong>in</strong> to some extent peripheral on <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>ternational<br />
scene. Even when <strong>the</strong>y are featured <strong>in</strong> high pr<strong>of</strong>ile venues<br />
such as <strong>the</strong> Venice Biennial, <strong>the</strong>y are still <strong>in</strong> a state <strong>of</strong> constant dialogue,<br />
frequently <strong>in</strong> tension, and at times <strong>in</strong> conflict with universal trends. In<br />
<strong>the</strong>ir attempt to become part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ma<strong>in</strong>stream and <strong>in</strong> step with contemporary<br />
<strong>in</strong>ternational trends, <strong>the</strong>y very <strong>of</strong>ten create a most fasc<strong>in</strong>at<strong>in</strong>g<br />
syn<strong>the</strong>sis <strong>of</strong> cosmopolitan values and <strong>of</strong> local cultural, social,<br />
and political contexts.<br />
In Israeli society, which is undergo<strong>in</strong>g deep change and frequent crises,<br />
<strong>the</strong> arts express <strong>the</strong> nation’s identity crises: <strong>the</strong> ethnic/religious, <strong>the</strong><br />
ideological, <strong>the</strong> national. In addition, Israelis are torn between myths<br />
and remembrance, with each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se spheres <strong>in</strong>habited <strong>by</strong> its own<br />
ghosts. As Israeli society matures, religious and national myths are<br />
be<strong>in</strong>g reconsidered <strong>in</strong> a modern perspective, lead<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong> break<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong><br />
many traditional taboos. This <strong>in</strong> itself implies an <strong>of</strong>ten pa<strong>in</strong>ful discont<strong>in</strong>uity<br />
with past identities. Moreover, both nationally and <strong>in</strong>dividually,<br />
Israel is burdened <strong>by</strong> <strong>the</strong> weight <strong>of</strong> memory: <strong>the</strong> Diaspora,<br />
<strong>the</strong> Holocaust. The myth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> survivor, <strong>the</strong> many wars endured, and<br />
<strong>the</strong> stagger<strong>in</strong>g number <strong>of</strong> casualties Israel has mourned, are still not<br />
distant enough for objective consideration. In view <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se heavy historic<br />
burdens, many artists feel obliged to take a k<strong>in</strong>d <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>ventory <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> irreparable <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir work, but <strong>the</strong> traces <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se social, political,<br />
cultural, and economic factors are not always easily discernible. While<br />
some artists tackle <strong>the</strong>se subjects directly, o<strong>the</strong>rs embed <strong>the</strong>m <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
work through tangential implication, and yet o<strong>the</strong>rs, totally ignor<strong>in</strong>g<br />
<strong>the</strong>m, seek refuge <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> personal and <strong>the</strong> imag<strong>in</strong>ative.<br />
The issues <strong>of</strong> memory and identity at various levels are ever present<br />
<strong>in</strong> Israeli photography and video, even more so than elsewhere <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
world, given <strong>the</strong> country’s relatively short history and its brief duration<br />
<strong>of</strong> cultural formation. Myths and historic and religious facts and<br />
legends reside alongside <strong>the</strong> political reality. The new generation challenges<br />
and reassesses <strong>the</strong>se traditional notions, slaughter<strong>in</strong>g many<br />
“sacred cows” <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> process. Powerful aes<strong>the</strong>tic statements are made<br />
<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> quest for artistic self-determ<strong>in</strong>ation. In many <strong>in</strong>stances <strong>the</strong><br />
viewer’s task is to discover not only <strong>the</strong> nature <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> subject depicted,<br />
but its significance too. From this po<strong>in</strong>t on, everyone can build his<br />
own story draw<strong>in</strong>g on <strong>the</strong> connotations drawn from <strong>the</strong> f<strong>in</strong>al image.<br />
Israeli art, <strong>the</strong>n, should be exam<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong> relation to specific and current<br />
geopolitical, social, and cultural conditions as well as through<br />
<strong>the</strong> perspective <strong>of</strong> borders and <strong>the</strong> battle for territory, <strong>of</strong> war and terrorism,<br />
conquest and occupation. These factors are <strong>in</strong>herent <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
arts <strong>in</strong> Israel.<br />
4
After over a hundred years <strong>of</strong> tumultuous existence <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Near East,<br />
and sixty years <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>dependence as a state, <strong>the</strong> multifaceted Israeli society<br />
is still <strong>in</strong> conflict with itself, its identity, and its self-image, and this<br />
condition necessarily deeply marks <strong>the</strong> local artistic creation. While<br />
navigat<strong>in</strong>g between <strong>the</strong> acute memory <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Holocaust and <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>tricate<br />
contemporary issues <strong>of</strong> security, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> unbearable liv<strong>in</strong>g<br />
conditions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> population <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> territories and <strong>the</strong> separation wall<br />
that is be<strong>in</strong>g built, artists seem to draw an <strong>in</strong>ventory <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> irreparable.<br />
For contemporary Israeli artists, issues <strong>of</strong> human rights, racism, and<br />
humanism are extremely concrete, even more so than for artists <strong>in</strong><br />
Western countries for whom <strong>the</strong>se issues tend to be more <strong>the</strong>oretical,<br />
more <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> realm <strong>of</strong> “romanticism.” In <strong>the</strong> harsh reality <strong>of</strong> today’s Israel—with<br />
<strong>the</strong> fear <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> future, <strong>the</strong> falter<strong>in</strong>g peace process, <strong>the</strong> entire<br />
population <strong>in</strong> constant friction with <strong>the</strong> Palest<strong>in</strong>ian nation, <strong>the</strong> threat<br />
<strong>of</strong> terrorism that is an <strong>in</strong>tegral part <strong>of</strong> daily life—<strong>the</strong>re is little room for<br />
romanticism. The periodic wars, obligatory military service for much<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> population, and <strong>the</strong> constant threat to <strong>the</strong> existence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> nation,<br />
leave little latitude for <strong>the</strong>ory and philosophy. These burn<strong>in</strong>g issues<br />
that preoccupy every citizen are even more vital to <strong>the</strong> artist.<br />
Despite <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>evitable traces <strong>of</strong> this situation <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> artists’ work, <strong>in</strong><br />
many <strong>in</strong>stances a first read<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir work does not reveal <strong>the</strong>se concerns.<br />
Each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se artists expresses his or her vision <strong>in</strong> a different—<br />
overt or subdued—form. While some may tackle <strong>the</strong>se issues <strong>in</strong> a<br />
straightforward fashion, many o<strong>the</strong>rs consciously avoid <strong>the</strong>m and f<strong>in</strong>d<br />
refuge <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir imag<strong>in</strong>ation and <strong>in</strong>ner world.<br />
The multitude <strong>of</strong> tendencies and <strong>the</strong> unsettled pluralism are a symptom<br />
<strong>of</strong> Israel’s undef<strong>in</strong>ed local culture. From its very beg<strong>in</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g, Israel<br />
has been essentially an immigrant society where a plethora <strong>of</strong> cultural<br />
and artistic streams have converged from all over <strong>the</strong> world. This<br />
environment did not favor <strong>the</strong> formation <strong>of</strong> a well-def<strong>in</strong>ed artistic tradition.<br />
Although today’s Israel has ceased to be a country <strong>of</strong> immigration<br />
<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> traditional sense, it is still a melt<strong>in</strong>g pot. Never<strong>the</strong>less, it<br />
now has also developed a strong and relatively well-established local<br />
culture and artistic tradition that is robust enough to absorb and overpower<br />
sporadic <strong>in</strong>fluences brought <strong>by</strong> immigration, with only some<br />
mild side effects. Today, Israel still devotes major time, thought, and<br />
energy to explor<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> question <strong>of</strong> national identity through symposia<br />
and philosophical discussions. There is no clear-cut answer as<br />
to what constitutes Israeli national identity; and although over half a<br />
century has passed, one still def<strong>in</strong>es it through a process <strong>of</strong> elim<strong>in</strong>ation,<br />
that is, <strong>by</strong> enumerat<strong>in</strong>g what Israeli identity is not.<br />
Each language is a unique means <strong>of</strong> experienc<strong>in</strong>g and express<strong>in</strong>g consciousness,<br />
and each is culture-specific. It <strong>of</strong>ten happens that <strong>in</strong> order<br />
to convey a specific idea or message, a comb<strong>in</strong>ation <strong>of</strong> different languages<br />
seems to be <strong>the</strong> most effective way. As a result <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> geopolitical<br />
situation, and <strong>of</strong> be<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> melt<strong>in</strong>g pot <strong>of</strong> a large variety <strong>of</strong><br />
cultures, Israel has <strong>in</strong>vented a certa<strong>in</strong> number <strong>of</strong> colloquial Hebrew<br />
expressions such as korach hametziut necessity <strong>of</strong> reality or e<strong>in</strong> brera no<br />
alternative, and many slogans such as am bematsor a nation under siege<br />
or am besakanat hakhada a nation <strong>in</strong> danger <strong>of</strong> exterm<strong>in</strong>ation, which<br />
have become synonyms for Israelism and express <strong>the</strong> state <strong>of</strong> emergency<br />
and urgency that prevails <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> country. Today’s Hebrew also<br />
clearly mirrors <strong>the</strong> younger generation’s search for identity, a new identity<br />
that, hav<strong>in</strong>g broken with <strong>the</strong> ethos <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> heroic past <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pioneers,<br />
is torn between two worlds. On one hand is <strong>the</strong> presence <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Near East, to which <strong>the</strong> locally born generation feels it belongs, and<br />
on <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r hand is <strong>the</strong> everlast<strong>in</strong>g desire to belong to <strong>the</strong> West. For<br />
example, one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most popular expressions used <strong>by</strong> <strong>the</strong> younger<br />
5
generation—yalla <strong>by</strong>e (OK, good-<strong>by</strong>e)—is a comb<strong>in</strong>ation <strong>of</strong> Arabic<br />
and English <strong>in</strong> total disregard <strong>of</strong> Hebrew. This slang is symptomatic <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> mood and attitude <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> new generation. As a result, contemporary<br />
Israeli artists are still engaged <strong>in</strong> deal<strong>in</strong>g with myths and cop<strong>in</strong>g<br />
with memory-break<strong>in</strong>g norms and consensus, pav<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> road to <strong>the</strong><br />
future which is our today, our here and now. The refra<strong>in</strong> from <strong>the</strong> recent<br />
rock hit “We Are a Screwed Generation” is just ano<strong>the</strong>r <strong>in</strong>dication<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> state <strong>of</strong> m<strong>in</strong>d <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> younger generation <strong>of</strong> local artists.<br />
In contrast to Western countries, Israeli artists actively engage <strong>in</strong> political<br />
debate as an antidote to <strong>in</strong>difference and resignation. Their creations<br />
sometimes <strong>in</strong>clude only subtle subversive messages, yet <strong>of</strong>ten<br />
<strong>the</strong> artists employ a rhetoric <strong>of</strong> shock. While relentlessly scrut<strong>in</strong>iz<strong>in</strong>g<br />
life <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> country, Israeli art, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g photography and video, holds<br />
up a cruel mirror to <strong>the</strong> country and <strong>the</strong> society. The question<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong><br />
national values comes as a rem<strong>in</strong>der and a reproach to <strong>the</strong> average citizen’s<br />
stereotyped views. This accounts for one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dist<strong>in</strong>guish<strong>in</strong>g<br />
traits <strong>of</strong> artistic creation <strong>in</strong> Israel: at a moment when <strong>in</strong> many Western<br />
countries ma<strong>in</strong>stream artistic creation is strongly <strong>in</strong>fluenced <strong>by</strong> political<br />
correctness, Israeli artists, critics, and most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> artistic establishment<br />
consider it <strong>the</strong>ir prime duty to be militant, or downright<br />
“politically <strong>in</strong>correct.” In a country where state emergency regulations<br />
are regularly extended without question and military censorship still<br />
applies, this almost seems like an act <strong>of</strong> heroism.<br />
The lens-based arts <strong>in</strong> Israel have developed <strong>in</strong>dependently <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
ma<strong>in</strong>stream arts, and <strong>the</strong>y have been viewed <strong>in</strong> Israel, as elsewhere, to<br />
some extent as <strong>the</strong> enfants terribles <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> arts. However, photography<br />
and video have almost reached <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir crusade for recognition.<br />
Warmly embraced <strong>by</strong> all, artists and critics alike, <strong>the</strong>y have a new position<br />
as <strong>in</strong>fluential modes <strong>of</strong> expression, whose ramifications are felt<br />
<strong>in</strong> all creative fields. Not only have photography and video <strong>in</strong> Israel<br />
produced a considerable number <strong>of</strong> artists us<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> media to <strong>the</strong><br />
fullest, a new generation <strong>of</strong> educated and sophisticated consumers read<br />
and understand <strong>the</strong>m <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> most contemporary manner.<br />
More than all o<strong>the</strong>r art forms, photography and video essentially aim<br />
to create mental images that affect <strong>the</strong> viewer. The multifaceted works<br />
<strong>of</strong> contemporary Israeli artists touch on a large variety <strong>of</strong> issues, but<br />
<strong>the</strong>ir most dom<strong>in</strong>ant and important faculty is <strong>the</strong> lucid and <strong>in</strong>cisive<br />
look <strong>the</strong>y direct toward our land and life. In exam<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> chang<strong>in</strong>g<br />
and scarred landscape and society, <strong>the</strong>y confront us with a most caustic<br />
critique <strong>of</strong> our values and social environment. They <strong>of</strong>fer a constant<br />
reevaluation <strong>of</strong> our collective knowledge and <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
understand<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> our nation and our culture <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> face <strong>of</strong> common<br />
misconceptions and preconceived ideas. They are a most courageous<br />
attempt to foster <strong>the</strong> heightened consciousness that can enable us to atta<strong>in</strong><br />
a viable future.<br />
Gérard <strong>Allon</strong>: The Artist<br />
The transformation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> camera arts <strong>in</strong> Israel began <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> summer<br />
<strong>of</strong> 1975 with a juried exhibition <strong>in</strong> Tel Aviv entitled Through <strong>the</strong> Lens<br />
<strong>of</strong> Immigrant Photographers. Held under <strong>the</strong> auspices <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> M<strong>in</strong>istry<br />
<strong>of</strong> Education and Culture, <strong>the</strong> exhibition <strong>in</strong>cluded six artists selected<br />
<strong>by</strong> a jury: one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m, <strong>the</strong> <strong>the</strong>n-unknown Gérard <strong>Allon</strong>. To <strong>in</strong>clude<br />
him was an act <strong>of</strong> almost prophetic clairvoyance, s<strong>in</strong>ce both as an artist<br />
and a photographer, <strong>Allon</strong> was dest<strong>in</strong>ed to play a most important role<br />
<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> renewal <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> art <strong>in</strong> Israel, above all <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> field <strong>of</strong> commercial<br />
and fashion photography. Toge<strong>the</strong>r with a handful <strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r young photographers<br />
active at <strong>the</strong> time (among <strong>the</strong>m <strong>the</strong> immigrants Yosaif Coha<strong>in</strong><br />
and Neil Folberg, and Israelis educated abroad, such as Hanan<br />
6
Lask<strong>in</strong>, Avi Ganor, and Micha Kirshner), <strong>Allon</strong> was <strong>in</strong>strumental <strong>in</strong><br />
br<strong>in</strong>g<strong>in</strong>g much-needed foreign <strong>in</strong>fluences <strong>in</strong>to <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>sular bubble <strong>of</strong><br />
local photography. He belongs to <strong>the</strong> younger generation <strong>of</strong> camera<br />
artists who have established new standards and have brought Israeli<br />
photography to <strong>the</strong> highest <strong>in</strong>ternational standards.<br />
Gérard <strong>Allon</strong>—orig<strong>in</strong>ally Alloun—was born <strong>in</strong> Casablanca, Morocco,<br />
<strong>in</strong> 1949. His great-grandfa<strong>the</strong>r, on a trip from Jerusalem, had<br />
married a rabbi’s daughter <strong>in</strong> Morocco and settled down <strong>the</strong>re.<br />
<strong>Allon</strong>’s fa<strong>the</strong>r, a self-taught eng<strong>in</strong>eer specializ<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> concrete, had<br />
studied <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Alliance school and consequently was extremely open<br />
to French culture. His mo<strong>the</strong>r (née Zemour) was <strong>of</strong> Algerian orig<strong>in</strong><br />
and so held French citizenship, which <strong>the</strong> decree <strong>of</strong> Crémieux had<br />
awarded to Algerian Jews <strong>in</strong> 1870. In 1956, <strong>the</strong> family moved from<br />
Morocco to Algiers, where <strong>the</strong>y jo<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>the</strong> mo<strong>the</strong>r’s family. However,<br />
as a result <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>stability that led to Algeria’s decolonization<br />
and <strong>in</strong>dependence, <strong>the</strong> family immigrated to France and settled <strong>in</strong><br />
Paris where <strong>Allon</strong> attended <strong>the</strong> Lycée Jean-Baptiste Say <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> sixteenth<br />
arrondissement. He later studied l<strong>in</strong>guistics and French literature<br />
at <strong>the</strong> University <strong>of</strong> Lille.<br />
At seventeen <strong>Allon</strong> got hold <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> family’s Exacta camera and also a<br />
16mm movie camera. From <strong>the</strong>n on his career was determ<strong>in</strong>ed. He<br />
immediately began experiment<strong>in</strong>g with <strong>the</strong> visual possibilities <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se<br />
new tools, and just a few years later he found employment as assistant<br />
director for <strong>the</strong> c<strong>in</strong>ema and for French television.<br />
The student revolution <strong>of</strong> May 1968 <strong>in</strong> Paris and its aftermath left a<br />
strong and last<strong>in</strong>g mark on <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>dividuals <strong>of</strong> <strong>Allon</strong>’s generation. For<br />
<strong>Allon</strong>, who had captured <strong>the</strong> events with his camera, it shaped his social<br />
and political awareness (Figure 1).<br />
Figure 1: Paris <strong>in</strong>surrection, 1968.<br />
By <strong>the</strong> time he moved to Israel <strong>in</strong> 1974, <strong>Allon</strong>, as a French citizen,<br />
already had well def<strong>in</strong>ed political views relat<strong>in</strong>g to France; but he left<br />
those beh<strong>in</strong>d <strong>in</strong> France. He was no Zionist or political activist, and<br />
he approached Israel without a religious or political agenda. Do<strong>in</strong>g<br />
so may have made his encounter with Israel, <strong>the</strong> local culture and<br />
<strong>the</strong> artistic scene, even more <strong>of</strong> a turn<strong>in</strong>g po<strong>in</strong>t <strong>in</strong> his life and his<br />
photographic/creative career. Once <strong>in</strong> Israel, <strong>Allon</strong> went from be<strong>in</strong>g<br />
an unknown entity <strong>in</strong> a big country, to an <strong>in</strong>novator and trend<br />
setter <strong>in</strong> his new home.<br />
Gérard <strong>Allon</strong>’s <strong>in</strong>terest <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> camera image has never been stand-alone<br />
or monolithic. For him, photography has always been part <strong>of</strong> a comprehensive<br />
visual ensemble, which <strong>in</strong>cluded all forms <strong>of</strong> visual expression,<br />
as well as <strong>the</strong> c<strong>in</strong>ema and <strong>the</strong> stage arts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ater and dance.<br />
7
<strong>Allon</strong>’s variety <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>terests is most certa<strong>in</strong>ly <strong>the</strong> result <strong>of</strong> his mov<strong>in</strong>g from<br />
one country to ano<strong>the</strong>r. Despite <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>herent difficulties, migrat<strong>in</strong>g to a<br />
new cultural and visual environment broadens one’s horizons and deepens<br />
a person’s understand<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> life, thus enrich<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> creative arsenal.<br />
Besides <strong>the</strong> revolution <strong>of</strong> ’68, <strong>the</strong> general cultural atmosphere <strong>of</strong> France<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 1960s and 1970s <strong>in</strong>fluenced <strong>Allon</strong>. The liveliest cultural and<br />
artistic fields at <strong>the</strong> time were literature (prose and poetry), philosophy,<br />
c<strong>in</strong>ema and <strong>the</strong>ater, and traces <strong>of</strong> all can clearly be discerned <strong>in</strong><br />
<strong>Allon</strong>’s artistic creations throughout his career. When asked who most<br />
<strong>in</strong>fluenced his work and thought, <strong>Allon</strong> is usually unable to come up<br />
immediately with references, but he <strong>the</strong>n slowly beg<strong>in</strong>s to enumerate<br />
names and styles <strong>in</strong> a variety <strong>of</strong> doma<strong>in</strong>s—Kafka, Borges, Sartre,<br />
Camus, Artaud, Beckett, Ionesco—always add<strong>in</strong>g that <strong>the</strong>se <strong>in</strong>fluences<br />
were time-limited or even specific to a certa<strong>in</strong> moment <strong>in</strong> his life.<br />
These names help expla<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> surrealistic qualities <strong>of</strong> many <strong>of</strong> his creations<br />
<strong>in</strong> various fields <strong>of</strong> activity. Naturally, at some po<strong>in</strong>t, <strong>the</strong> young<br />
Gérard did try his hand at writ<strong>in</strong>g poetry and short stories, but his<br />
heart has always rema<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> realm <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> visual. In <strong>the</strong> strictly<br />
spiritual doma<strong>in</strong>, Emmanuel Lev<strong>in</strong>as’s philosophy, thought, and ethics<br />
and his humanistic approach to Biblical texts was critical. Lev<strong>in</strong>as’s<br />
writ<strong>in</strong>gs, along with Gershom Scholem’s work on <strong>the</strong> Cabala, <strong>in</strong>fluenced<br />
<strong>Allon</strong> to create several <strong>the</strong>matic series directly connected to Judaism,<br />
such as “Genesis” and <strong>the</strong> Passover Haggadah.<br />
In pa<strong>in</strong>t<strong>in</strong>g, <strong>Allon</strong> cites Goya, Braque, <strong>the</strong> German Expressionists and<br />
Kiefer, while <strong>in</strong> c<strong>in</strong>ema he refers to Tarkowsky and Bergman, <strong>the</strong> years<br />
<strong>of</strong> Jean Rouch’s c<strong>in</strong>éma vérité, and subsequently Jean-Luc Goddard.<br />
They left a deep impr<strong>in</strong>t on his thought, work, and creation. Several<br />
decades later direct traces <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> typical visual vernacular <strong>of</strong> c<strong>in</strong>éma<br />
vérité, associated with <strong>the</strong> more contemporary technologies <strong>of</strong> video<br />
art, are clearly visible <strong>in</strong> his 2004 documentary Naomi’s Corset and <strong>in</strong><br />
his latest film Fragments.<br />
In <strong>the</strong> field <strong>of</strong> photography <strong>Allon</strong> mentions a long list <strong>of</strong> artists, many<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m predictable, such as Muybridge, Man Ray, Doro<strong>the</strong>a Lange,<br />
Bill Brandt, Cartier Bresson, and Robert Frank. Aga<strong>in</strong>, each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se<br />
connects to a specific moment <strong>in</strong> his life and career. However, <strong>the</strong>se<br />
<strong>in</strong>fluential photographers were not models that he copied directly.<br />
They were, ra<strong>the</strong>r, sound<strong>in</strong>g boards with whom he still conducts a visual,<br />
artistic and creative dialogue. Through staged photography,<br />
which he practiced extensively throughout his practice, <strong>Allon</strong> came to<br />
appreciate and admire Jeff Wall’s work much later <strong>in</strong> his career. In fact,<br />
from <strong>the</strong> very beg<strong>in</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g most <strong>of</strong> <strong>Allon</strong>’s work is characterized <strong>by</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
use <strong>of</strong> photographic “mise en scène,” which is <strong>in</strong> l<strong>in</strong>e with most contemporary<br />
modes <strong>of</strong> creation <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> field. His creations <strong>in</strong> all fields,<br />
from commercial imagery to personal mystical projects, rely on <strong>the</strong><br />
<strong>in</strong>tentional creation <strong>of</strong> parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> scene, which are <strong>the</strong>n destroyed<br />
once <strong>the</strong> set-up has been recorded photographically. What rema<strong>in</strong>s is<br />
naturally a “visual memory” fixed <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> f<strong>in</strong>al image.<br />
Although <strong>Allon</strong> <strong>in</strong>itially felt very much at ease <strong>in</strong> France and <strong>in</strong>tegrated<br />
<strong>in</strong>to French society, his immigration to Israel at age twenty-four was<br />
to a large extent <strong>the</strong> result <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> disillusionment he felt with what he<br />
calls “<strong>the</strong> aborted ‘revolution’ <strong>of</strong> ’68.” It awakened <strong>in</strong> him difficult questions<br />
<strong>of</strong> identity. He <strong>in</strong>itially came to Israel to seek distance and ga<strong>in</strong><br />
8
perspective on himself and his life <strong>in</strong> France. However it quickly became<br />
evident to him that his place was <strong>in</strong> Israel, and his stay turned<br />
primarily <strong>in</strong>to a quest for roots and identity. It was <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>ternal feel<strong>in</strong>g<br />
<strong>of</strong> extraneousness and alienation that he hoped Israel might be able to<br />
resolve. In fact, he came <strong>in</strong> order to ask questions, to learn and to absorb,<br />
ra<strong>the</strong>r than to change and <strong>in</strong>fluence.<br />
The moment <strong>of</strong> <strong>Allon</strong>’s arrival <strong>in</strong> Israel was a critical one for <strong>the</strong> nation.<br />
Israel was marked <strong>by</strong> extremes: <strong>the</strong> ra<strong>the</strong>r brutal awaken<strong>in</strong>g from <strong>the</strong><br />
euphoria <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Six Day War <strong>of</strong> 1967 and <strong>the</strong> trauma and tragedy <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Yom Kippur War <strong>of</strong> 1973, all mixed with fear and a cautious optimism<br />
surround<strong>in</strong>g Israel’s peace agreement with Egypt. In <strong>the</strong> midst <strong>of</strong> such<br />
vital concerns, art was certa<strong>in</strong>ly secondary, and photography was stagnat<strong>in</strong>g<br />
between <strong>the</strong> old schools and a mere mannerist copy<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> sporadic<br />
Western <strong>in</strong>fluences.<br />
Gérard <strong>Allon</strong> asserts that he came to learn and to enrich his life, not to<br />
teach. However, <strong>in</strong> his new environment he soon found himself teach<strong>in</strong>g,<br />
apply<strong>in</strong>g, and fur<strong>the</strong>r develop<strong>in</strong>g all <strong>the</strong> skills and knowledge he<br />
had wanted to leave beh<strong>in</strong>d <strong>in</strong> France. Totally unconsciously, and <strong>in</strong> a<br />
most natural process, <strong>in</strong>stead <strong>of</strong> f<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>g and receiv<strong>in</strong>g answers, he became<br />
an <strong>in</strong>novator and an <strong>in</strong>fluential figure try<strong>in</strong>g to fill <strong>the</strong> gap between<br />
<strong>the</strong> local condition <strong>of</strong> photography and what he had learned<br />
and experienced abroad. He found out that c<strong>in</strong>ema and still photography<br />
<strong>in</strong> Israel were lagg<strong>in</strong>g beh<strong>in</strong>d, both on <strong>the</strong> creative and technological<br />
level. From his perspective, <strong>the</strong> characters and <strong>the</strong> plots <strong>in</strong> Israeli<br />
c<strong>in</strong>ema at that time were shallow and naïve, lack<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> sophistication—<br />
and that was also true <strong>of</strong> photography. In this situation, <strong>the</strong> outsider—<br />
<strong>the</strong> new immigrant—faced <strong>the</strong> dilemma <strong>of</strong> whe<strong>the</strong>r to act or not:<br />
would his <strong>in</strong>volvement constitute negative <strong>in</strong>terference? In <strong>the</strong> end, he<br />
opted for active participation <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> process <strong>of</strong> renovat<strong>in</strong>g and rebuild<strong>in</strong>g<br />
<strong>the</strong> fields <strong>of</strong> activity <strong>in</strong> which he was most experienced and<br />
prolific. In retrospect, and from <strong>the</strong> historical perspective, it is clear<br />
that he made a marked difference, both as an artist and creator, as well<br />
as a teacher.<br />
The younger generation <strong>of</strong> photographers—some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m, like Gérard<br />
<strong>Allon</strong>, new immigrants or Israelis educated abroad—worked from <strong>the</strong><br />
late 1970s on to create a new order <strong>of</strong> cosmopolitan photography based<br />
on contemporary Western canons. In a revolutionary fashion, <strong>Allon</strong><br />
and his Israeli colleagues purposefully ignored or obscured all that was<br />
prior to <strong>the</strong>m, label<strong>in</strong>g it as old, obsolete, anachronistic, and worthless.<br />
They refused to establish any k<strong>in</strong>d <strong>of</strong> dialogue with Israeli forerunners<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> medium. For <strong>Allon</strong>, his lack <strong>of</strong> familiarity with or knowledge <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> antecedents <strong>of</strong> Israeli photography became a major advantage, as his<br />
po<strong>in</strong>t <strong>of</strong> reference was <strong>the</strong> current situation, which motivated him to<br />
act. However, this did not deter him from a noticeably conscious effort<br />
to reach deep <strong>in</strong>to local cultural conditions, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g problematic issues<br />
around <strong>the</strong> Bible and Jewish questions, <strong>the</strong> territories, and <strong>the</strong> mystic<br />
or messianic political currents <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> country.<br />
Although <strong>the</strong>re had always been ra<strong>the</strong>r <strong>in</strong>tensive camera activity <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
region, especially <strong>in</strong> Israel, <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> late 1970s and early 1980s <strong>the</strong>re was<br />
practically no critical writ<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> any k<strong>in</strong>d <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> field. Even museum<br />
exhibition catalogues were ma<strong>in</strong>ly descriptive, to some extent apologetic,<br />
and did not attempt to create a critical discourse <strong>of</strong> any k<strong>in</strong>d.<br />
9
Figure 2: From <strong>the</strong> film Shevarim (Fragments) 1990-2006: The Second Lebanon War; shown: Gérard <strong>Allon</strong>.<br />
Photography was still battl<strong>in</strong>g for recognition as an art form and seek<strong>in</strong>g<br />
legitimacy as a creative/artistic tool <strong>in</strong> its own right. Today‘s contemporary<br />
Israeli film, video and photography still owe much to <strong>the</strong><br />
<strong>in</strong>tensive activity and creative burst that took place <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> 1970s.<br />
Gérard <strong>Allon</strong>’s career has been characterized <strong>by</strong> cont<strong>in</strong>uity and a deep<br />
coherence. One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first works he created shortly after his arrival <strong>in</strong><br />
Israel was a film on <strong>the</strong> first Jewish settlement on <strong>the</strong> Golan Heights,<br />
and this documentary has provided basic material that he constantly<br />
reuses <strong>in</strong> his current work. In Fragments (1990-2006), for <strong>in</strong>stance, he<br />
comb<strong>in</strong>es parts <strong>of</strong> this early footage with recent takes <strong>in</strong> a new film express<strong>in</strong>g<br />
cont<strong>in</strong>uity, but also po<strong>in</strong>t<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong> radicalization <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> religious<br />
discourse that has been slid<strong>in</strong>g towards political messianism (Figure 2).<br />
The remarkable variety and orig<strong>in</strong>ality <strong>of</strong> <strong>Allon</strong>’s photographic activity<br />
quickly earned him a place <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> front row <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> camera practitioners<br />
work<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> commercial arena. Advertis<strong>in</strong>g agencies and<br />
publications sought him out because his images brought new ideas<br />
and a fresh approach to fashion and magaz<strong>in</strong>e illustrations. <strong>Allon</strong> not<br />
only <strong>in</strong>troduced new standards <strong>in</strong> this field, he also deployed his<br />
10
imported aes<strong>the</strong>tics. His photographs spoke <strong>in</strong> a new visual vernacular<br />
that came from a different culture. Thus, he <strong>in</strong>corporated <strong>the</strong> use<br />
<strong>of</strong> sensuality, which was not only <strong>in</strong>novative but also shattered certa<strong>in</strong><br />
taboos still exist<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> a ra<strong>the</strong>r puritan Israel. The subtle eroticism that<br />
his work exuded, with its Western/French aura <strong>of</strong> elegance, was taken<br />
up <strong>by</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs and set a new pattern <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> field.<br />
Beg<strong>in</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> 1978, <strong>the</strong> newly established monthly magaz<strong>in</strong>e Monit<strong>in</strong>,<br />
a modern and revolutionary publication with a flashy, slick style and<br />
an unprecedented high-standard <strong>of</strong> pr<strong>in</strong>t<strong>in</strong>g, also redef<strong>in</strong>ed editorial<br />
photography. The editors <strong>of</strong>fered a new showcase, an experimental<br />
stage and new codes for <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> photographs, grant<strong>in</strong>g total freedom<br />
to <strong>the</strong> artists. It was natural that <strong>Allon</strong> would f<strong>in</strong>d his place <strong>the</strong>re as<br />
one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lead<strong>in</strong>g contributors (Figure 3), and <strong>in</strong> fact, he became <strong>the</strong><br />
person beh<strong>in</strong>d many covers and feature articles.<br />
<strong>Allon</strong>’s new ideas and approaches had a significant impact on commercial<br />
photography—notably on magaz<strong>in</strong>e covers and posters (Figure<br />
4). He had a similarly <strong>in</strong>novative impact on <strong>the</strong> art <strong>of</strong> disc covers,<br />
especially dur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> 1980s when music also was flourish<strong>in</strong>g (Figure 5).<br />
Figure 3: Image used on a cover for Monit<strong>in</strong><br />
magaz<strong>in</strong>e, 1979.<br />
Figure 4: Poster for Mira Recanati’s film<br />
Elef Neshikot (A Thousand Little Kisses),<br />
1981. (© Israfilm Ltd.; reproduced with<br />
permission)<br />
Figure 5: Jacket cover for Mati Caspi record,<br />
1976. (© NMC United; reproduced with<br />
permission)<br />
11
An additional and significant area <strong>in</strong> which <strong>Allon</strong> excels<br />
is stage photography. His love and deep understand<strong>in</strong>g<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> medium, based on his wide experience<br />
<strong>in</strong> France—especially shoot<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> Liv<strong>in</strong>g Theater <strong>in</strong><br />
Lille <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> late 1960s—made him one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lead<strong>in</strong>g<br />
figures <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> field <strong>in</strong> Israel. He eventually was appo<strong>in</strong>ted<br />
house photographer for <strong>the</strong> Israel National<br />
Theater Ha-Bimah where for <strong>the</strong> last several decades he<br />
has created exceptional visual documentation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
groundbreak<strong>in</strong>g plays. In addition, he has worked for<br />
<strong>the</strong> Cameri Theater, <strong>the</strong> Yiddish Theater, and <strong>the</strong><br />
Jerusalem Khan Theater. Besides regular stage photography,<br />
he has also contributed visuals that were an<br />
<strong>in</strong>tegral part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> stage design as well as <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> play<br />
itself. A most remarkable such contribution was <strong>the</strong><br />
video he produced for Allen G<strong>in</strong>sberg’s Kaddish for<br />
Naomi. When <strong>the</strong> play was reviewed <strong>by</strong> <strong>the</strong> New York<br />
Times on September 20, 2003, his work was more<br />
highly praised than <strong>the</strong> play itself. As Margo Jefferson<br />
wrote: “Video images are so popular that <strong>the</strong>y can become<br />
a visual tic. There is noth<strong>in</strong>g generic, though,<br />
about <strong>the</strong> work <strong>of</strong> Gerard <strong>Allon</strong>, <strong>the</strong> production’s multimedia<br />
director; his images work as a musical score does.<br />
Rhythms change; so does <strong>in</strong>tensity” (Figures 6, 7).<br />
<strong>Allon</strong>’s personal search for new visual possibilities and<br />
languages has been a crucial aspect <strong>of</strong> his overall<br />
creative activity, and he has never ceased to develop<br />
new areas <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>terest. As part <strong>of</strong> adapt<strong>in</strong>g to his new<br />
Figures 6, 7: From <strong>the</strong> video art film Kadish le-No‘omi G<strong>in</strong>sberg (Kaddish for Naomi G<strong>in</strong>sberg),<br />
2000.<br />
12
country—and <strong>in</strong> an attempt to absorb <strong>the</strong> cultural icons <strong>of</strong> Israel—<br />
<strong>Allon</strong> created a series <strong>of</strong> small black and white images <strong>in</strong> which he portrayed<br />
everyday objects that are specific to Israel. By writ<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
descriptive name <strong>in</strong> Hebrew and <strong>of</strong>ten with mistakes he created a dialogue<br />
and a new basis for familiarity with <strong>the</strong> strange environment. In<br />
<strong>the</strong> photograph “Matches” he adds <strong>in</strong> paren<strong>the</strong>ses “(Israeli),” so as to differentiate<br />
<strong>the</strong>m from o<strong>the</strong>rs and accentuate <strong>the</strong>ir local value (Figure 8).<br />
These photographs are also closely connected to <strong>the</strong> issue <strong>of</strong> identity<br />
and his search for his own <strong>in</strong>dividuality <strong>in</strong> society. The fact that Israel<br />
is a melt<strong>in</strong>g pot <strong>of</strong> cultures and languages, with Jews from so many<br />
different backgrounds, leads <strong>Allon</strong> to realize that <strong>the</strong> only b<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>g element<br />
is <strong>the</strong> common religious/historic past shared <strong>by</strong> all Jews and<br />
that images and metaphors from <strong>the</strong> Bible could serve to tie toge<strong>the</strong>r<br />
and def<strong>in</strong>e <strong>the</strong> nation <strong>in</strong> formation. However, <strong>Allon</strong> could not act on<br />
this realization <strong>in</strong> his commercial work. From <strong>the</strong> early formative years<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> State, and especially dur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> 1960s and 1970s most commission<strong>in</strong>g<br />
agencies, artists, and photographers avoided art with religious<br />
overtones at all costs. In fact, <strong>the</strong>y all focused on <strong>the</strong> Sabra <strong>the</strong> native<br />
Israeli as <strong>the</strong> model <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> new Jew be<strong>in</strong>g created <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> melt<strong>in</strong>g pot.<br />
Yet, this new Israeli was far from be<strong>in</strong>g a syn<strong>the</strong>sis <strong>of</strong> all <strong>the</strong> citizens, an<br />
ideal figure to be looked up to, because <strong>the</strong> model was always European,<br />
an Ashkenazi, an ideal figure appeal<strong>in</strong>g only to less than one half<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> population. In fact, <strong>in</strong>stead <strong>of</strong> b<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>g toge<strong>the</strong>r, it deepened <strong>the</strong><br />
social differences between <strong>the</strong> different ethnic groups. Dur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> early<br />
1980s ethnocentricity became a new standard under which groups and<br />
parties assembled and fought.<br />
Figure 8: Gafrurim Yisre’elim (Matches (Israeli)). From <strong>the</strong> series Postcards from<br />
Israel, 1982.<br />
Despite that, <strong>Allon</strong> decided to create works deeply rooted <strong>in</strong> Jewish<br />
writ<strong>in</strong>g and tradition. His Bereshit (Genesis) sequence illustrated passages<br />
from Genesis, while <strong>the</strong> Passover Haggadah that he created and<br />
13
Figure 9: Yom Shelishi (Third Day), from <strong>the</strong> series Genesis, 1984.<br />
also published was a new version <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> traditional text, coupled with<br />
new illustrations. The semi-abstract images eventually became photographic<br />
landmarks <strong>in</strong> Israel (Figure 9). Although he constructed <strong>the</strong><br />
staged setups for <strong>the</strong> series <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> purest Jewish tradition, <strong>Allon</strong> avoided<br />
literal illustrations, <strong>in</strong>stead us<strong>in</strong>g a contemporary visual vernacular<br />
and modern symbols. The visual elements he employed were essentially<br />
basic geometric forms, visual analogies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> four elements and<br />
colors, yet all endowed with Cabalistic significance. As <strong>Allon</strong> clearly<br />
states, his research on <strong>the</strong> visual representation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Bible is a personal<br />
exegesis, through which he “translated” and <strong>in</strong>terpreted <strong>the</strong> texts.<br />
The images rema<strong>in</strong> somewhat hermetic to <strong>the</strong> layman, as one needs to<br />
have at least a basic knowledge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> philosophical complexity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Cabalistic concepts, such as <strong>the</strong> tree <strong>of</strong> life and <strong>the</strong> Sefirot.<br />
14
In <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>troduction to <strong>the</strong> Passover Haggadah published <strong>in</strong> 1982<br />
<strong>Allon</strong> wrote:<br />
The Passover Haggada has existed for thousands <strong>of</strong> years and<br />
usually appears accompanied <strong>by</strong> draw<strong>in</strong>gs and pictures.<br />
These aid <strong>in</strong> creat<strong>in</strong>g an actualization <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Hebrew Exodus<br />
from Egypt <strong>in</strong> each generation; a physical, moreover a mental<br />
and spiritual liberation which we must . . . undergo anew<br />
every year.<br />
Dur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> work, <strong>the</strong>re appeared a possibility <strong>of</strong> a photographic<br />
exegesis and its language was based on primary<br />
forms: circle, square, triangle . . . , and basic colours. Usage <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong>ir mean<strong>in</strong>g stems from <strong>the</strong> knowledge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Kabbalah.<br />
In every shape, <strong>in</strong> every colour <strong>the</strong>re is essence.<br />
In <strong>the</strong> fall <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same year, <strong>the</strong> Israel Museum, Jerusalem, organized a<br />
major exhibition titled Here and Now: Israeli Art, which <strong>in</strong>cluded pa<strong>in</strong>t<strong>in</strong>g,<br />
sculpture, draw<strong>in</strong>g, photography, and video. This was an extensive<br />
survey <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> condition <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> arts <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> country, and Gérard <strong>Allon</strong> was<br />
one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fourteen photographers chosen as representative <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most<br />
<strong>in</strong>novative and up-to-date approaches <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> medium. Selected for <strong>the</strong> exhibition<br />
was <strong>the</strong> series <strong>of</strong> ten photographs from <strong>the</strong> Passover Haggadah<br />
illustrat<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> ten plagues <strong>of</strong> Egypt (Figure 10).<br />
The catalogue <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> exhibition referred to <strong>Allon</strong>’s work <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong>se terms:<br />
Gérard <strong>Allon</strong> is <strong>the</strong> only photographer <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> exhibition who<br />
attempts to avoid <strong>the</strong> beaten path. Almost totally free <strong>of</strong> any<br />
foreign <strong>in</strong>fluences, he aims to produce images derived directly<br />
from Jewish heritage. His photographs, a series <strong>of</strong> illustrations<br />
for a recently published Passover Haggada,<br />
comb<strong>in</strong>e a two-millennia-old subject with a very modern visual<br />
idiom: color photography. This unusual mixture, toge<strong>the</strong>r<br />
with <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> Kabalistic signs and symbols, results <strong>in</strong><br />
a unique series <strong>of</strong> abstract images. Even more surpris<strong>in</strong>g is<br />
<strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> violent colors rem<strong>in</strong>iscent <strong>of</strong> Punk aes<strong>the</strong>tic, and<br />
Figure 10: Hoshekh (Darkness, The Ten Plagues), from Hagadah shel Pesah<br />
(Passover Haggadah), 1982.<br />
its associations with such a subject. <strong>Allon</strong>’s modern photographic<br />
mysticism and his effort to comb<strong>in</strong>e old and new<br />
might be seen as a solitary attempt <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> search for a local<br />
character <strong>in</strong> Israeli photography.<br />
In spite <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> unusual character <strong>of</strong> his work and art, and its dissimilarity<br />
with current photographic practices <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> country, <strong>Allon</strong> has<br />
been embraced <strong>by</strong> <strong>the</strong> museum and art worlds as be<strong>in</strong>g one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> representatives<br />
<strong>of</strong> new Israeli photography.<br />
An avid experimenter and seeker after new tools to enlarge his creative<br />
arsenal, <strong>Allon</strong> embraced <strong>the</strong> new science <strong>of</strong> holography <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> early<br />
1980s. In apply<strong>in</strong>g it <strong>in</strong> his art he pioneered an almost futurist mode<br />
<strong>of</strong> imagery that verges on science fiction. The groundbreak<strong>in</strong>g images<br />
15
tography. As conceived and expressed <strong>by</strong> <strong>Allon</strong>, holography is <strong>in</strong> a<br />
sense a two-dimensional rendition <strong>of</strong> a four-dimensional world and<br />
reality, as it also <strong>in</strong>cludes <strong>the</strong> element <strong>of</strong> time. Not only is <strong>the</strong> perspective<br />
not dependent on <strong>the</strong> camera’s position, it varies accord<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong><br />
viewer’s placement: two viewers look<strong>in</strong>g at <strong>the</strong> same picture will each<br />
perceive a different image, just as if look<strong>in</strong>g through a w<strong>in</strong>dow.<br />
Figure 11: Hologram from an <strong>in</strong>stallation for Paradoks ha-Halom<br />
ha-Homri (The Paradox <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Materialistic Dream), Tel Aviv Museum<br />
<strong>of</strong> Art, 1993.<br />
created <strong>in</strong> his state-<strong>of</strong>-<strong>the</strong> art studio laboratory touch upon a variety<br />
<strong>of</strong> subjects—from Biblical symbolism to fashion and portraiture (Figure<br />
11). However successful, his efforts did not meet with <strong>the</strong> response<br />
he expected. It seems that his experiments and <strong>the</strong> images he created<br />
were somewhat premature, with <strong>the</strong>ir <strong>in</strong>tellectual and philosophical<br />
basis not understood.<br />
In <strong>Allon</strong>’s view, holography and syn<strong>the</strong>tic imagery questioned <strong>the</strong> traditional<br />
concept <strong>of</strong> photography and l<strong>in</strong>ear perspective as applied<br />
through <strong>the</strong> lens and <strong>the</strong> camera obscura. The new technologies, especially<br />
holography with its simultaneous multiple po<strong>in</strong>ts <strong>of</strong> view <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> subject, is an anti<strong>the</strong>sis <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> time-frozen, “cyclopic” vision <strong>of</strong> pho-<br />
Hav<strong>in</strong>g traveled to <strong>the</strong> United States and Canada for his exhibitions<br />
<strong>in</strong> 1983 and 1985, <strong>Allon</strong> realized that <strong>the</strong> technology <strong>of</strong> holography<br />
had evolved to <strong>the</strong> po<strong>in</strong>t <strong>of</strong> allow<strong>in</strong>g a wider range <strong>of</strong> creative possibilities.<br />
In addition, he also met potential <strong>in</strong>vestors want<strong>in</strong>g to create<br />
a research and development company <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> field, and <strong>the</strong>y <strong>of</strong>fered<br />
him a partnership and <strong>the</strong> direction <strong>of</strong> a laboratory <strong>in</strong> Montreal,<br />
Canada, <strong>the</strong> center <strong>of</strong> new imag<strong>in</strong>g technologies. In view <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
limited possibilities Israel could <strong>of</strong>fer for holography and his need<br />
for wider horizons, he decided to move to Canada <strong>in</strong> 1986. There, besides<br />
his regular photographic work, he experimented extensively<br />
with <strong>the</strong> magic beams. He registered a U.S. patent for a “Photograph<br />
Booth with Automatic Holographic Camera” on April 5, 1988; see<br />
http://www.patentstorm.us/patents-<strong>by</strong>-date/1988/0405-1.html. This<br />
unique device was capable <strong>of</strong> creat<strong>in</strong>g a hologram <strong>of</strong> a human subject<br />
positioned <strong>in</strong>side it and fac<strong>in</strong>g a holographic sheet film on which <strong>the</strong><br />
hologram <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> subject was to be recorded. Although <strong>the</strong> booth had all<br />
<strong>the</strong> necessary safety devices to prevent <strong>the</strong> laser beam from damag<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong><br />
sitter’s eyes, its high cost probably prevented its commercial realization.<br />
<strong>Allon</strong>’s stay <strong>in</strong> Canada, although longer than <strong>in</strong>tended, was also a period<br />
<strong>of</strong> reflection on <strong>the</strong> very essence <strong>of</strong> images, and it naturally <strong>in</strong>fluenced<br />
his future work. Upon his return to Israel <strong>in</strong> 1991, he cont<strong>in</strong>ued<br />
experiment<strong>in</strong>g with <strong>the</strong> notion <strong>of</strong> multiple po<strong>in</strong>ts <strong>of</strong> view, turn<strong>in</strong>g his<br />
16
Figure 12: From <strong>the</strong> film Ha-Hagorah shel No‘omi (Naomi’s Corset), 2004.<br />
<strong>in</strong>terest towards video <strong>in</strong>stallations as ano<strong>the</strong>r possibility <strong>of</strong> imag<strong>in</strong>g<br />
and representation. The residual effect <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se can be strongly felt <strong>in</strong><br />
his new video creations, where he uses split screens that <strong>of</strong>fer viewers<br />
several vantage po<strong>in</strong>ts simultaneously, thus allow<strong>in</strong>g different <strong>in</strong>terpretations<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> works.<br />
Among <strong>Allon</strong>’s more recent achievements are two films that have<br />
brought him a well-deserved <strong>in</strong>ternational recognition. The documentary<br />
Naomi’s Corset (2004) is based on <strong>the</strong> ordeal his daughter<br />
Naomi went through <strong>in</strong> a series <strong>of</strong> difficult surgical operations to correct<br />
a serious case <strong>of</strong> scoliosis. This deeply mov<strong>in</strong>g document unavoidably<br />
carries traces <strong>of</strong> elements from <strong>the</strong> c<strong>in</strong>éma vérité so familiar<br />
to him. However, it deals with a new vernacular, that <strong>of</strong> video art,<br />
which, through staged and manipulated scenes, questions <strong>the</strong> sober<br />
and realistic imagery that is <strong>the</strong> very essence <strong>of</strong> c<strong>in</strong>éma vérité. <strong>Allon</strong>’s<br />
film was awarded <strong>the</strong> jury’s special mention at <strong>the</strong> FIPA (International<br />
Festival <strong>of</strong> Audiovisual Programs) <strong>in</strong> 2005 (Figure 12).<br />
His second film, Fragments, is nei<strong>the</strong>r a documentary nor a feature. It<br />
asks questions and seeks answers without necessarily f<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>g any,<br />
which has always been characteristic <strong>of</strong> <strong>Allon</strong>’s creative activity and<br />
prolific m<strong>in</strong>d. His question<strong>in</strong>g has long transcended <strong>the</strong> personal level<br />
17
and has moved to <strong>the</strong> wider national, political, and social realms. His<br />
queries vis-à-vis be<strong>in</strong>g Israeli, Zionist, and Jewish (not <strong>in</strong> a religious<br />
but ra<strong>the</strong>r a mystical context) are not meant to create controversy; that<br />
already exists naturally <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> country. He aims <strong>in</strong>stead to raise issues<br />
<strong>of</strong> identity and belong<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong> land and country and <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ethical<br />
values <strong>of</strong> Israel <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> contemporary geopolitical environment. As is<br />
clear from <strong>the</strong> film itself, <strong>Allon</strong> asks questions and attempts to answer<br />
<strong>the</strong>m <strong>in</strong> a dialogue with himself. Yet <strong>the</strong> answers are not to be found.<br />
This impossible situation makes his daughter, also act<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> film,<br />
ask: “Fa<strong>the</strong>r, why don’t you answer me.” As with most <strong>of</strong> his art work,<br />
this film, although contemporary <strong>in</strong> its conception and <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> new<br />
technologies, still shows <strong>in</strong>fluences from <strong>Allon</strong>’s European and especially<br />
French background. The construction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> movie, with <strong>the</strong> different<br />
scenes and episodes <strong>in</strong> it, some recurrent, o<strong>the</strong>rs virtually<br />
unrelated or contradictory, are rem<strong>in</strong>iscent <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> literary style called<br />
nouveau roman advocated <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> 1960s <strong>by</strong> novelist and filmmaker<br />
Ala<strong>in</strong> Robbe-Grillet.<br />
It is virtually impossible to sum up such a long and prolific career <strong>in</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> arts <strong>in</strong> one short essay. Look<strong>in</strong>g back, <strong>Allon</strong> can be rightfully satisfied<br />
with what has happened to him personally, as well as with his <strong>in</strong>volvement<br />
<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> artistic life <strong>of</strong> Israel. The country has enriched him<br />
as a person and as an artist, and at <strong>the</strong> same time it has received much<br />
from him. However, he himself never asserts <strong>the</strong> importance <strong>of</strong> his<br />
achievements or <strong>the</strong> wide range <strong>of</strong> his <strong>in</strong>fluence. Throughout his career,<br />
Gérard <strong>Allon</strong> has ev<strong>in</strong>ced a personal and artistic modesty. Instead<br />
<strong>of</strong> impos<strong>in</strong>g himself upon his creations, he reveals and expresses himself<br />
only through <strong>the</strong> richness, variety, and orig<strong>in</strong>ality <strong>of</strong> his creative<br />
strategies. Israel has been blessed with such an outstand<strong>in</strong>g addition to<br />
its artistic family.<br />
Nissan N. Perez<br />
February 2008<br />
18
P E R S O NA L S TAT E M E N T<br />
Dispute over Photonic Representation<br />
G É R A R D A L LO N<br />
Jerusalem, Spr<strong>in</strong>g 2009<br />
In front <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Bezalel Academy <strong>of</strong> F<strong>in</strong>e Arts <strong>in</strong> Jerusalem and <strong>in</strong><br />
front <strong>of</strong> a crowd <strong>of</strong> students and teachers, a dispute over photonic<br />
representations began. Tak<strong>in</strong>g part <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> dispute were a holographer,<br />
a portraitist, and a photojournalist.<br />
Follow<strong>in</strong>g a brief <strong>in</strong>troduction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> protagonists, <strong>the</strong> Academy’s<br />
president let <strong>the</strong> dispute range freely.<br />
Below we report some excerpts from a discussion that cont<strong>in</strong>ued<br />
through <strong>the</strong> night on <strong>the</strong> heights <strong>of</strong> Mount Scopus.<br />
The Portraitist<br />
The true greatness <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> photographic image comes from its ability to<br />
faithfully reproduce <strong>the</strong> forms <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> real. This is best expressed <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
portrait. What does it matter if <strong>the</strong> f<strong>in</strong>al image is three-dimensional?<br />
Look<strong>in</strong>g at a daguerreotype means com<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>to contact with <strong>the</strong> soul<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> person who was <strong>in</strong> front <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> silver plate. This image is not a<br />
graphic reconstruction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> features <strong>of</strong> a face, but ra<strong>the</strong>r, to <strong>the</strong> contrary,<br />
it is its lum<strong>in</strong>ous impr<strong>in</strong>t. This is true for all types <strong>of</strong> photographic<br />
portraits but it is clear that <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> case <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> daguerreotype it<br />
is as if we are fac<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> mirror that saw <strong>the</strong> person represented. The<br />
photons assumed each one <strong>of</strong> its features before be<strong>in</strong>g reflected onto<br />
<strong>the</strong> sensitive plate while bear<strong>in</strong>g with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong>m a portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> soul that<br />
every face knows how to reveal.<br />
The photo-sensitive object is sacralized <strong>by</strong> <strong>the</strong> impression that will forever<br />
mark it.<br />
19
I draw a basic difference between <strong>the</strong> daguerreotype, which has been<br />
physically touched <strong>by</strong> <strong>the</strong> light which came from <strong>the</strong> be<strong>in</strong>g’s face, and<br />
<strong>the</strong> photographic pr<strong>in</strong>t. A photograph on paper, made based on a negative,<br />
is but <strong>the</strong> graphic reconstruction <strong>of</strong> a lum<strong>in</strong>ous pr<strong>in</strong>t. It is <strong>the</strong><br />
product <strong>of</strong> a laboratory operation that manipulates <strong>the</strong> negative image<br />
so as to create a positive image, one that is <strong>of</strong>ten reframed, is sometimes<br />
retouched, and is almost always enlarged. The vital energy or,<br />
better yet, <strong>the</strong> soul <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> photographed subject has, <strong>in</strong> a sense, blurred<br />
dur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> process. Only <strong>the</strong> negative that has been exposed to <strong>the</strong> lum<strong>in</strong>ous<br />
waves reflected <strong>by</strong> <strong>the</strong> subject reta<strong>in</strong>s <strong>the</strong> liv<strong>in</strong>g memory <strong>of</strong> its<br />
presence. The mechanical and chemical reproduction desacralizes <strong>the</strong><br />
orig<strong>in</strong>al image.<br />
Mark this well.<br />
The search for a mimetic pictorial technology <strong>of</strong> what is currently <strong>in</strong><br />
existence is a response to our fa<strong>the</strong>rs’ deep faith <strong>in</strong> material’s tak<strong>in</strong>g<br />
on <strong>the</strong> shapes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> soul that <strong>in</strong>habits it. So <strong>the</strong> discovery <strong>of</strong> photography<br />
was <strong>the</strong> fruit <strong>of</strong> a quest to learn this. Through it I can deepen my<br />
knowledge <strong>of</strong> man and nature.<br />
As <strong>the</strong> faithful impr<strong>in</strong>t <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> forms <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> real, <strong>the</strong> photographic image<br />
allows me to know be<strong>in</strong>gs, landscapes, and th<strong>in</strong>gs that I have never<br />
personally encountered.<br />
Ask <strong>the</strong> scientist.<br />
He will tell you that <strong>the</strong> photograph is <strong>the</strong> ma<strong>in</strong> mediator <strong>of</strong> his knowledge.<br />
Without it he would not know much about <strong>the</strong> universe. His understand<strong>in</strong>g<br />
<strong>of</strong> distant galaxies is based on <strong>the</strong> images that were taken<br />
<strong>by</strong> <strong>the</strong> cameras that he has sent <strong>in</strong>to space. To exam<strong>in</strong>e <strong>the</strong> photograph<br />
<strong>of</strong> a distant star is to discover <strong>the</strong> star itself.<br />
Exploration <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> liv<strong>in</strong>g body is done through <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>termediary<br />
<strong>of</strong> m<strong>in</strong>uscule cameras that <strong>the</strong> researcher sends <strong>of</strong>f <strong>in</strong>to <strong>the</strong><br />
flow <strong>of</strong> blood <strong>in</strong> his ve<strong>in</strong>s and arteries. Scientific knowledge is obta<strong>in</strong>ed<br />
from see<strong>in</strong>g it.<br />
The explorer, hav<strong>in</strong>g come back from <strong>the</strong> heart <strong>of</strong> unknown cont<strong>in</strong>ents,<br />
will exam<strong>in</strong>e <strong>the</strong> photographs that he took <strong>in</strong> order to expand<br />
our understand<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> world. O<strong>the</strong>r seekers <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> True will carry<br />
out new explorations, via those same images, without need<strong>in</strong>g to move<br />
physically. To exam<strong>in</strong>e an au<strong>the</strong>ntic photograph <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Real means exam<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g<br />
<strong>the</strong> Real itself.<br />
Knowledge <strong>of</strong> what is <strong>in</strong>f<strong>in</strong>itely small <strong>in</strong>cludes <strong>the</strong> mak<strong>in</strong>g and <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>terpretation<br />
<strong>of</strong> photographic images. I have seen <strong>the</strong> result <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> impact produced<br />
<strong>by</strong> <strong>the</strong> meet<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> two protons smashed aga<strong>in</strong>st one ano<strong>the</strong>r <strong>in</strong> a<br />
particle accelerator, on a photographic plate that clearly remembers <strong>the</strong><br />
event. Thus I can objectively, which is to say scientifically, draw conclusions<br />
about <strong>the</strong> life <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> material based on <strong>the</strong> faithful snapshot.<br />
The scientist is <strong>the</strong> bro<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> portraitist and <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> daguerreotypist<br />
<strong>in</strong> particular. Both <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m try to give an image <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> real such as<br />
it is, outside <strong>of</strong> me.<br />
The Holographer<br />
Let me expla<strong>in</strong> this to you.<br />
The two-dimensional photograph represents only a shadow <strong>of</strong> reality.<br />
Remember this: <strong>the</strong> camera obscura, <strong>the</strong> most important tool for<br />
know<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> physical world s<strong>in</strong>ce <strong>the</strong> Renaissance, was already known<br />
to <strong>the</strong> Ancients. The lum<strong>in</strong>ous reflection projected onto <strong>the</strong> wall <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
dark room, after hav<strong>in</strong>g crossed <strong>the</strong> p<strong>in</strong>hole, or even <strong>the</strong> lens <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
20
tightly closed diaphragm, did not <strong>in</strong>terest <strong>the</strong>m. In it <strong>the</strong>y saw only an<br />
illusion, or a lie, or even a trap <strong>by</strong> Satan.<br />
And do you know why?<br />
The fact is that <strong>the</strong> biggest section <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> light reflected <strong>by</strong> <strong>the</strong> material<br />
world does not get <strong>in</strong>to <strong>the</strong> camera obscura. Only <strong>the</strong> photons that are<br />
geometrically l<strong>in</strong>ed up with <strong>the</strong> p<strong>in</strong>hole make an impression on <strong>the</strong><br />
photographic plate. All <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs which are immeasurably more numerous<br />
get lost <strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>f<strong>in</strong>ity or even shatter <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> surround<strong>in</strong>g material.<br />
Which is to say that <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>formation ga<strong>the</strong>red <strong>by</strong> <strong>the</strong> light-sensitive<br />
plate is <strong>in</strong>f<strong>in</strong>itely partial.<br />
By position<strong>in</strong>g his equipment, <strong>the</strong> operator perforce selects <strong>the</strong> photons<br />
that will contribute to <strong>the</strong> creation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> image. So <strong>the</strong> partial<br />
<strong>in</strong>formation is <strong>in</strong> truth partial. It positions <strong>the</strong> operator’s I at <strong>the</strong> core<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> debate. The “what I see <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> real” <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> photographic image<br />
becomes <strong>the</strong> “what I believe <strong>the</strong> real is.” What I see through <strong>the</strong> p<strong>in</strong>hole<br />
becomes scientific, artistic, and political law. In it <strong>the</strong> perspective is<br />
unique, s<strong>in</strong>gle-eyed, flat, and determ<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>by</strong> my s<strong>in</strong>gle choice <strong>of</strong> position<strong>in</strong>g<br />
<strong>the</strong> one-eyed lens <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> physical, material, sensitive world.<br />
The flat image based on static perspective, which is an illusion <strong>of</strong><br />
depth, is <strong>the</strong> source <strong>of</strong> photography. It is <strong>the</strong> propaganda tool par excellence.<br />
Its truncated representation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Real passes itself <strong>of</strong>f as a<br />
tw<strong>in</strong> sister <strong>of</strong> Truth.<br />
It serves wars, acts <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>justice, and <strong>the</strong> economic exploitation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
masses.<br />
Let me talk to you about holography.<br />
This word comes from <strong>the</strong> Greek holos, entire, complete, and from<br />
graphe<strong>in</strong>, to write.<br />
Its name means someth<strong>in</strong>g like <strong>the</strong> complete message or ra<strong>the</strong>r <strong>in</strong>formation<br />
<strong>in</strong> its entirety.<br />
In <strong>the</strong> case <strong>of</strong> holography, <strong>the</strong> light that is reflected <strong>by</strong> <strong>the</strong> object does<br />
not pass through a p<strong>in</strong>hole <strong>in</strong> its trajectory toward <strong>the</strong> photo-sensitive<br />
plate. There is no selection <strong>of</strong> signify<strong>in</strong>g photons as occurs <strong>in</strong> photography.<br />
Holographic vision is accomplished via a broad w<strong>in</strong>dow onto <strong>the</strong> real<br />
and not via a t<strong>in</strong>y open<strong>in</strong>g made <strong>in</strong> one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> walls <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> camera obscura.<br />
Each one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> po<strong>in</strong>ts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> holographic plate conta<strong>in</strong>s all <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> visual <strong>in</strong>formation about <strong>the</strong> recorded object. We actually perceive<br />
<strong>the</strong> image’s depth. The perspective is not limited to a one-eyed and<br />
static po<strong>in</strong>t <strong>of</strong> view. It will change as a function <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> viewer’s holographic<br />
w<strong>in</strong>dow. Two observers situated simultaneously <strong>in</strong> front a<br />
holographic image will not see <strong>the</strong> same th<strong>in</strong>g.<br />
As you know, each one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> po<strong>in</strong>ts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> photo-sensitive emulsion<br />
will record <strong>the</strong> lum<strong>in</strong>ous <strong>in</strong>formation reflected <strong>by</strong> each one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
po<strong>in</strong>ts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> holographed object. Ow<strong>in</strong>g to this, each one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> po<strong>in</strong>ts<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> holographic plate will conta<strong>in</strong> all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> visual <strong>in</strong>formation <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> object located opposite it. So <strong>the</strong> wider and taller a w<strong>in</strong>dow is, <strong>the</strong><br />
more <strong>the</strong> parallax effect will <strong>in</strong>crease. The more vision expands, <strong>the</strong><br />
more <strong>the</strong> question<strong>in</strong>g about <strong>the</strong> mean<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> representation <strong>in</strong>creases.<br />
The richer <strong>the</strong> representation, <strong>the</strong> less chance I have to understand<br />
and appropriate <strong>the</strong> visual <strong>in</strong>terpretation unto myself. The<br />
more detailed <strong>the</strong> representation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> real is, <strong>the</strong> more <strong>in</strong> itself it presents<br />
a major number <strong>of</strong> po<strong>in</strong>ts <strong>of</strong> view.<br />
21
If you shatter a holographic plate, you will cont<strong>in</strong>ue to see all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> object<br />
recorded <strong>in</strong> each one <strong>of</strong> its fragments. But <strong>the</strong> more <strong>the</strong> size <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
fragment dim<strong>in</strong>ishes, <strong>the</strong> less <strong>of</strong> a role <strong>the</strong> parallax effect will play. The<br />
observer located opposite a small holographic fragment will only be<br />
able to read it with a s<strong>in</strong>gle eye just as <strong>the</strong> viewer located on <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> door will only be able to observe <strong>the</strong> scene through <strong>the</strong> keyhole.<br />
An <strong>in</strong>f<strong>in</strong>ity <strong>of</strong> details <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> scene will thus be illegible.<br />
Reduced to <strong>the</strong> size <strong>of</strong> a p<strong>in</strong>hole, a hologram will have characteristics<br />
equivalent to those <strong>of</strong> a photograph.<br />
Look closely.<br />
A hologram imposes on <strong>the</strong> viewer <strong>the</strong> physical necessity <strong>of</strong> mov<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong><br />
order to read it via its multiplicity <strong>of</strong> po<strong>in</strong>ts <strong>of</strong> view. Read<strong>in</strong>g a holographic<br />
image implies a move <strong>by</strong> <strong>the</strong> viewer <strong>in</strong> space over a period <strong>of</strong><br />
time. The read<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> a photograph demands, albeit for an <strong>in</strong>stant, a<br />
halt <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> viewer’s attention to <strong>the</strong> fixed image.<br />
The holographic viewer is dynamic whereas <strong>the</strong> photographic viewer<br />
is static.<br />
The multiplicity <strong>of</strong> po<strong>in</strong>ts <strong>of</strong> view that are necessary for <strong>the</strong> read<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong><br />
a hologram implies a move <strong>of</strong> thought <strong>in</strong>to <strong>the</strong> space-time <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> representation.<br />
The operation’s relative complexity will evoke question<strong>in</strong>g<br />
and doubt <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> viewer. The peculiarity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> photographic image is<br />
<strong>of</strong> its be<strong>in</strong>g limited to a s<strong>in</strong>gle po<strong>in</strong>t <strong>of</strong> view. Its <strong>in</strong>tr<strong>in</strong>sic s<strong>in</strong>gle voice<br />
will <strong>in</strong>vite <strong>the</strong> viewer to give it a clear, unique <strong>in</strong>terpretation. The photographic<br />
representation tends to conv<strong>in</strong>ce <strong>the</strong> observer <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> truthfulness<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>formation that it conveys. The observer is <strong>in</strong>vited to see<br />
<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> photographic representation what its author saw at <strong>the</strong> time <strong>the</strong><br />
image was recorded. In holography <strong>the</strong> operator’s eye cannot simultaneously<br />
occupy all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> po<strong>in</strong>ts <strong>of</strong> view <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> scene that he is fix<strong>in</strong>g<br />
onto <strong>the</strong> sensitive plate.<br />
Ow<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong> nature <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> photographic medium, <strong>the</strong> <strong>the</strong>oretically<br />
objective operator imposes his own perspective on me even if this was<br />
manipulated.<br />
In holography, <strong>the</strong> notion <strong>of</strong> objectivity on <strong>the</strong> part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> operator<br />
loses its mean<strong>in</strong>g.<br />
The peculiarity <strong>of</strong> a photograph is to isolate a particular <strong>in</strong>stant among<br />
an <strong>in</strong>f<strong>in</strong>ity <strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r <strong>in</strong>stants that are contiguous with it and which form<br />
<strong>the</strong> flow <strong>of</strong> time.<br />
The author <strong>of</strong> a photograph perforce seeks to conv<strong>in</strong>ce us that he has<br />
released <strong>the</strong> shutter <strong>of</strong> his camera at a privileged and significant moment,<br />
one that is superior to <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>stants that preceded it.<br />
The photograph, and, after that, <strong>the</strong> c<strong>in</strong>ema, atomize space-time <strong>in</strong> a<br />
l<strong>in</strong>ear set <strong>of</strong> separated visual <strong>in</strong>stants.<br />
The photograph seems to dom<strong>in</strong>ate <strong>the</strong> represented subject <strong>by</strong> freez<strong>in</strong>g<br />
it <strong>in</strong> its frame. It <strong>in</strong> turn asks you to subjugate it. The photograph<br />
pressures you <strong>in</strong>to tak<strong>in</strong>g part <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> feel<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> dom<strong>in</strong>at<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> subject<br />
that has been set onto <strong>the</strong> plate, a bit like <strong>the</strong> hunter’s stuffed trophy<br />
tends to streng<strong>the</strong>n your feel<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> superiority <strong>in</strong> relation to <strong>the</strong> sla<strong>in</strong><br />
animal. The photograph appeals for communion between <strong>the</strong> operator,<br />
<strong>the</strong> represented subject, and all viewers.<br />
Do not go <strong>of</strong>f and th<strong>in</strong>k that holography’s peculiarity lies <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> threedimensional<br />
aspect <strong>of</strong> its representations.<br />
22
From <strong>the</strong> start <strong>of</strong> photography, <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>vention <strong>of</strong> stereoscopy allowed<br />
for <strong>the</strong> creation <strong>of</strong> images <strong>in</strong> relief. Two pieces <strong>of</strong> photographic equipment<br />
positioned side <strong>by</strong> side, with spac<strong>in</strong>g equivalent to that which<br />
separates <strong>the</strong> two eyes <strong>of</strong> a face, record <strong>the</strong> same object. These two<br />
s<strong>in</strong>gle-eyed representations will be allowed to see such that each eye<br />
will only be able to perceive <strong>the</strong> image match<strong>in</strong>g its position <strong>in</strong> relation<br />
to <strong>the</strong> photographed object. So <strong>the</strong> relief effect is created. But <strong>the</strong><br />
image’s perspective will not be altered, even <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> event <strong>the</strong> viewer<br />
changed position <strong>in</strong> relation to it.<br />
All viewers <strong>of</strong> a stereoscopic image see <strong>the</strong> same th<strong>in</strong>g at <strong>the</strong> same time,<br />
this <strong>in</strong>dependently <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir position <strong>in</strong> relation to it.<br />
In <strong>the</strong> case <strong>of</strong> holography, as I have already mentioned to you, at a<br />
given moment each one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> viewers located opposite <strong>the</strong> holographic<br />
w<strong>in</strong>dow discovers a perspective that is different from that <strong>of</strong><br />
his neighbor. His perception is relative to his position <strong>in</strong> space-time.<br />
The specificity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> holographic representation is thus above all to<br />
relativize <strong>the</strong> view<strong>in</strong>g based on <strong>the</strong> spectator’s physical position.<br />
The Photojournalist<br />
Follow<strong>in</strong>g such praise <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> daguerreotype and <strong>the</strong> hologram, let me<br />
try to tell you about my experience with photographic representation.<br />
As for myself, I create documents. I document <strong>the</strong> social events that<br />
seem to unfold around us, outside <strong>of</strong> myself.<br />
I produce <strong>the</strong> items that are essential to <strong>the</strong> historian’s future work.<br />
But I am also <strong>the</strong> person through whom <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>formation passes among<br />
<strong>the</strong> actors who produce <strong>the</strong> event and <strong>the</strong> spectators <strong>of</strong> my images,<br />
near and far.<br />
At every moment <strong>of</strong> my photographic act, I select and manipulate <strong>the</strong><br />
visual <strong>in</strong>formation: By fram<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> image, through <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>stant that has<br />
been selected for <strong>the</strong> exposure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> film that is shut up <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> dark<br />
room, through <strong>the</strong> lens that will redirect <strong>the</strong> light’s rays, through <strong>the</strong><br />
choice <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> type <strong>of</strong> sensitive medium that will reta<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> memory <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> recorded scene, through <strong>the</strong> length <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> exhibition, through <strong>the</strong><br />
depth <strong>of</strong> fields that <strong>the</strong> backgrounds will or will not reveal, etc.<br />
Know that <strong>the</strong> photojournalist, like <strong>the</strong> hunter, is on <strong>the</strong> look-out. For<br />
what? For <strong>the</strong> coveted prey, <strong>of</strong> course. This <strong>in</strong>volves a prey selected <strong>by</strong><br />
him from among all <strong>the</strong> possible preys <strong>of</strong>fered <strong>by</strong> nature. He will chose<br />
<strong>the</strong> time he goes out, <strong>the</strong> spot from which he will watch, <strong>the</strong> weapon<br />
used, and <strong>the</strong> very cloth<strong>in</strong>g he will wear as a function <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> animal he<br />
hopes to kill and br<strong>in</strong>g back to his lair. All <strong>of</strong> this requires preparation.<br />
If I go <strong>of</strong>f hunt<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> wild boar, it is not highly probable I will return<br />
with bodies <strong>of</strong> pigeons. I will eventually f<strong>in</strong>d what I am look<strong>in</strong>g for.<br />
Just as <strong>the</strong> carab<strong>in</strong>eer comes back with <strong>the</strong> corpse <strong>of</strong> his selected prey,<br />
<strong>the</strong> photojournalist records <strong>the</strong> snapshots that he has sought. He will<br />
have to have done preparatory work <strong>in</strong> proper and due form before<br />
go<strong>in</strong>g and seiz<strong>in</strong>g his privileged <strong>in</strong>stants.<br />
The latter <strong>in</strong>cludes gett<strong>in</strong>g permits to enter <strong>the</strong> territory where <strong>the</strong><br />
sought after action is unfold<strong>in</strong>g or, ra<strong>the</strong>r, will unfold, <strong>the</strong> contacts<br />
necessary to get as close to it as possible, <strong>the</strong> f<strong>in</strong>anc<strong>in</strong>g that is <strong>in</strong>dispensable<br />
to achieve <strong>in</strong>-depth documentary work, <strong>the</strong> choice <strong>of</strong> equipment,<br />
and many o<strong>the</strong>r th<strong>in</strong>gs. Do you th<strong>in</strong>k I am <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> process <strong>of</strong><br />
m<strong>in</strong>imiz<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> importance <strong>of</strong> my job? Quite to <strong>the</strong> contrary. The<br />
events demand to be revealed, that is to say <strong>in</strong>terpreted, represented,<br />
put on stage. The photojournalist is a man <strong>of</strong> action. Beyond what he<br />
23
lets us see <strong>of</strong> a just disappeared event, he provides us with an op<strong>in</strong>ion.<br />
He is part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> action and <strong>of</strong>ten even <strong>in</strong>fluences it.<br />
The documentalist’s ma<strong>in</strong> problem is to create <strong>the</strong> documents that he<br />
believes <strong>in</strong>, those that will give him <strong>the</strong> feel<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> hav<strong>in</strong>g played <strong>the</strong><br />
role necessary for <strong>the</strong> unfold<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> action <strong>in</strong> which he takes part.<br />
But he knows that <strong>in</strong> order to exist, his images will have to be selected<br />
<strong>by</strong> editors, historians, conservators, and o<strong>the</strong>r key actors <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> f<strong>in</strong>al<br />
representation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> event. So it will be necessary to reach a compromise<br />
with <strong>the</strong>m.<br />
In this sense I agree with <strong>the</strong> holographer when he says that <strong>the</strong> photographic<br />
image is partial.<br />
The Portraitist<br />
It’s people like you who hijack photography from its mission. Just as<br />
<strong>the</strong> strong photographic portrait is <strong>the</strong> one that provides <strong>the</strong> face with<br />
all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> scratches generated <strong>by</strong> time, avoid<strong>in</strong>g greasepa<strong>in</strong>t and pos<strong>in</strong>g,<br />
and just as <strong>the</strong> social photograph must reduce <strong>the</strong> operator’s manipulat<strong>in</strong>g<br />
<strong>in</strong>tervention to a m<strong>in</strong>imum. The fram<strong>in</strong>g will be neutral. The<br />
lens that is used will be transparent and not distort. The moment <strong>the</strong><br />
shutter is released will br<strong>in</strong>g all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> data from <strong>the</strong> scene <strong>in</strong>to a<br />
unique, masterly image.<br />
The Photojournalist<br />
Can knowledge come from murder?<br />
In order to prove <strong>the</strong> rightfulness <strong>of</strong> what he is look<strong>in</strong>g for, <strong>the</strong> scientist<br />
dissects, deconstructs, <strong>in</strong>tervenes, provokes, and f<strong>in</strong>ally kills <strong>the</strong> liv<strong>in</strong>g<br />
th<strong>in</strong>g he has observed.<br />
Like him <strong>the</strong> photographer selects, composes, waits, provokes, releases<br />
<strong>the</strong> shutter, and kills <strong>the</strong> movement <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> photographed scene.<br />
What we call photographic truth is only a plastic <strong>in</strong>terpretation <strong>of</strong> a<br />
physical event that has just passed.<br />
Slightly before dawn, <strong>the</strong> Academy’s president put an end to <strong>the</strong> dispute.<br />
The crowd began its slow descent toward <strong>the</strong> heart <strong>of</strong> Jerusalem,<br />
tak<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>numerable paths that run all around Mount Scopus.<br />
Some walkers were silent while o<strong>the</strong>rs were try<strong>in</strong>g to catch <strong>the</strong>ir neighbors’<br />
attention. Among <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>numerable voices that surrounded me,<br />
some have rema<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong> my memory.<br />
One Teenaged Voice, As If Speak<strong>in</strong>g to Himself<br />
If, <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> f<strong>in</strong>al analysis, <strong>the</strong> photograph does not represent <strong>the</strong> Real but<br />
is content with giv<strong>in</strong>g a formal <strong>in</strong>terpretation <strong>of</strong> it, <strong>the</strong> science based<br />
on <strong>the</strong>se photographic images would <strong>the</strong>n only be a dependency <strong>of</strong><br />
poetry and philosophy. It would ga<strong>in</strong> from mistrust<strong>in</strong>g its own sufficiency.<br />
Might <strong>the</strong>re be room for a science <strong>of</strong> nature that would not just be materialist?<br />
Ano<strong>the</strong>r Voice<br />
The scientist is <strong>the</strong> bro<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> portraitist and <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> daguerrotypist<br />
<strong>in</strong> particular. Both <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m claim to provide an image <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> real as it<br />
is. The only th<strong>in</strong>g is that <strong>the</strong> features <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> face are fugitive just as nature<br />
is steeped <strong>in</strong> a permanent movement that seems to drag it heaven<br />
only knows where.<br />
24
A Somewhat Grandiloquent Voice That Seemed to Want to Attack Me<br />
The holographic representation is <strong>the</strong> enemy <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> portraitist and <strong>the</strong><br />
scientist as well as <strong>the</strong> documentalist. All three swear only <strong>by</strong> <strong>the</strong> s<strong>in</strong>gle-eyed<br />
photographic image, and <strong>the</strong> stereoscopic image at that.<br />
As for holography, it does not claim to provide an exhaustive response<br />
to <strong>the</strong> mysteries <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> world. It leaves <strong>the</strong> door wide open to a plurality<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>terpretations <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> universe. But it <strong>in</strong>volves a frozen representation.<br />
Two Photography Pr<strong>of</strong>essors Speak<strong>in</strong>g to Each O<strong>the</strong>r<br />
Is <strong>the</strong> image reported <strong>by</strong> me evidence <strong>of</strong> a past event that reportedly took<br />
place <strong>in</strong> all events, even outside <strong>of</strong> my presence, or ra<strong>the</strong>r was I one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
players <strong>in</strong> a ceremony staged <strong>by</strong> a hidden artist? Am I <strong>the</strong> witness to an<br />
<strong>in</strong>dependent gesture <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> transmission tool that I activate?<br />
Only <strong>the</strong> poacher <strong>of</strong> images might be able to claim to occupy a po<strong>in</strong>t <strong>of</strong><br />
view that is different from that <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hunter who has been approved <strong>by</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> communications m<strong>in</strong>istry.<br />
So <strong>the</strong> photographer will ga<strong>in</strong> from accept<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> fact that his images<br />
are <strong>the</strong> result <strong>of</strong> a manipulation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> material shapes reflected <strong>by</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
real. A photograph is perforce a photograph <strong>of</strong> someth<strong>in</strong>g and <strong>the</strong> photographic<br />
representation that I give <strong>of</strong> it will perforce be distant from<br />
<strong>the</strong> essence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> recorded event.<br />
And, lower down <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> valley, as we were go<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>to <strong>the</strong><br />
city’s <strong>in</strong>habited neighborhoods, an old man’s sweet voice<br />
whispered <strong>in</strong>to my ear<br />
Everyth<strong>in</strong>g is but <strong>the</strong> representation <strong>of</strong> a representation, which is itself<br />
<strong>the</strong> representation <strong>of</strong> a represention, and this goes on without end. Material<br />
and photography, its tw<strong>in</strong> sister, form <strong>the</strong> two f<strong>in</strong>al stages <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
representation <strong>of</strong> an <strong>in</strong>visible, hidden, hypo<strong>the</strong>tical, and absent absolute.<br />
Gérard <strong>Allon</strong><br />
Jaffa, June 2009<br />
Translated <strong>by</strong> Charles S. F<strong>in</strong>eman<br />
25
AC K N OW L E D G E M E N T S<br />
My deep thanks to Charles Berl<strong>in</strong> and Violet Radn<strong>of</strong>sky for <strong>the</strong>ir <strong>in</strong>terest <strong>in</strong> my work. They made it<br />
possible for me to digitize most <strong>of</strong> my photographic images and make <strong>the</strong>m available to researchers and<br />
<strong>the</strong> general public through <strong>the</strong> Internet. The publication <strong>of</strong> this catalog is a fur<strong>the</strong>r encouragement to<br />
me <strong>in</strong> pursu<strong>in</strong>g my artistic work.<br />
Thank you to Elizabeth Vernon for her significant contribution <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> preparation <strong>of</strong> this catalog.<br />
Thank you to Nissan N. Perez for his <strong>in</strong>valuable <strong>in</strong>troductory text to this volume. Our meet<strong>in</strong>gs over <strong>the</strong><br />
years have encouraged me to cont<strong>in</strong>ue my photographic and c<strong>in</strong>ematographic research.<br />
Thank you to Charles S. F<strong>in</strong>eman for his excellent English translation <strong>of</strong> my "Dispute Over Photonic<br />
Representations."<br />
Thank you to my friend Shai Zauderer for his <strong>in</strong>valuable advice dur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> layout <strong>of</strong> this catalog.<br />
F<strong>in</strong>ally thank you to my wife Henriette for her constant support.<br />
— Gérard <strong>Allon</strong><br />
26
IMA KURAG’ | BERTOLD BRECHT | HABIMAH, 1975
TS’ERLI KA-TSERLI | ILAN RONEN | KHAN THEATRE, 1978
FANSHEN | DAVID HARE | KHAN THEATRE, 1978
BI-DEMI YAMEHA | SHMUEL YOSEF AGNON<br />
KHAN THEATRE, 1977
MASHIAH BA! MASHIAH BA! | SLAWOMIR MROZ’EK | KHAN THEATRE,1978
OEDIPUS THE KING | SOPHOCLES | HABIMAH, 1977
AKHZAR MI-KOL HA-MELEKH | NISSIM ALONI | HABIMAH, 1997
MITOS | RANEH YERUSHALMI | ITIM THEATER ENSEMBLE, 2002
BA-MILHAMAH KEMO BA-MILHAMAH<br />
ILAN RONEN | HABIMAH, 2002
AKEV AKILES | ILAN RONEN | HABIMAH, 2002
MEHAKIM LE-GODO<br />
SAMUEL BECKETT | HABIMAH, 2002
NAMER HAVARBUROT | YA’AKOV SHABTAI | HABIMAH, 2006
AMADEUS | PETER SHAFFER | CAMERI, 2009
DONYAH ROSITAH | FEDERICO GARCIA LORCA | CAMERI, 2004
DEVORAH BARON | JUDITH KATZIR | CAMERI, 2004
MA’GAL HA-GIR HA-KAVKAZI | BERTOLD BRECHT | HABIMAH, 2000
SHELOMOH HA-MELEKH VE-SHALMAI HA-SANDLAR | SAMUEL GRONEMANN | HABIMAH, 2005
BUSTAN SEPHARADI | YTSHAK NAVON | HABIMAH, 1998
IRAM SHEL HA-ANASHIM HA-KETANIM<br />
SHOLEM ALEICHEM | HERZLIYA ENSEMBLE, 2009
HEVRON | TAMIR GREENBERG | HABIMAH-CAMERI, 2007
AYIN 17 | SHAI LAHAV | CAMERI, 2009
HA-DEREKH LE-’EN HAROD | AMOS KENAN | FESTIVAL HA-YISRE’ELI LE-TE’ATRON AHER | ACRE, 2004
MAMI | HILEL MITELPUNKT | HABIMAH, 2002
DON PERLIMPLIN | FEDERICO GARCÍA LORCA | KHAN THEATRE, 2000
G’ONI HALAKH | ELDAD ZIV, JONATHAN GEFEN | CAMERI, 2010
JULIUS CAESAR | WILLIAM SHAKESPEAR | HABIMAH, 1999
SHEMO HOLEKH LE-FANAV | EPHRAIM KISHON | CAMERI-HAIFA THEATER, 2008
HA-MEKHASHEFAH | ABRAHAM GOLDFADEN | HABIMAH, 2000
HAYAH O LO HAYAH | EDNAH MAZYA | CAMERI, 2007
SHAVU’AH | SHELOMI MOSHKOVITS | HABIMAH, 2004
ZUGIYUT, RUTI MECHAGAT | SHAI GOLDEN | HABIMAH, 2004
MIKHTAV AHAVAH | FERNANDO ARABAL | HABIMAH, 2003
HA-HEDER SHEL VARONIKAH | IRA LEVIN | HABIMAH, 1997
MEDEA | EURIPIDES | HABIMAH, 1998
KADISH LE-NO’OMI | ALLEN GINSBERG | HABIMAH, 2000
MILHAMAH | LARS NORN | HABIMAH, 2005
ARTON | AHARON ‘EZRA | HABIMAH, 2004
KEN HA KUKIA | DALE VASSERMAN | HABIMAH, 1999
MILKUD 22 | JOSEPH HELLER | HABIMAH, 1997
MOTO SHEL SOKHEN | ARTHUR MILLER | HABIMAH, 2003
BIGDE HA-MELEKH | NISIM ALONI | HABIMAH, 2004
HA-TAHANAH SHEL DON KIHOTEH | GILAD EVRON | HERZLIYA ENSEMBLE, 2008
ANAH KARENINAH | LEV TOLSTOI | HABIMAH, 2007
GESHEM SHAHOR | SHIMON BOUZAGLO | HERZLIYA ENSEMBLE-HAIFA THEATER, 2007
KOLOT BA-LAILAH<br />
YEHOSHU’A SOBOL | CAMERI, 2009
EPHIGENIA IN AULIS | EURIPIDES, SHIMON BOUZAGLO | HERZLIYA ENSEMBLE-HAIFA THEATER, 2009
KETER BA-ROSH<br />
YAAKOV SHABTAI | HABIMAH, 2004
TUVYAH HA-HALBAN | SHOLEM ALEICHEM | YIDISHPIL 2003
ALIS BE-ERETS HA-PELA’OT | LEWIS CARROLL | HABIMAH, 2003
AKHZAR VE-RAHUM<br />
SOPHOCLES | HABIMAH, 2005
HA-DIBUK-BEIN CHNEI OLAMOT | S. AN-SKI | HABIMAH, 1998
TASHMAD | SHEMU’EL ASIFRI | HABIMAH, 2003
PESHUTAH | MIKI ROTSHTAIN | HABIMAH | PERFORMED IN FESTIVAL TE’ATRONETO 2007
YALDE HA-TSEL | TOMER BENTSIYON | YIDISHPIL, 2007
ANTIGONAH<br />
SOPHOCLES | HABIMAH-CAMERI, 2006
P H OTO G R A P H S B Y G É R A R D A L LO N
L I S T O F P H OTO G R A P H S<br />
Ima Kurag’ (Mutter Courage und ihre K<strong>in</strong>der) (1975) 28-29<br />
Ts’erli Kats’erli (1978) 30-31<br />
Fanshen (1977) 32-33<br />
Bi-demi yameha (1977) 34<br />
Mashiah ba! Mashiah ba! (Testarium) (1978) 35<br />
Edipus ha-melekh (Oedipus Rex) (1977) 36-37<br />
Akhzar mi-kol ha-melekh (1997) 38-41<br />
Mitos (Oresteia) (2002) 42-43<br />
Ba-milhamah kemo ba-milhamah (2002) 44-45<br />
Akev Akhiles (2002) 46-47<br />
Mehakim le-Godo (En attendant Godot) (2002) 48-51<br />
Namer havarburot (2006) 52-53<br />
Amade’us (Amadeus) (2009) 54-55<br />
Donyah Rositah (Doña Rosita la Soltera) (2001) 56<br />
Devorah Baron (2000) 57<br />
Ma‘gal ha-gir ha-Kavkazi (Der kaukasische Kreidekreis) (1999) 58-59<br />
Shelomoh ha-melekh ve-Shalmai ha-sandlar<br />
(König Salomo und der Schuster) (2005) 60-61<br />
Bustan Sefaradi (1998) 62-63<br />
Iram shel ha-anashim ha-ketanim (2009) 64-65<br />
Hevron (2007) 66-69<br />
Ay<strong>in</strong> 17 (2009) 70<br />
Ha-derekh le-‘En Harod (2004) 71<br />
Mami (2002) 72-73<br />
Don Perlimpl<strong>in</strong> (Amor de Don Perlimpl<strong>in</strong> con Belisa<br />
en su jardín) (2000) 74-75<br />
G’oni halakh (2010) 76<br />
Yulyus Kesar (Julius Caesar) (1999) 77<br />
Shemo holekh le-fanav (2008) 78<br />
Ha-mekhashefah (2000) 79<br />
Hayah o lo hayah (2007) 80-81<br />
Shavu‘a (2004) 82-83<br />
Zugiyut: Ruti meshuga‘at (2004) 84-85<br />
Mikhtav ahavah (Carta de amor) (1999) 86<br />
Ha-heder shel Varonikah (Veronica’s Room) (1997) 87<br />
129
Mede’ah (Medea) (1998) 88-89<br />
Kadish le-No‘omi (Kaddish for Naomi G<strong>in</strong>sberg<br />
(1894-1956)) (2000) 90-93<br />
Milhamah (Krig) (2005) 94-95<br />
Arton (2004) 96-97<br />
Ken ha-kukiyah (One Flew over <strong>the</strong> Cuckoo’s Nest) (1999) 98-99<br />
Milkud 22 (Catch 22) (1997) 100-101<br />
Moto shel sokhen (Death <strong>of</strong> a Salesman) (2003) 102<br />
Bigde ha-melekh (2004) 103<br />
Ha-ta‘anah shel Don Kihoteh (2008) 104-105<br />
Anah Karen<strong>in</strong>ah (Anna Karen<strong>in</strong>a) (2007) 106-107<br />
Geshem shahor (2007) 108-109<br />
Kolot ba-lailah (2009) 110<br />
Ifigenyah be-Aulis (Ephigenia <strong>in</strong> Aulis) (2009) 111<br />
Keter ba-rosh (2004) 112<br />
Tevyeh der milkhiker (2003) 113<br />
Alis be-erets ha-pela’ot (Alice <strong>in</strong> Wonderland) (2003) 114-115<br />
Akhzar ve-rahum (Cruel and Tender) (2005) 116-117<br />
Ha-dibuk: ben shene olamot (Dibek) (1998) 118-121<br />
Tashmad (2005) 122<br />
Peshutah (2007) 123<br />
K<strong>in</strong>der fun shotn (Yalde ha-tsel) (2007) 124<br />
Antigonah (Antigone) (2006) 125-127<br />
130
I N D E X B Y T I T L E O F P H OTO G R A P H S<br />
(Note: Plays translated <strong>in</strong>to Hebrew are listed under both <strong>the</strong> title <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Hebrew translation and <strong>the</strong> orig<strong>in</strong>al title.)<br />
Title<br />
Page(s)<br />
Akev Akhiles 46-47<br />
Akhzar mi-kol ha-melekh 38-41<br />
Akhzar ve-rahum (Cruel and Tender) 116-117<br />
Alice <strong>in</strong> Wonderland 114-115<br />
Alis be-erets ha-pela’ot (Alice <strong>in</strong> Wonderland) 114-115<br />
Amadeus 54-55<br />
Amade’us (Amadeus) 54-55<br />
Amor de Don Perlimpl<strong>in</strong> con Belisa en su jardín 74-75<br />
Anah Karen<strong>in</strong>ah (Anna Karen<strong>in</strong>a) 106-107<br />
Anna Karen<strong>in</strong>a 106-107<br />
Antigonah (Antigone) 125-127<br />
Antigone 125-127<br />
Arton 96-97<br />
Ay<strong>in</strong> 17 70<br />
Ba-milhamah kemo ba-milhamah 44-45<br />
Bi-demi yameha 34<br />
Bigde ha-melekh 103<br />
Bustan Sefaradi 62-63<br />
Carta de amor 86<br />
Catch 22 100-101<br />
Cruel and Tender 116-117<br />
Death <strong>of</strong> a Salesman 102<br />
Ha-derekh le-‘En Harod 71<br />
Devorah Baron 57<br />
Dibek 118-121<br />
Ha-dibuk: ben shene olamot (Dibek) 118-121<br />
Don Perlimpl<strong>in</strong> (Amor de Don Perlimpl<strong>in</strong> con Belisa en su jardín) 74-75<br />
Doña Rosita la Soltera 56<br />
Donyah Rositah (Doña Rosita la Soltera) 56<br />
Edipus ha-melekh (Oedipus Rex) 36-37<br />
En attendant Godot 48-51<br />
Ephigenia <strong>in</strong> Aulis 111<br />
Fanshen 32-33<br />
Geshem shahor 108-109<br />
G’oni halakh 76<br />
Hayah o lo hayah 80-81<br />
131
Ha-heder shel Varonikah (Veronica’s Room) 87<br />
Hevron 66-69<br />
Ifigenyah be-Aulis (Ephigenia <strong>in</strong> Aulis) 111<br />
Ima Kurag’ (Mutter Courage und ihre K<strong>in</strong>der) 28-29<br />
Iram shel ha-anashim ha-ketanim 64-65<br />
Julius Caesar 77<br />
Kaddish for Naomi G<strong>in</strong>sberg (1894-1956) 90-93<br />
Kadish le-No‘omi (Kaddish for Naomi G<strong>in</strong>sberg (1894-1956)) 90-93<br />
Der kaukasische Kreidekreis 58-59<br />
Ken ha-kukiyah (One Flew over <strong>the</strong> Cuckoo’s Nest) 98-99<br />
Keter ba-rosh 112<br />
K<strong>in</strong>der fun shotn (Yalde ha-tsel) 124<br />
Kolot ba-lailah 110<br />
König Salomo und der Schuster 60-61<br />
Krig 94-95<br />
Ma‘gal ha-gir ha-Kavkazi (Der kaukasische Kreidekreis) 58-59<br />
Mami 72-73<br />
Mashiah ba! Mashiah ba! (Testarium) 35<br />
Medea 88-89<br />
Mede’ah (Medea) 88-89<br />
Mehakim le-Godo (En attendant Godot) 48-51<br />
Ha-mekhashefah 79<br />
Mikhtav ahavah (Carta de amor) 86<br />
Milhamah (Krig) 94-95<br />
Milkud 22 (Catch 22) 100-101<br />
Mitos (Oresteia) 42-43<br />
Moto shel sokhen (Death <strong>of</strong> a Salesman) 102<br />
Mutter Courage und ihre K<strong>in</strong>der 28-29<br />
Namer havarburot 52-53<br />
Oedipus Rex 36-37<br />
One Flew over <strong>the</strong> Cuckoo’s Nest 98-99<br />
Oresteia 42-43<br />
Peshutah 123<br />
Shavu‘a 82-83<br />
Shelomoh ha-melekh ve-Shalmai ha-sandlar<br />
(König Salomo und der Schuster) 60-61<br />
Shemo holekh le-fanav 78<br />
Ha-ta‘anah shel Don Kihoteh 104-105<br />
Tashmad 122<br />
Testarium 35<br />
Tevyeh der milkhiker 113<br />
Ts’erli Kats’erli 30-31<br />
Veronica’s Room 87<br />
Yalde ha-tsel 124<br />
Yulyus Kesar (Julius Caesar) 77<br />
Zugiyut: Ruti meshuga‘at 84-85<br />
132
I N V E N TO RY O F G É R A R D A L LO N P H OTO G R A P H S<br />
I N T H E H A RVA R D L I B R A RY<br />
For more <strong>in</strong>formation on each list<strong>in</strong>g, consult <strong>the</strong> entry <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Library’s HOLLIS or VIA onl<strong>in</strong>e catalogs.<br />
THEATER<br />
Ha-festival ha-Yisre’eli le-te’atron aher<br />
The Acre Festival <strong>of</strong> Alternative Israeli Theater<br />
2004 Acre Festival <strong>of</strong> Alternative Israeli Theater: outdoors<br />
(JPCDPIA111) (47 images)<br />
2004 Ha-derekh le-‘En Harod (JPCDPIA106) (206 images)<br />
2004 Kidmah (JPCDPIA107) (201 images)<br />
2004 Mah at hoshevet?: mivhan Mikhal Haiman mis. 3 (JPCDPIA109)<br />
(157 images)<br />
2004 Manu melekh Atlantis (JPCDPIA108) (196 images)<br />
2004 Yom be-hayenu (JPCDPIA110) (191 images)<br />
2005 Bavel (JPCDPIA224) (111 images)<br />
2005 Blond<strong>in</strong>it ad ke’ev (JPCDPIA223) (195 images)<br />
2005 Edipus: modelim (JPCDPIA226) (36 images)<br />
2005 Ha-impotentim (JPCDPIA218) (227 images)<br />
2005 Perumot (JPCDPIA222) (39 images)<br />
2005 Pisul ke-te’atron 2005 (JPCDPIA225) (33 images)<br />
2005 Setirah u-fetsa be-yam shel kerishim (JPCDPIA219) (148 images)<br />
2005 Shmeterl<strong>in</strong>g (JPCDPIA220) (48 images)<br />
2005 Ve-gar ze’ev im keves (JPCDPIA251) (226 images)<br />
2005 Ha-zirah (JPCDPIA221) (279 images)<br />
2007 Mar olam (JPCDPIAO72) (124 images)<br />
2007 Trankilah (JPCDPIAO69, JPCDPIAO70) (200, 15 images)<br />
2007 Yoshvim (JPCDPIAO71) (95 images)<br />
2007 Zeh kemo la-haros rak hafukh (JPCDPIAO68) (100 images)<br />
Festival Te’atroneto<br />
Teatroneto Festival<br />
2001 Anah, Hanah ve-Yohanah (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA72)<br />
(44 images)<br />
2001 Heshbonit ha-nefesh (JPCDPIA51) (79 images)<br />
2001 Imahot ba-kikar (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA73) (101 images)<br />
2004 Ani ve-hu: Ya’akov Kohen bohek Shaikeh Ofir (staged <strong>by</strong><br />
Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA42) (187 images)<br />
2004 Ha-besorah al-pi Yosi (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA43) (88 images)<br />
2004 Be-tsohore ha-yom (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA31) (105 images)<br />
2004 G’enis: Re’ayon im agadat rok (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA41)<br />
(238 images)<br />
133
2004 Oskar ve-dodah Rozah (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA15)<br />
(152 images)<br />
2004 Street (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA32) (6 images)<br />
2005 Ad efes makom (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA163) (177 images)<br />
2005 Ani relevanti aday<strong>in</strong>! (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA166)<br />
(136 images)<br />
2005 Aravim rokdim (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA165) (130 images)<br />
2005 Bo (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA164) (128 images)<br />
2005 Falos ha-kadosh (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA168) (146 images)<br />
2005 Gili (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA170) (77 images)<br />
2005 Giyur le-humrah (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA169) (155 images)<br />
2005 Hagar (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA161) (161 images)<br />
2005 Kevar lo yaldah shel af ehad (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA160)<br />
(146 images)<br />
2005 Mi heziz et ha-sherafraf sheli (JPCDPIA171) (160 images)<br />
2005 Ovdim zarim (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah and Sem<strong>in</strong>ar ha-kibutsim’s Bet<br />
ha-sefer le-omanuyot ha-bamah.) (JPCDPIA188) (178 images)<br />
2005 Pulsa ve-nura (staged <strong>by</strong> Gesher) (JPCDPIA189) (90 images)<br />
2005 Shirli Valenta<strong>in</strong> (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA162) (264 images)<br />
2005 Shovrim shetikah (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah and Sem<strong>in</strong>ar ha-kibutsim’s<br />
Bet ha-sefer le-omanuyot ha-bamah.) (JPCDPIA187) (183 images)<br />
2005 Te’atron meha-seratim (Yoram Lev<strong>in</strong>ste<strong>in</strong> Act<strong>in</strong>g Studio)<br />
(JPCDPIA167) (193 images)<br />
2006 Bertah ve-omanut ha-tahzukah (JPCDPIAO121) (186 images)<br />
2006 Bi-tevah yerikah (JPCDPIAO122) (185 images)<br />
2006 Ha-gerush<strong>in</strong> ha-nifla’im sheli (JPCDPIAO124) (89 images)<br />
2006 Gever ehad (JPCDPIAO120) (197 images)<br />
2006 Ha-geveret ha-rishonah shel ha-Raikh ha-shelishi (staged <strong>by</strong><br />
Te’atron Giv’atayim) (JPCDPIAO114) (195 images)<br />
2006 Iyov, haluk ha-nahal veha-pil (JPCDPIAO123) (194 images)<br />
2006 Open<strong>in</strong>g night <strong>of</strong> Teatroneto 2006 (staged <strong>by</strong> Suzanne Dellal<br />
Centre for Dance and Theatre) (JPCDPIAO129) (65 images)<br />
2006 Performances dur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> Teatroneto Festival staged <strong>by</strong> Sem<strong>in</strong>ar<br />
ha-Kibutsim’s Bet ha-sefer le-omanuyot ha-bamah<br />
(JPCDPIAO115) (182 images)<br />
2006 Tom: mevusas al shum davar (JPCDPIAO125) (139 images)<br />
2007 Bediduti ha-yekarah (staged <strong>by</strong> Bet Tsevi) (JPCDPIAO142)<br />
(182 images)<br />
2007 Be-khele Ako (JPCDPIAO92) (55 images)<br />
2007 Gernikah (JPCDPIAO93) (25 images)<br />
2007 Kakhah zeh karah (staged <strong>by</strong> Gesher) (JPCDPIAO94) (95 images)<br />
2007 Karu‘a (staged <strong>by</strong> ha-Merkaz le-te’atron shel Ako) (JPCDPIAO97)<br />
(102 images)<br />
2007 Me-‘avdut le-hishta‘bedut, eru‘a hatsot (staged <strong>by</strong> Sem<strong>in</strong>ar<br />
ha-kibutsim’s Bet ha-sefer le-omanuyot ha-bamah)<br />
(JPCDPIAO96) (145 images)<br />
2007 Mishehu nafal (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Han) (JPCDPIAO95) (51 images)<br />
2007 Ha-moreh le-mishak (JPCDPIAO147) (133 images)<br />
2007 Peshutah (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIAO17) (193 images)<br />
2007 Ha-rehov shelanu (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (Kevutsat ha-te’atron<br />
shel Gai Zu-Arets) (JPCDPIAO98) (112 images)<br />
2008 Al ta‘aseh li misken poh (JPCDPIAO101) (37 images)<br />
2008 Ashrai (JPCDPIAO102) (131 images)<br />
2008 Balon (JPCDPIAO103) (98 images)<br />
2008 Itruf (JPCDPIAO100) (147 images)<br />
2008 Lamah davka ani (JPCDPIAO105) (119 images)<br />
2008 O lo li-heyot (JPCDPIAO99) (91 images)<br />
2008 Oseh ha-nifla’ot (JPCDPIAO106) (101 images)<br />
2008 Yehudi zaken blond<strong>in</strong>it (JPCDPIAO104) (108 images)<br />
Ha-Bimah, ha-te’atron ha-le’umi<br />
Ha-Bimah National Theatre <strong>of</strong> Israel<br />
1975 Edi K<strong>in</strong>g (JPCDPIA207) (65 images)<br />
1975 Ima Kurag’ (JPCDPIA102) (109 images)<br />
1975 Ha-otsar (JPCDPIA103) (200 images)<br />
1975 Yosefah (JPCDPIA88) (210 images)<br />
1976 Ha-gag (JPCDPIA104) (185 images)<br />
1976 Ha-Bimah promo 1976 (JPCDPIA153) (37 images)<br />
1976 Israel’s president at Ima Kurag’ performance (JPCDPIA190)<br />
(99 images)<br />
1976 Oyev ha-‘am: stage poster (JPCDPIA154) (35 images)<br />
134
1976 Rits’ard ha-shelishi (JPCDPIA105) (210 images)<br />
1977 Edipus ha-melekh (JPCDPIA208) (200 images)<br />
1977 Nisu’e Figaro (JPCDPIAO136) (200 images)<br />
1977 Shemo holekh le-fanav (JPCDPIA191) (232 images)<br />
1981 Nisu’e Figaro (JPCDPIAO137, JPCDPIAO138) (200, 33 images)<br />
1982 Kahir, Febru’ar 78 (JPCDPIAO139) (152 images)<br />
1997 Akhzar mi-kol ha-melekh (JPCDPIA245) (250 images)<br />
1997 Al ha-hayim ve-‘al ha-mavet (JPCDPIA244) (279 images)<br />
1997 Dudu Elharar mesaper ve-shar (JPCDPIA248) (171 images)<br />
1997 Ha-heder shel Varonikah (JPCDPIA246) (245 images)<br />
1997 Milkud 22 (JPCDPIA215) (260 images)<br />
1997 Sipure Ha-Bimah (JPCDPIA10) (134 images)<br />
1998 Anah Vais (JPCDPIA49) (209 images)<br />
1998 Bustan Sefaradi: promo (JPCDPIA211) (169 images)<br />
1998 Ha-dibuk: ben shene olamot (JPCDPIA256) (32 images)<br />
1998 Karov yoter (JPCDPIA239) (200 images)<br />
1998 Mede’ah (JPCDPIA97) (226 images)<br />
1998 Purim 1998: street (JPCDPIA249) ( 138 images)<br />
1999 Ken ha-kukiyah (JPCDPIA86) (230 images)<br />
1999 Lo biglal ha-zikhronot (JPCDPIA243) (123 images)<br />
1999 Ma‘gal ha-gir ha-Kavkazi (JPCDPIA48) (208 images)<br />
1999 Mikhtav ahavah (JPCDPIA82) (216 images)<br />
2000 Kadish le-No‘omi (JPCDPIA237, JPCDPIA237A) (181, 221<br />
images)<br />
2000 Karish patish (JPCDPIA56) (142 images)<br />
2000 Mar’eh me‘al ha-gesher (JPCDPIA52) (202 images)<br />
2000 Mehilah (JPCDPIA214) (120 images)<br />
2000 Monologim meha-vag<strong>in</strong>ah (JPCDPIA68) (208 images)<br />
2000 Naser a-D<strong>in</strong> (JPCDPIA241) (218 images)<br />
2000 Neshikat eshet ha-akavish (JPCDPIA238) (284 images)<br />
2000 Pargodim (JPCDPIA65, JPCDPIA65A) (230, 100 images)<br />
2001 Shed katan (JPCDPIA54) (69 images)<br />
2001 Yomanah shel Anah Frank (JPCDPIA66) (201 images)<br />
2002 Akev Akhiles (JPCDPIA257) (200 images)<br />
2002 Ba-milhamah kemo ba-milhamah (JPCDPIA74) (201 images)<br />
2002 Mami (JPCDPIA60) (209 images)<br />
2002 Mehakim le-Godo (JPCDPIA45) (218 images)<br />
2002 Prizes 2002 (JPCDPIA209) (118 images)<br />
2002 Tamarah (JPCDPIA61) (194 images)<br />
2003 Alis be-erets ha-pela’ot (JPCDPIA80) (227 images)<br />
2003 Avanim ba-kisim (JPCDPIA95) (197 images)<br />
2003 The fossil (JPCDPIA78) (187 images)<br />
2003 Ha-hayim be-shalosh girsa’ot (JPCDPIA63) (259 images)<br />
2003 Kahol/tapuz (JPCDPIA79) (172 images)<br />
2003 Kefu’im (JPCDPIA44) (207 images)<br />
2003 Ha-komika’im (JPCDPIA92) (212 images)<br />
2003 Kufsah shehorah (JPCDPIA91) (222 images)<br />
2003 La-lekhet ad ha-s<strong>of</strong> (JPCDPIA90) (216 images)<br />
2003 Lev tov (JPCDPIA89) (216 images)<br />
2003 Madrikh la-metayel be-Varshah (JPCDPIA96) (217 images)<br />
2003 Ha-mekhashefah (JPCDPIA47) (204 images)<br />
2003 Meri Lu (JPCDPIA62) (249 images)<br />
2003 Milhemet ahim (JPCDPIA93) (229 images)<br />
2003 M<strong>in</strong>yan nashim (JPCDPIA46) (213 images)<br />
2003 Mishpahah (JPCDPIA50) (203 images)<br />
2003 Moto shel sokhen (JPCDPIA64) (212 images)<br />
2003 Ha-ne’ehavim veha-ne‘imim (JPCDPIA81, JPCDPIA81A)<br />
(286, 200 images)<br />
2003 Ohavim et Opal (JPCDPIA59) (203 images)<br />
2003 Tahtonim (JPCDPIA77) (161 images)<br />
2003 Tsurah le-ahavah (JPCDPIA57) (211 images)<br />
2003 Yulyus Kesar (JPCDPIA87) (222 images)<br />
2004 Anashim kashim (JPCDPIA85) (258 images)<br />
2004 Arton (JPCDPIA14) (267 images)<br />
2004 Ha-barvazon: ha-mahazemer (JPCDPIA4) (213 images)<br />
2004 Bigde ha-melekh (JPCDPIA100A) (160 images)<br />
2004 Hatul rehov (JPCDPIA83, JPCDPIA83A) (236, 100 images)<br />
2004 Hodesh ba-kefar (JPCDPIA133) (200 images)<br />
2004 Ken ha-kukiyah (JPCDPIA86) (230 images)<br />
2004 Keter ba-rosh (JPCDPIA101) (200 images)<br />
2004 Parparim hem h<strong>of</strong>shiyim (JPCDPIA75) (219 images)<br />
2004 Shavu‘a (JPCDPIA84) (208 images)<br />
2004 Shemoneh nashim (JPCDPIA136) (241 images)<br />
2004 Ha-sirpad shel ha-shakhen (JPCDPIA35) (184 images)<br />
135
2004 Ha-snob (JPCDPIA33) (165 images)<br />
2004 Tel Aviv ha-ketanah (JPCDPIA34) (205 images)<br />
2004 Zarim: atah kise, ani mayim (JPCDPIA76) (229 images)<br />
2004 Zugiyut: Ruti meshuga‘at (JPCDPIA3) (236 images)<br />
2005 Akhzar ve-rahum (JPCDPIA242) (196 images)<br />
2005 Bustan Sefaradi: Spectacle (JPCDPIA210) (172 images)<br />
2005 Ha-ez o mi zot Silviyah? (JPCDPIA194) (267 images)<br />
2005 Ha-keves ha-shishah asar (JPCDPIA247) (136 images)<br />
2005 Mevaker ha-med<strong>in</strong>ah 2005 (JPCDPIA193) (257 images)<br />
2005 Milhamah: mahazeh moderni (JPCDPIA195) (170 images)<br />
2005 Mo‘adon ha-almanot ha-alizot (JPCDPIA192) (277 images)<br />
2005 Ha-nesigah mi-Moskvah (JPCDPIA135) (280 images)<br />
2005 Pati Difuzyah (JPCDPIA212) (270 images)<br />
2005 Shelomoh ha-melekh ve-Shalmai ha-sandlar (JPCDPIA134)<br />
(200 images)<br />
2005 Tashmad (JPCDPIA132) (200 images)<br />
2005 Taxi (JPCDPIA213) (278 images)<br />
2005 Zeman emet (JPCDPIA198) (280 images)<br />
2006 Antigonah (JPCDPIAO22, JPCDPIAO134, JPCDPIAO135)<br />
(299, 200, 161 images)<br />
2006 Hatunah mushlemet (JPCDPIAO107, JPCDPIAO108)<br />
(200, 110 images)<br />
2006 Namer havarburot (JPCDPIA240) (244 images)<br />
2006 Nudnik (JPCDPIAO130, JPCDPIAO131) (200, 170 images)<br />
2006 Perurim (JPCDPIAO112, JPCDPIAO113) (200, 118 images)<br />
2006 Rekhush natush (JPCDPIAO127, JPCDPIAO128) (200, 153 images)<br />
2006 Romantikah (JPCDPIAO12, JPCDPIAO13) (253, 300 images)<br />
2006 Sonatat setav (JPCDPIAO132, JPCDPIAO133) (200, 192 images)<br />
2006 Teip (JPCDPIAO109, JPCDPIAO110) (200, 126 images)<br />
2006 Tekufat histaglut (JPCDPIAO116, JPCDPIAO117)<br />
(200, 196 images)<br />
2007 39 ha-madregot (JPCDPIAO1, JPCDPIAO2, JPCDPIAO3,<br />
JPCDPIAO4) (102, 258, 200, 59 images)<br />
2007 Anah Karen<strong>in</strong>ah (JPCDPIAO21) (284 images)<br />
2007 Hevron (JPCDPIAO9, JPCDPIAO10, JPCDPIAO11)<br />
(224, 200, 200 images)<br />
2007 Ha-moah ha-gavri (JPCDPIAO31) (21 images)<br />
2007 Ha-nehag shel mis Deizi (JPCDPIAO7, JPCDPIAO8)<br />
(264, 200 images)<br />
2007 Ogust (JPCDPIAO23) (267 images)<br />
2007 Sedakim ba-beton (JPCDPIAO38) (234 images)<br />
2007 Temunot me-haye nisuʼ<strong>in</strong> (JPCDPIAO14, JPCDPIAO15)<br />
(272, 200 images)<br />
2007 Ha-yeled (JPCDPIAO16) (252 images)<br />
2008 Ha-hagigah (JPCDPIAO28) (299 images)<br />
2008 Kol ha-hayim le-fanav (JPCDPIAO33) (218 images)<br />
2008 Ha-mahaloket (JPCDPIAO30) (249 images)<br />
2008 Shaʻah yafah le-yogah (JPCDPIAO25) (192 images)<br />
2008 Yosef u-khetonet ha-pasim ha-meshagaʻat (JPCDPIAO40)<br />
(289 images)<br />
2009 Begidah (JPCDPIAO24) (178 images)<br />
2009 Dibukim (JPCDPIAO26) (202 images)<br />
2009 El<strong>in</strong>g (JPCDPIAO27) (256 images)<br />
2009 Iyolf ha-katan (JPCDPIAO35) (260 images)<br />
2009 Ha-kumkum veha-matate (JPCDPIAO34) (176 images)<br />
2009 Meshugaʻat (JPCDPIAO36) (283 images)<br />
2009 Perurim (JPCDPIAO111) (200 images)<br />
2009 Sahkan mafteah (JPCDPIAO37) (50 images)<br />
2009 Tikots’<strong>in</strong> Bat-Yam (JPCDPIAO39) (290 images)<br />
2009 Ha-zug ha-muzar (JPCDPIAO32) (212 images)<br />
2010 Ha-hotenet (JPCDPIAO29) (270 images)<br />
Bimot<br />
Bimot Theatre<br />
1976 B<strong>in</strong>yam<strong>in</strong> III (JPCDPIA131) (106 images)<br />
Ha-Han<br />
Khan Theatre Jerusalem<br />
1977 Bi-demi yameha (JPCDPIA139) (97 images)<br />
1977 Fanshen (JPCDPIAO140, JPCDPIAO141) (200, 171 images)<br />
1978 Mashiah ba! Mashiah ba! (JPCDPIA140) (200 images)<br />
1978 Tefil<strong>in</strong> (JPCDPIA217) (71 images)<br />
1978 Ts’erli Kats’erli (JPCDPIA141) (286 images)<br />
2002 Don Perlimpl<strong>in</strong> (JPCDPIA69) (197 images)<br />
136
2003 Ha-ashlayah (JPCDPIA99) (214 images)<br />
2003 Begidah (JPCDPIA98) (214 images)<br />
2004 Ha-shahaf (JPCDPIA36) (112 images)<br />
2005 Iram shel ha-anashim ha-ketanim (JPCDPIA250) (145 images)<br />
2006 Ta’asi et atsmekh metah (JPCDPIAO126) (187 images)<br />
Ha-Kameri, ha-te’atron shel Tel-Aviv<br />
The Cameri Theatre <strong>of</strong> Tel Aviv<br />
1997 Lalo (JPCDPIA252) (186 images)<br />
2000 Devorah Baron (JPCDPIA8) (232 images)<br />
2000 Lizistratah (JPCDPIA58) (183 images)<br />
2001 Donyah Rositah (JPCDPIA2) (206 images)<br />
2002 Mitos (JPCDPIA67) (139 images)<br />
2004 Almah (JPCDPIA18) (212 images)<br />
2004 Haverot hakhi tovot (JPCDPIA38) (218 images)<br />
2004 Ma‘yan ha-g<strong>of</strong>rit (JPCDPIA16) (202 images)<br />
2004 Ha-mordim (JPCDPIA39) (51 images)<br />
2004 Norah (JPCDPIA37) (199 images)<br />
2004 Shidukhim (JPCDPIA17) (215 images)<br />
2007 Ba‘aluyot (JPCDPIAO67) (122 images)<br />
2007 Hayah o lo hayah (JPCDPIAO55, JPCDPIAO56) (200, 96 images)<br />
2008 Kanar al ha-gag (JPCDPIAO57, JPCDPIAO58) (200, 174 images)<br />
2008 Shemo holekh le-fanav (JPCDPIAO65, JPCDPIAO66)<br />
(200, 88 images)<br />
2009 Amade’us (JPCDPIAO49) (200 images)<br />
2009 Ay<strong>in</strong> 17 (JPCDPIAO61, JPCDPIAO62) (200, 67 images)<br />
2009 Kolot ba-lailah (JPCDPIAO63, JPCDPIAO64) (200, 18 images)<br />
2009 La-arets ha-muvtahat (JPCDPIAO59, JPCDPIAO60) (200, 81 images)<br />
2010 G’oni halakh (JPCDPIAO51, JPCDPIAO52) (200, 53 images)<br />
2010 Havdalah (JPCDPIAO53, JPCDPIAO54) (200, 98 images)<br />
Lahakat Mahol Inbal P<strong>in</strong>to<br />
Inbal P<strong>in</strong>to Dance Company<br />
2007 Seg’erah (JPCDPIAO51a) (251 images)<br />
Ha-Ma‘abadah<br />
The Lab<br />
2005 Shelomit (JPCDPIA137) (200 images)<br />
Te’atron ha-Nefesh<br />
Nephesh Theatre<br />
2007 Ish ha-peladah mi-shekhunat Katsenelson (JPCDPIAO148)<br />
(199 images)<br />
Te’atron Hertseliyah<br />
Herzliya Ensambel<br />
2007 Geshem shahor (JPCDPIAO5, JPCDPIAO6) (225, 300 images)<br />
2008 Ha-ta‘anah shel Don Kihoteh (JPCDPIAO43, JPCDPIAO44)<br />
(200, 77 images)<br />
2009 Amade’us (JPCDPIAO50) (66 images)<br />
2009 Ifigenyah be-Aulis (JPCDPIAO42) (80 images)<br />
2009 Iram shel ha-anashim ha-ketanim (JPCDPIAO47, JPCDPIAO48)<br />
(200, 79 images)<br />
2009 Yirmah (JPCDPIAO45, JPCDPIAO46) (200, 138 images)<br />
Te’atron Temuna<br />
Tmoona Theatre<br />
2006 Ha-derekh ha-baitah (JPCDPIAO118, JPCDPIAO119)<br />
(200, 8 images)<br />
2007 She‘ato ha-aharonah shel Kol (JPCDPIAO143, JPCDPIAO144)<br />
(200, 53 images)<br />
Mo‘adon Tsavta<br />
Tsavta Club<br />
1975 Becky Freishtat be-Tsavta (JPCDPIA185) (135 images)<br />
2007 Ha-ishah she-yakholti li-heyot (JPCDPIAO145, JPCDPIAO146)<br />
(200, 17 images)<br />
YidiShpil, te’atron ha-Yidish be-Yisra’el<br />
Yiddishpiel—The Yiddish Theater <strong>in</strong> Israel<br />
2003 Tevye der milkhiker (JPCDPIA94) (217 images)<br />
2004 Di eybike Dzshigan un Shumakher (JPCDPIA53) (203 images)<br />
137
2004 Di Pari shvesters (JPCDPIA40) (225 images)<br />
2005 Farvos lakht di kale? (JPCDPIA196) (300 images)<br />
2005 Di letste libe (JPCDPIA197) (64 images)<br />
2005 Der Vilner hazn (JPCDPIA138) (291 images)<br />
2005 A Yidishe mame <strong>in</strong> 10 lektsiyes (JPCDPIA254) (300 images)<br />
2005 A ziveg fun himl (JPCDPIA216) (228 images)<br />
2006 Di hiltserne shisel (JPCDPIAO88, JPCDPIAO89) (200, 75 images)<br />
2006 Di rayzes fun B<strong>in</strong>yom<strong>in</strong> der driter (JPCDPIAO84, JPCDPIAO85)<br />
(200, 60 images)<br />
2006 Yidishe gesheftn.com (JPCDPIAO79, JPCDPIAO80)<br />
(200, 66 images)<br />
2007 K<strong>in</strong>der fun shotn (JPCDPIAO18, JPCDPIAO19, JPCDPIAO20)<br />
(19, 222, 300 images)<br />
2007 Mazal tov Yidn (JPCDPIAO82, JPCDPIAO83) (200, 86 images)<br />
2007 Yoshke muzikant (JPCDPIAO90, JPCDPIAO91) (200, 139 images)<br />
2008 Dos groyse gev<strong>in</strong>s (JPCDPIAO74, JPCDPIAO75) (200, 91 images)<br />
2008 Der kunstenmakher fun Lubl<strong>in</strong> (JPCDPIAO76, JPCDPIAO77)<br />
(200, 90 images)<br />
2009 Hazonim un di Yidishe neshome (JPCDPIAO78) (187 images)<br />
2009 Tsvantsik biz hundert un tsvantsik (JPCDPIAO86, JPCDPIAO87)<br />
(200, 7 images)<br />
2010 Di klayne mentshelekh (JPCDPIAO73) (122 images)<br />
2010 Lanski (JPCDPIAO81) (173 images)<br />
MUSIC<br />
1975 Ha-Ahim veha-ahayot (JPCDPIA19) (32 images)<br />
1975 Arik Lavi (JPCDPIA30) (54 images)<br />
1975 Havah Albershta<strong>in</strong> (JPCDPIA21) (113 images)<br />
1975 Jimmy Lloyd (JPCDPIA122) (79 images)<br />
1975 Lahakat Pikud Darom (Lehakot Tsahal) (JPCDPIA27)<br />
(196 images)<br />
1975 No‘omi Shemer (JPCDPIA25) (30 images)<br />
1975 Ha-Parvarim (JPCDPIA28) (67 images)<br />
1975 Pen<strong>in</strong>ah Zaltsman (JPCDPIA124) (134 images)<br />
1975 Tamuz (JPCDPIA20) (120 images)<br />
1975 Tamuz: stage (JPCDPIA203) (37 images)<br />
1975 Yehoram Gaon (JPCDPIA29) (122 images)<br />
1976 Alona (JPCDPIA128) (56 images)<br />
1976 Aris San (JPCDPIA116) (62 images)<br />
1976 D<strong>in</strong>ah Golan (JPCDPIA228) (93 images)<br />
1976 Eli Mantver (JPCDPIA255) (35 images)<br />
1976 Festival ha-zemer ha-Hasidi 8: promo (JPCDPIA178)<br />
(169 images)<br />
1976 Festival ha-zemer ha-Hasidi 8: stage (JPCDPIA179) (263 images)<br />
1976 Hanan Yovel (JPCDPIA118) (76 images)<br />
1976 Ilanit (JPCDPIA115) (137 images)<br />
1976 Odessa (JPCDPIA149) (80 images)<br />
1976 Plat<strong>in</strong>a (JPCDPIA236) (104 images)<br />
1976 Ron Graner (JPCDPIA123) (21 images)<br />
1976 Rouhama & group (JPCDPIA146) (62 images)<br />
1976 Shem Tov Levi (JPCDPIA120) (83 images)<br />
1976 Shokolad Mentah Mastik (JPCDPIA121) (24 images)<br />
1976 Soul Messengers (JPCDPIA125) (164 images)<br />
1976 Tony F<strong>in</strong>e: Barbarim (JPCDPIA182) (53 images)<br />
1976 Uzi Fuks (JPCDPIA117) (36 images)<br />
1976 Yehoram Gaon: on <strong>the</strong> road (JPCDPIA201) (71 images)<br />
1977 Festival 1977 (JPCDPIA206) (83 images)<br />
1977 Festival ha-zemer ha-Hasidi 9: promo (JPCDPIA181)<br />
(181 images)<br />
1977 Festival ha-zemer ha-Hasidi 9: stage (JPCDPIA180) (267 images)<br />
1977 Joe Dass<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong> Israel (JPCDPIA144) (147 images)<br />
1977 Lahakat Ketseh ha-sadeh (JPCDPIA253) (54 images)<br />
1977 Lolita Fanza (JPCDPIA230) (147 images)<br />
1977 Miki Gavri’elov & Kor<strong>in</strong> Alal (JPCDPIA145) (103 images)<br />
1977 Nurit Galron (JPCDPIA143) (111 images)<br />
1977 Ofrah Hazah (JPCDPIA142) (68 images)<br />
1977 Ofrah Hazah: Park ha-Yarkon (JPCDPIA173) (95 images)<br />
1977 Ofrah Hazah u-Betsal’el Aloni: hatsagah (JPCDPIA172)<br />
(195 images)<br />
1977 Peace Festival 1977, Tel Aviv (JPCDPIA205) (247 images)<br />
1977 Richie Havens: Peace festival (JPCDPIA176) (143 images)<br />
1977 Richie Havens ve-Aibi Natan (JPCDPIA177) (35 images)<br />
1978 Arik E<strong>in</strong>ste<strong>in</strong>: TV studio (JPCDPIA199) (34 images)<br />
138
1978 Nurit Galron (JPCDPIA200) (68 images)<br />
1978 Yehoram Gaon: gold record (JPCDPIA202) (41 images)<br />
1979 Arik E<strong>in</strong>ste<strong>in</strong> and Shalom Hanokh (JPCDPIA119) (165 images)<br />
1979 Yehoram Gaon (JPCDPIA227) (272 images)<br />
1981 Arik E<strong>in</strong>ste<strong>in</strong>: on stage (JPCDPIA174) (106 images)<br />
PHOTOJOURNALISM<br />
Social Documentation<br />
1975 C<strong>of</strong>fee shops (JPCDPIA23) (105 images)<br />
1975 Court <strong>in</strong> Israel (JPCDPIA12) (57 images)<br />
1975 Jerusalem ramparts (JPCDPIA1) (167 images)<br />
1975 Kibuts Merom Golan (JPCDPIA7) (101 images)<br />
1975 Kurdish Jews (JPCDPIA11) (156 images)<br />
1975 Ha-rokemet (JPCDPIA6) (213 images)<br />
1975 Shomronim: Passover sacrifice (JPCDPIA70) (89 images)<br />
1975 S<strong>of</strong>er setam (JPCDPIA113) (59 images)<br />
1975 Wedd<strong>in</strong>g at Keshet (JPCDPIA130) (230 images)<br />
1975 Women at work (JPCDPIA114) (111 images)<br />
1975 Yamit (JPCDPIA24) (107 images)<br />
1976 Kurdish family (JPCDPIA232) (108 images)<br />
1976 Nashim mele’ot (JPCDPIA151) (33 images)<br />
1976 Organ builder (JPCDPIA150) (73 images)<br />
1976 Police women (JPCDPIA231) (95 images)<br />
1976 Studentiyot mevugarot (JPCDPIA112) (51 images)<br />
1976 Sukot 1976 Jerusalem (JPCDPIA152) (68 images)<br />
2005 Cemetery: Gush Katif (JPCDPIA233) (98 images)<br />
2005 Signs: Gush Katif (JPCDPIA235) (132 images)<br />
2005 Yom ha-Atsma’ut 2005: Gush Katif (JPCDPIA234) (296 images)<br />
Art and Enterta<strong>in</strong>ment<br />
1975 Becky Freishtat (JPCDPIA22) (202 images)<br />
1975 Eldad Lidor (JPCDPIA71) (22 images)<br />
1975 Ophelia (JPCDPIA183) (109 images)<br />
1975 Ornah Porat (JPCDPIA26) (110 images)<br />
1975 Phantom Kid (JPCDPIA9) (259 images)<br />
1976 Anat Atsmon (JPCDPIA129) (62 images)<br />
1976 Asher Bitansky: producer (JPCDPIA126) (90 images)<br />
1976 Raphi Sha’uli: Eilat open<strong>in</strong>g (JPCDPIA127) (150 images)<br />
1976 Raphi Sha’uli: Tel Aviv ha-ketanah open<strong>in</strong>g (JPCDPIA175)<br />
(232 images)<br />
1976 Ya’el Ofir (JPCDPIA229) (201 images)<br />
1976 Yom huledet (JPCDPIA159) (71 images)<br />
1976 Yossi Orbach (JPCDPIA156) (23 images)<br />
1976 Yossi Yzraely at work (JPCDPIA155) (70 images)<br />
1977 Aviv: dancer (JPCDPIA186) (136 images)<br />
1977 Bashir: artist (JPCDPIA204) (36 images)<br />
1977 Rafi Sha’uli’s club (JPCDPIA148) (195 images)<br />
1977 Tally Goldberg (JPCDPIA158) (300 images)<br />
1978 Rivkah Noiman (JPCDPIA147) (165 images)<br />
2002 Ze’ev Raban (JPCDPIA55) (66 images)<br />
OTHER FORMATS<br />
1982 Hagadah shel Pesah (Heb 4909.82.23) (Book)<br />
2002 A Hebrew symbolist (exhibition <strong>of</strong> Ze’ev Raban’s works <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Tel Aviv Museum <strong>of</strong> Art) (JDVD 114)(DVD)<br />
2003 Moto shel sokhen / Death <strong>of</strong> a Salesman (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah)<br />
(JDVD 115) (DVD)<br />
2004 Ha-Hagorah shel No‘omi / Naomi’s corset (JDVD 3931) (DVD)<br />
2007 Shevarim / Fragments 1990-2006 (JDVD 525) (DVD)<br />
139
I N D E X B Y T I T L E O F G É R A R D A L LO N T H E AT E R P H OTO G R A P H S<br />
I N T H E H A RVA R D L I B R A RY<br />
39 ha-madregot (JPCDPIAO1, JPCDPIAO2, JPCDPIAO3, JPCDPIAO4)<br />
(102, 258, 200, 59 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2007)<br />
Acco Festival <strong>of</strong> Alternative Israeli Theater: outdoors (JPCDPIA111)<br />
(47 images) (Ha-festival ha-Yisre’eli le-te’atron aher - 2004)<br />
Ad efes makom (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA163) (177 images)<br />
(Festival Te’atroneto - 2005)<br />
Akev Akhiles (JPCDPIA257) (200 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2002)<br />
Akhzar mi-kol ha-melekh (JPCDPIA245) (250 images) (Ha-Bimah - 1997)<br />
Akhzar ve-rahum (JPCDPIA242) (196 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2005)<br />
Al ha-hayim ve-‘al ha-mavet (JPCDPIA244) (279 images) (Ha-Bimah -<br />
1997)<br />
Al ta‘aseh li misken poh (JPCDPIAO101) (37 images) (Festival Te’atroneto<br />
- 2008)<br />
Alis be-erets ha-pela’ot (JPCDPIA80) (227 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2003)<br />
Almah (JPCDPIA18) (212 images) (Ha-Kameri - 2004)<br />
Amade’us (JPCDPIAO49) (200 images) (Ha-Kameri - 2009)<br />
Amade’us (JPCDPIAO50) (66 images) (Te’atron Hertseliyah - 2009)<br />
Anah, Hanah ve-Yohanah (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA72) (44 images)<br />
(Festival Te’atroneto - 2001)<br />
Anah Karen<strong>in</strong>ah (JPCDPIAO21) (284 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2007)<br />
Anah Vais (JPCDPIA49) (209 images) (Ha-Bimah - 1998)<br />
Anashim kashim (JPCDPIA85) (258 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2004)<br />
Ani relevanti aday<strong>in</strong>! (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA166) (136 images)<br />
(Festival Te’atroneto - 2005)<br />
Ani ve-hu: Ya’akov Kohen bohek Shaikeh Ofir (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah)<br />
(JPCDPIA42) (187 images) (Festival Te’atroneto - 2004)<br />
Antigonah (JPCDPIAO22, JPCDPIAO134, JPCDPIAO135) (299, 200, 161<br />
images) (Ha-Bimah - 2006)<br />
Aravim rokdim (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA165) (130 images)<br />
(Festival Te’atroneto - 2005)<br />
Arton (JPCDPIA14) (267 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2004)<br />
Ha-ashlayah (JPCDPIA99) (214 images) (Ha-Han - 2003)<br />
Ashrai (JPCDPIAO102) (131 images) (Festival Te’atroneto - 2008)<br />
Avanim ba-kisim (JPCDPIA95) (197 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2003)<br />
141
Ay<strong>in</strong> 17 (JPCDPIAO61, JPCDPIAO62) (200, 67 images)<br />
(Ha-Kameri - 2009)<br />
Ba‘aluyot (JPCDPIAO67) (122 images) (Ha-Kameri - 2007)<br />
Balon (JPCDPIAO103) (98 images) (Festival Te’atroneto - 2008)<br />
Ba-milhamah kemo ba-milhamah (JPCDPIA74) (201 images)<br />
(Ha-Bimah - 2002)<br />
Ha-barvazon: ha-mahazemer (JPCDPIA4) (213 images)<br />
(Ha-Bimah - 2004)<br />
Bavel (JPCDPIA224) (111 images) (Ha-festival ha-Yisre’eli le-te’atron<br />
aher - 2005)<br />
Becky Freishtat be-Tsavta (JPCDPIA185) (135 images) (Mo’adon<br />
Tsavta - 1975)<br />
Bediduti ha-yekarah (staged <strong>by</strong> Bet Tsevi) (JPCDPIAO142) (182 images)<br />
(Festival Te’atroneto - 2007)<br />
Begidah (JPCDPIA98) (214 images) (Ha-Han - 2003)<br />
Begidah (JPCDPIAO24) (178 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2009)<br />
Be-khele Ako (JPCDPIAO92) (55 images) (Festival Te’atroneto - 2007)<br />
Bertah ve-omanut ha-tahzukah (JPCDPIAO121) (186 images)<br />
(Festival Te’atroneto - 2006)<br />
Ha-besorah al-pi Yosi (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA43) (88 images)<br />
(Festival Te’atroneto - 2004)<br />
Be-tsohore ha-yom (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA31) (105 images)<br />
(Festival Te’atroneto - 2004)<br />
Bi-demi yameha (JPCDPIA139) (97 images) (Ha-Han - 1977)<br />
Bigde ha-melekh (JPCDPIA100A) (160 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2004)<br />
B<strong>in</strong>yam<strong>in</strong> III (JPCDPIA131) (106 images) (Bimot - 1976)<br />
Bi-tevah yerikah (JPCDPIAO122) (185 images) (Festival Te’atroneto - 2006)<br />
Blond<strong>in</strong>it ad ke’ev (JPCDPIA223) (195 images) (Ha-festival ha-Yisre’eli<br />
le-te’atron aher - 2005)<br />
Bo (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA164) (128 images) (Festival Te’atroneto<br />
- 2005)<br />
Bustan Sefaradi: promo (JPCDPIA211) (169 images) (Ha-Bimah - 1998)<br />
Bustan Sefaradi: Spectacle (JPCDPIA210) (172 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2005)<br />
Ha-derekh ha-baitah (JPCDPIAO118, JPCDPIAO119) (200, 8 images)<br />
(Te’atron Temuna - 2006)<br />
Ha-derekh le-‘En Harod (JPCDPIA106) (206 images) (Ha-festival<br />
ha-Yisre’eli le-te’atron aher - 2004)<br />
Devorah Baron (JPCDPIA8) (232 images) (Ha-Kameri - 2000)<br />
Ha-dibuk: ben shene olamot (JPCDPIA256) (32 images)<br />
(Ha-Bimah - 1998)<br />
Dibukim (JPCDPIAO26) (202 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2009)<br />
Don Perlimpl<strong>in</strong> (JPCDPIA69) (197 images) (Ha-Han - 2002)<br />
Donyah Rositah (JPCDPIA2) (206 images) (Ha-Kameri - 2001)<br />
Dudu Elharar mesaper ve-shar (JPCDPIA248) (171 images)<br />
(Ha-Bimah - 1997)<br />
Edi K<strong>in</strong>g (JPCDPIA207) (65 images) (Ha-Bimah - 1975)<br />
Edipus: modelim (JPCDPIA226) (36 images) (Ha-festival ha-Yisre’eli<br />
le-te’atron aher - 2005)<br />
Edipus ha-melekh (JPCDPIA208) (200 images) (Ha-Bimah - 1977)<br />
El<strong>in</strong>g (JPCDPIAO27) (256 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2009)<br />
Di eybike Dzshigan un Shumakher (JPCDPIA53) (203 images)<br />
(YidiShpil - 2004)<br />
Ha-ez o mi zot Silviyah? (JPCDPIA194) (267 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2005)<br />
Falos ha-kadosh (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA168) (146 images)<br />
(Festival Te’atroneto - 2005)<br />
Fanshen (JPCDPIAO140, JPCDPIAO141) (200, 171 images)<br />
(Ha-Han - 1977)<br />
142
Farvos lakht di kale? (JPCDPIA196) (300 images) (YidiShpil - 2005)<br />
The fossil (JPCDPIA78) (187 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2003)<br />
Ha-gag (JPCDPIA104) (185 images) (Ha-Bimah - 1976)<br />
G’enis: Re’ayon im agadat rok (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA41) (238<br />
images) (Festival Te’atroneto - 2004)<br />
Gernikah (JPCDPIAO93) (25 images) (Festival Te’atroneto - 2007)<br />
Ha-gerush<strong>in</strong> ha-nifla’im sheli (JPCDPIAO124) (89 images) (Festival<br />
Te’atroneto - 2006)<br />
Geshem shahor (JPCDPIAO5, JPCDPIAO6) (225, 300 images)<br />
(Te’atron Hertseliyah - 2007)<br />
Gever ehad (JPCDPIAO120) (197 images) (Festival Te’atroneto - 2006)<br />
Ha-geveret ha-rishonah shel ha-Raikh ha-shelishi (staged <strong>by</strong> Te’atron<br />
Giv’atayim) (JPCDPIAO114) (195 images) (Festival Te’atroneto - 2006)<br />
Gili (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA170) (77 images) (Festival Te’atroneto<br />
- 2005)<br />
Giyur le-humrah (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA169) (155 images)<br />
(Festival Te’atroneto - 2005)<br />
G’oni halakh (JPCDPIAO51, JPCDPIAO52) (200, 53 images)<br />
(Ha-Kameri - 2010)<br />
Dos groyse gev<strong>in</strong>s (JPCDPIAO74, JPCDPIAO75) (200, 91 images)<br />
(YidiShpil - 2008)<br />
Ha-Bimah promo 1976 (JPCDPIA153) (37 images) (Ha-Bimah - 1976)<br />
Hagar (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA161) (161 images) (Festival<br />
Te’atroneto - 2005)<br />
Ha-hagigah (JPCDPIAO28) (299 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2008)<br />
Hatul rehov (JPCDPIA83, JPCDPIA83A) (236, 100 images)<br />
(Ha-Bimah - 2004)<br />
Hatunah mushlemet (JPCDPIAO107, JPCDPIAO108) (200, 110 images)<br />
(Ha-Bimah - 2006)<br />
Havdalah (JPCDPIAO53, JPCDPIAO54) (200, 98 images) (Ha-Kameri - 2010)<br />
Haverot hakhi tovot (JPCDPIA38) (218 images) (Ha-Kameri - 2004)<br />
Hayah o lo hayah (JPCDPIAO55, JPCDPIAO56) (200, 96 images)<br />
(Ha-Kameri - 2007)<br />
Ha-hayim be-shalosh girsa’ot (JPCDPIA63) (259 images)<br />
(Ha-Bimah - 2003)<br />
Hazonim un di Yidishe neshome (JPCDPIAO78) (187 images)<br />
(YidiShpil - 2009)<br />
Ha-heder shel Varonikah (JPCDPIA246) (245 images) (Ha-Bimah - 1997)<br />
Heshbonit ha-nefesh (JPCDPIA51) (79 images) (Festival Te’atroneto - 2001)<br />
Hevron (JPCDPIAO9, JPCDPIAO10, JPCDPIAO11) (224, 200, 200 images)<br />
(Ha-Bimah - 2007)<br />
Di hiltserne shisel (JPCDPIAO88, JPCDPIAO89) (200, 75 images)<br />
(YidiShpil - 2006)<br />
Hodesh ba-kefar (JPCDPIA133) (200 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2004)<br />
Ha-hotenet (JPCDPIAO29) (270 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2010)<br />
Ifigenyah be-Aulis (JPCDPIAO41) (200 images) (Te’atron Hertseliyah - 2009)<br />
Ifigenyah be-Aulis (JPCDPIAO42) (80 images) (Te’atron Hertseliyah - 2009)<br />
Ima Kurag’ (JPCDPIA102) (109 images) (Ha-Bimah - 1975)<br />
Imahot ba-kikar (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA73) (101 images)<br />
(Festival Te’atroneto - 2001)<br />
Ha-impotentim (JPCDPIA218) (227 images) (Ha-festival ha-Yisre’eli<br />
le-te’atron aher - 2005)<br />
Iram shel ha-anashim ha-ketanim (JPCDPIA250) (145 images)<br />
(Ha-Han - 2005)<br />
Iram shel ha-anashim ha-ketanim (JPCDPIAO47, JPCDPIAO48)<br />
(200, 79 images) (Te’atron Hertseliyah - 2009)<br />
143
Ish ha-peladah mi-shekhunat Katsenelson (JPCDPIAO148) (199 images)<br />
(Te’atron ha-Nefesh - 2007)<br />
Ha-ishah she-yakholti li-heyot (JPCDPIAO145, JPCDPIAO146)<br />
(200, 17 images) (Mo’adon Tsavta - 2007)<br />
Israel’s president at Ima Kurag’ performance (JPCDPIA190) (99 images)<br />
(Ha-Bimah - 1976)<br />
Itruf (JPCDPIAO100) (147 images) (Festival Te’atroneto - 2008)<br />
Iyolf ha-katan (JPCDPIAO35) (260 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2009)<br />
Iyov, haluk ha-nahal veha-pil (JPCDPIAO123) (194 images)<br />
(Festival Te’atroneto - 2006)<br />
Kadish le-No‘omi (JPCDPIA237, JPCDPIA237A) (181, 221 images)<br />
(Ha-Bimah - 2000)<br />
Kahir, Febru’ar 78 (JPCDPIAO139) (152 images) (Ha-Bimah - 1982)<br />
Kahol/tapuz (JPCDPIA79) (172 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2003)<br />
Kakhah zeh karah (staged <strong>by</strong> Gesher) (JPCDPIAO94) (95 images)<br />
(Festival Te’atroneto - 2007)<br />
Kanar al ha-gag (JPCDPIAO57, JPCDPIAO58) (200, 174 images)<br />
(Ha-Kameri - 2008)<br />
Karish patish (JPCDPIA56) (142 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2000)<br />
Karov yoter (JPCDPIA239) (200 images) (Ha-Bimah - 1998)<br />
Karu‘a (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-merkaz le-te’atron shel Ako) (JPCDPIAO97)<br />
(102 images) (Festival Te’atroneto - 2007)<br />
Kefu’im (JPCDPIA44) (207 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2003)<br />
Ken ha-kukiyah (JPCDPIA86) (230 images) (Ha-Bimah - 1999)<br />
Ken ha-kukiyah (JPCDPIA86) (230 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2004)<br />
Keter ba-rosh (JPCDPIA101) (200 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2004)<br />
Kevar lo yaldah shel af ehad (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA160)<br />
(146 images) (Festival Te’atroneto - 2005)<br />
Ha-keves ha-shishah asar (JPCDPIA247) (136 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2005)<br />
Kidmah (JPCDPIA107) (201 images) (Ha-festival ha-Yisre’eli le-te’atron<br />
aher - 2004)<br />
K<strong>in</strong>der fun shotn (JPCDPIAO18, JPCDPIAO19, JPCDPIAO20) (19, 222,<br />
300 images) (YidiShpil - 2007)<br />
Di klayne mentshelekh (JPCDPIAO73) (122 images) (YidiShpil - 2010)<br />
Kol ha-hayim le-fanav (JPCDPIAO33) (218 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2008)<br />
Kolot ba-lailah (JPCDPIAO63, JPCDPIAO64) (200, 18 images)<br />
(Ha-Kameri - 2009)<br />
Ha-komika’im (JPCDPIA92) (212 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2003)<br />
Kufsah shehorah (JPCDPIA91) (222 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2003)<br />
Ha-kumkum veha-metate (JPCDPIAO34) (176 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2009)<br />
Der kunstenmakher fun Lubl<strong>in</strong> (JPCDPIAO76, JPCDPIAO77) (200, 90<br />
images) (YidiShpil - 2008)<br />
La-arets ha-muvtahat (JPCDPIAO59, JPCDPIAO60) (200, 81 images)<br />
(Ha-Kameri - 2009)<br />
La-lekhet ad ha-s<strong>of</strong> (JPCDPIA90) (216 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2003)<br />
Lalo (JPCDPIA252) (186 images) (Ha-Kameri - 1997)<br />
Lamah davka ani (JPCDPIAO105) (119 images) (Festival Te’atroneto - 2008)<br />
Lanski (JPCDPIAO81) (173 images) (YidiShpil - 2010)<br />
Di letste libe (JPCDPIA197) (64 images) (YidiShpil - 2005)<br />
Lev tov (JPCDPIA89) (216 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2003)<br />
Lizistratah (JPCDPIA58) (183 images) (Ha-Kameri - 2000)<br />
Lo biglal ha-zikhronot (JPCDPIA243) (123 images) (Ha-Bimah - 1999)<br />
Madrikh la-metayel be-Varshah (JPCDPIA96) (217 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2003)<br />
Ma‘gal ha-gir ha-Kavkazi (JPCDPIA48) (208 images) (Ha-Bimah - 1999)<br />
144
Mah at hoshevet?: mivhan Mikhal Haiman mis. 3 (JPCDPIA109)<br />
(157 images) (Ha-festival ha-Yisre’eli le-te’atron aher - 2004)<br />
Ha-mahaloket (JPCDPIAO30) (249 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2008)<br />
Mami (JPCDPIA60) (209 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2002)<br />
Manu melekh Atlantis (JPCDPIA108) (196 images) (Ha-festival ha-Yisre’eli<br />
le-te’atron aher - 2004)<br />
Mar olam (JPCDPIAO72) (124 images) (Ha-festival ha-Yisre’eli le-te’atron<br />
aher - 2007)<br />
Mar’eh me‘al ha-gesher (JPCDPIA52) (202 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2000)<br />
Mashiah ba! Mashiah ba! (JPCDPIA140) (200 images) (Ha-Han - 1978)<br />
Ma‘yan ha-g<strong>of</strong>rit (JPCDPIA16) (202 images) (Ha-Kameri - 2004)<br />
Mazal tov Yidn (JPCDPIAO82, JPCDPIAO83) (200, 86 images)<br />
(YidiShpil - 2007)<br />
Me-‘avdut le-hishta‘bedut, eru‘a hatsot (staged <strong>by</strong> Sem<strong>in</strong>ar ha-kibutsim’s<br />
Bet ha-sefer le-omanuyot ha-bamah) (JPCDPIAO96) (145 images)<br />
(Festival Te’atroneto - 2007)<br />
Mede’ah (JPCDPIA97) (226 images) (Ha-Bimah - 1998)<br />
Mehakim le-Godo (JPCDPIA45) (218 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2002)<br />
Mehilah (JPCDPIA214) (120 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2000)<br />
Ha-mekhashefah (JPCDPIA47) (204 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2003)<br />
Meri Lu (JPCDPIA62) (249 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2003)<br />
Meshuga‘at (JPCDPIAO36) (283 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2009)<br />
Mevaker ha-med<strong>in</strong>ah 2005 (JPCDPIA193) (257 images)<br />
(Ha-Bimah - 2005)<br />
Mi heziz et ha-sherafraf sheli (JPCDPIA171) (160 images)<br />
(Festival Te’atroneto - 2005)<br />
Mikhtav ahavah (JPCDPIA82) (216 images) (Ha-Bimah - 1999)<br />
Milhamah: mahazeh moderni (JPCDPIA195) (170 images)<br />
(Ha-Bimah - 2005)<br />
Milhemet ahim (JPCDPIA93) (229 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2003)<br />
Milkud 22 (JPCDPIA215) (260 images) (Ha-Bimah - 1997)<br />
M<strong>in</strong>yan nashim (JPCDPIA46) (213 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2003)<br />
Mishehu nafal (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Han ha-Yerushalmi) (JPCDPIAO95)<br />
(51 images) (Festival Te’atroneto - 2007)<br />
Mishpahah (JPCDPIA50) (203 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2003)<br />
Mitos (Itim Ensembel) (JPCDPIA67) (139 images) (Ha-Kameri - 2002)<br />
Mo‘adon ha-almanot ha-alizot (JPCDPIA192) (277 images)<br />
(Ha-Bimah - 2005)<br />
Ha-moah ha-gavri (JPCDPIAO31) (21 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2007)<br />
Monologim meha-vag<strong>in</strong>ah (JPCDPIA68) (208 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2000)<br />
Ha-mordim (JPCDPIA39) (51 images) (Ha-Kameri - 2004)<br />
Ha-moreh le-mishak (JPCDPIAO147) (133 images) (Festival Te’atroneto -<br />
2007)<br />
Moto shel sokhen (JPCDPIA64) (212 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2003)<br />
Namer havarburot (JPCDPIA240) (244 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2006)<br />
Naser a-D<strong>in</strong> (JPCDPIA241) (218 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2000)<br />
Ha-ne’ehavim veha-ne‘imim (JPCDPIA81, JPCDPIA81A) (286, 200<br />
images) (Ha-Bimah - 2003)<br />
Ha-nehag shel mis Deizi (JPCDPIAO7, JPCDPIAO8) (264, 200 images)<br />
(Ha-Bimah - 2007)<br />
Neshikat eshet ha-akavish (JPCDPIA238) (284 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2000)<br />
Ha-nesigah mi-Moskvah (JPCDPIA135) (280 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2005)<br />
Nisu’e Figaro (JPCDPIAO136) (200 images) (Ha-Bimah - 1977)<br />
Nisu’e Figaro (JPCDPIAO137, JPCDPIAO138) (200, 33 images)<br />
(Ha-Bimah - 1981)<br />
145
Norah (JPCDPIA37) (199 images) (Ha-Kameri - 2004)<br />
Nudnik (JPCDPIAO130, JPCDPIAO131) (200, 170 images)<br />
(Ha-Bimah - 2006)<br />
O lo li-heyot (JPCDPIAO99) (91 images) (Festival Te’atroneto - 2008)<br />
Ogust (JPCDPIAO23) (267 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2007)<br />
Ohavim et Opal (JPCDPIA59) (203 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2003)<br />
Open<strong>in</strong>g night <strong>of</strong> Teatroneto 2006 (staged <strong>by</strong> Suzanne Dellal Centre<br />
for Dance and Theatre) (JPCDPIAO129) (65 images) (Festival<br />
Te’atroneto - 2006)<br />
Oseh ha-nifla’ot (JPCDPIAO106) (101 images) (Festival Te’atroneto -<br />
2008)<br />
Oskar ve-dodah Rozah (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA15) (152 images)<br />
(Festival Te’atroneto - 2004)<br />
Ha-otsar (JPCDPIA103) (200 images) (Ha-Bimah - 1975)<br />
Ovdim zarim (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah and Sem<strong>in</strong>ar ha-kibutsim’s Bet ha-sefer<br />
le-omanuyot ha-bamah.) (JPCDPIA188) (178 images) (Festival<br />
Te’atroneto - 2005)<br />
Oyev ha-‘am: stage poster (JPCDPIA154) (35 images) (Ha-Bimah - 1976)<br />
Pargodim (JPCDPIA65, JPCDPIA65A) (230, 100 images) (Ha-Bimah -<br />
2000)<br />
Di Pari shvesters (JPCDPIA40) (225 images) (YidiShpil - 2004)<br />
Parparim hem h<strong>of</strong>shiyim (JPCDPIA75) (219 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2004)<br />
Pati Difuzyah (JPCDPIA212) (270 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2005)<br />
Performances dur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> Teatroneto Festival staged <strong>by</strong> Sem<strong>in</strong>ar ha-<br />
Kibutsim’s Bet ha-sefer le-omanuyot ha-bamah (JPCDPIAO115)<br />
(182 images) (Festival Te’atroneto - 2006)<br />
Perumot (JPCDPIA222) (39 images) (Ha-festival ha-Yisre’eli le-te’atron<br />
aher - 2005)<br />
Perurim (JPCDPIAO111) (200 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2009)<br />
Perurim (JPCDPIAO112, JPCDPIAO113) (200, 118 images)<br />
(Ha-Bimah - 2006)<br />
Peshutah (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIAO17) (193 images) (Festival<br />
Te’atroneto - 2007)<br />
Pisul ke-te’atron 2005 (JPCDPIA225) (33 images) (Ha-festival ha-Yisre’eli<br />
le-te’atron aher - 2005)<br />
Prizes 2002 (JPCDPIA209) (118 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2002)<br />
Pulsa ve-nura (staged <strong>by</strong> Gesher) (JPCDPIA189) (90 images) (Festival<br />
Te’atroneto - 2005)<br />
Purim 1998: street (JPCDPIA249) ( 138 images) (Ha-Bimah - 1998)<br />
Di rayzes fun B<strong>in</strong>yom<strong>in</strong> der driter (JPCDPIAO84, JPCDPIAO85)<br />
(200, 60 images) (YidiShpil - 2006)<br />
Ha-rehov shelanu (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (Kevutsat ha-te’atron shel Gai<br />
Zu-Arets) (JPCDPIAO98) (112 images) (Festival Te’atroneto - 2007)<br />
Rekhush natush (JPCDPIAO127, JPCDPIAO128) (200, 153 images)<br />
(Ha-Bimah - 2006)<br />
Rits’ard ha-shelishi (JPCDPIA105) (210 images) (Ha-Bimah - 1976)<br />
Romantikah (JPCDPIAO12, JPCDPIAO13) (253, 300 images)<br />
(Ha-Bimah - 2006)<br />
Sahkan mafteah (JPCDPIAO37) (50 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2009)<br />
Sedakim ba-beton (JPCDPIAO38) (234 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2007)<br />
Seg’erah (JPCDPIAO51a) (251 images) (Lahakat Mahol Inbal P<strong>in</strong>to - 2007)<br />
Setirah u-fetsa be-yam shel kerishim (JPCDPIA219) (148 images)<br />
(Ha-festival ha-Yisre’eli le-te’atron aher - 2005)<br />
Sha‘ah yafah le-yogah (JPCDPIAO25) (192 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2008)<br />
Ha-shahaf (JPCDPIA36) (112 images) (Ha-Han - 2004)<br />
146
Shavu‘a (JPCDPIA84) (208 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2004)<br />
She‘ato ha-aharonah shel Kol (JPCDPIAO143, JPCDPIAO144)<br />
(200, 53 images) (Te’atron Temuna - 2007)<br />
Shed katan (JPCDPIA54) (69 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2001)<br />
Shelomit (JPCDPIA137) (200 images) (Ha-Ma‘abadah - 2005)<br />
Shelomoh ha-melekh ve-Shalmai ha-sandlar (JPCDPIA134) (200 images)<br />
(Ha-Bimah - 2005)<br />
Shemo holekh le-fanav (JPCDPIA191) (232 images) (Ha-Bimah - 1977)<br />
Shemo holekh le-fanav (JPCDPIAO65, JPCDPIAO66) (200, 88 images)<br />
(Ha-Kameri - 2008)<br />
Shemoneh nashim (JPCDPIA136) (241 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2004)<br />
Shidukhim (JPCDPIA17) (215 images) (Ha-Kameri - 2004)<br />
Shirli Valenta<strong>in</strong> (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA162) (264 images)<br />
(Festival Te’atroneto - 2005)<br />
Shmeterl<strong>in</strong>g (JPCDPIA220) (48 images) (Ha-festival ha-Yisre’eli le-te’atron<br />
aher - 2005)<br />
Shovrim shetikah (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah and Sem<strong>in</strong>ar ha-kibutsim’s Bet<br />
ha-sefer le-omanuyot ha-bamah.) (JPCDPIA187) (183 images) (Festival<br />
Te’atroneto - 2005)<br />
Sipure Ha-Bimah (JPCDPIA10) (134 images) (Ha-Bimah - 1997)<br />
Ha-sirpad shel ha-shakhen (JPCDPIA35) (184 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2004)<br />
Ha-snob (JPCDPIA33) (165 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2004)<br />
Sonatat setav (JPCDPIAO132, JPCDPIAO133) (200, 192 images)<br />
(Ha-Bimah - 2006)<br />
Street (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA32) (6 images) (Festival Te’atroneto<br />
- 2004)<br />
Ha-ta‘anah shel Don Kihoteh (JPCDPIAO43, JPCDPIAO44)<br />
(200, 77 images) (Te’atron Hertseliyah - 2008)<br />
Ta‘asi et atsmekh metah (JPCDPIAO126) (187 images) (Ha-Han - 2006)<br />
Tahtonim (JPCDPIA77) (161 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2003)<br />
Tamarah (JPCDPIA61) (194 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2002)<br />
Tashmad (JPCDPIA132) (200 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2005)<br />
Taxi (JPCDPIA213) (278 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2005)<br />
Te’atron meha-seratim (Yoram Lev<strong>in</strong>ste<strong>in</strong> Act<strong>in</strong>g Studio) (JPCDPIA167)<br />
(193 images) (Festival Te’atroneto - 2005)<br />
Tefil<strong>in</strong> (JPCDPIA217) (71 images) (Ha-Han - 1978)<br />
Teip (JPCDPIAO109, JPCDPIAO110) (200, 126 images)<br />
(Ha-Bimah - 2006)<br />
Tekufat histaglut (JPCDPIAO116, JPCDPIAO117) (200, 196 images)<br />
(Ha-Bimah - 2006)<br />
Tel Aviv ha-ketanah (JPCDPIA34) (205 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2004)<br />
Temunot me-haye nisu’<strong>in</strong> (JPCDPIAO14, JPCDPIAO15) (272, 200 images)<br />
(Ha-Bimah - 2007)<br />
Tevye der milkhiker (JPCDPIA94) (217 images) (YidiShpil - 2003)<br />
Tikots’<strong>in</strong> Bat-Yam (JPCDPIAO39) (290 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2009)<br />
Tom: mevusas al shum davar (JPCDPIAO125) (139 images) (Festival<br />
Te’atroneto - 2006)<br />
Trankilah (JPCDPIAO69, JPCDPIAO70) (200, 15 images) (Ha-festival<br />
ha-Yisre’eli le-te’atron aher - 2007)<br />
Ts’erli Kats‘erli (JPCDPIA141) (286 images) (Ha-Han - 1978)<br />
Tsurah le-ahavah (JPCDPIA57) (211 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2003)<br />
Tsvantsik biz hundert un tsvantsik (JPCDPIAO86, JPCDPIAO87)<br />
(200, 7 images) (YidiShpil - 2009)<br />
Ve-gar ze’ev im keves (JPCDPIA251) (226 images) (Ha-festival ha-Yisre’eli<br />
le-te’atron aher - 2005)<br />
Der Vilner hazn (JPCDPIA138) (291 images) (YidiShpil - 2005)<br />
147
Yehudi zaken blond<strong>in</strong>it (JPCDPIAO104) (108 images) (Festival Te’atroneto<br />
- 2008)<br />
Ha-yeled (JPCDPIAO16) (252 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2007)<br />
Yidishe gesheftn.com (JPCDPIAO79, JPCDPIAO80) (200, 66 images)<br />
(YidiShpil - 2006)<br />
A Yidishe mame <strong>in</strong> 10 lektsiyes (JPCDPIA254) (300 images)<br />
(YidiShpil - 2005)<br />
Yirmah (JPCDPIAO45, JPCDPIAO46) (200, 138 images) (Te’atron<br />
Hertseliyah - 2009)<br />
Yom be-hayenu (JPCDPIA110) (191 images) (Ha-festival ha-Yisre’eli<br />
le-te’atron aher - 2004)<br />
Yomanah shel Anah Frank (JPCDPIA66) (201 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2001)<br />
Yosef u-khetonet ha-pasim ha-meshaga‘at (JPCDPIAO40) (289 images)<br />
(Ha-Bimah - 2008)<br />
Yosefah (JPCDPIA88) (210 images) (Ha-Bimah - 1975)<br />
Yoshke muzikant (JPCDPIAO90, JPCDPIAO91) (200, 139 images)<br />
(YidiShpil - 2007)<br />
Yoshvim (JPCDPIAO71) (95 images) (Ha-festival ha-Yisre’eli le-te’atron<br />
aher - 2007)<br />
Yulyus Kesar (JPCDPIA87) (222 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2003)<br />
Zarim: atah kise, ani mayim (JPCDPIA76) (229 images)<br />
(Ha-Bimah - 2004)<br />
Zeh kemo la-haros rak hafukh (JPCDPIAO68) (100 images)<br />
(Ha-festival ha-Yisre’eli le-te’atron aher - 2007)<br />
Zeman emet (JPCDPIA198) (280 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2005)<br />
Ha-zirah (JPCDPIA221) (279 images) (Ha-festival ha-Yisre’eli le-te’atron<br />
aher - 2005)<br />
A ziveg fun himl (JPCDPIA216) (228 images) (YidiShpil - 2005)<br />
Ha-zug ha-muzar (JPCDPIAO32) (212 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2009)<br />
Zugiyut: Ruti meshuga‘at (JPCDPIA3) (236 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2004)<br />
148