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Catalog of a Collection of Photographs by Gérard Allon in the Judaica Collection of the Harvard library

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G É R A R D A L L O N<br />

<strong>Catalog</strong> <strong>of</strong> a <strong>Collection</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Photographs</strong> <strong>by</strong> Gérard <strong>Allon</strong><br />

<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Judaica</strong> <strong>Collection</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Harvard</strong> Library<br />

Introduction<br />

Gérard <strong>Allon</strong>:<br />

Immigrant, Pioneer, Visionary, Mystic<br />

<strong>by</strong><br />

Nissan N. Perez<br />

Israel Museum<br />

Jerusalem, Israel<br />

Dispute over Photonic Representations<br />

<strong>by</strong><br />

Gérard <strong>Allon</strong><br />

Tel Aviv, Israel<br />

<strong>Harvard</strong> Library<br />

Cambridge, Massachusetts<br />

2012


A publication <strong>of</strong> The Sherman H. Starr <strong>Judaica</strong> Library Publication Fund.<br />

Images <strong>by</strong> Gérard <strong>Allon</strong> © Gérard <strong>Allon</strong><br />

Figure 4 © <strong>by</strong> Israfilm Ltd.<br />

Figure 5 © NMC United<br />

<strong>Catalog</strong> © President and Fellows <strong>of</strong> <strong>Harvard</strong> College


TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S<br />

FOREWORD<br />

CHARLES BERLIN AND VIOLET RADNOFSKY 1<br />

INTRODUCTION<br />

GÉRARD ALLON: IMMIGRANT, PIONEER, VISIONARY, MYSTIC<br />

NISSAN N. PEREZ 3<br />

PHOTOGRAPHS BY GÉRARD ALLON 27<br />

LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS 129<br />

INDEX BY TITLE OF PHOTOGRAPHS 131<br />

PERSONAL STATEMENT<br />

DISPUTE OVER PHOTONIC REPRESENTATIONS<br />

GÉRARD ALLON 19<br />

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 26<br />

INVENTORY OF GÉRARD ALLON PHOTOGRAPHS<br />

IN THE HARVARD LIBRARY 133<br />

INDEX BY TITLE OF GÉRARD ALLON THEATER PHOTOGRAPHS<br />

IN THE HARVARD LIBRARY 141


F O R E WO R D<br />

As part <strong>of</strong> its program <strong>of</strong> document<strong>in</strong>g Jewish life and culture<br />

throughout history, <strong>the</strong> <strong>Judaica</strong> Division has, over <strong>the</strong> last<br />

decade, engaged <strong>in</strong> an <strong>in</strong>tensive effort to develop an archive <strong>of</strong><br />

visual resources that document Jewish history and culture, with special<br />

emphasis on <strong>the</strong> State <strong>of</strong> Israel. The result <strong>of</strong> this effort to date is<br />

an archive <strong>of</strong> some 3.6 million digital images, freely accessible through<br />

<strong>the</strong> Internet (via <strong>Harvard</strong> Library’s onl<strong>in</strong>e Visual Information Access<br />

<strong>Catalog</strong>, via.lib.harvard.edu).<br />

The goals <strong>of</strong> this effort are: to provide a critical mass <strong>of</strong> visual primary<br />

source material to complement <strong>the</strong> Library’s extensive collection <strong>of</strong><br />

pr<strong>in</strong>t and audiovisual <strong>Judaica</strong>; to enhance <strong>the</strong> <strong>Judaica</strong> <strong>Collection</strong> as an<br />

<strong>in</strong>terdiscipl<strong>in</strong>ary research resource, and to encourage and facilitate<br />

scholarship that transcends traditional formats; to give access to an<br />

array <strong>of</strong> primary source materials that are not readily accessible to<br />

scholars, if at all; and to preserve for present and future scholars primary<br />

source materials that o<strong>the</strong>rwise might eventually be lost.<br />

The Israel component <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Judaica</strong> visual resources onl<strong>in</strong>e archive<br />

already has a wide range <strong>of</strong> photographs (digital copies or “born digital”<br />

images): historical photographs from <strong>the</strong> Central Zionist Archives and<br />

<strong>the</strong> Jewish National Fund archive; photographs document<strong>in</strong>g people,<br />

places and events <strong>in</strong> Israel <strong>by</strong> Ya‘akov Agor, Yitshak Amit, David Haris,<br />

Boaz Lanir, Reuven Milon, and Eldad Rafaeli; photographs <strong>of</strong> life<br />

<strong>in</strong> kibbutzim <strong>in</strong> Galiliee (K<strong>in</strong>eret, Kefar Giladi, Masadah, Ha-Zorea,<br />

G<strong>in</strong>osar, En Gev), <strong>by</strong> Naftali Oppenheim, Yigal Ashuah, Peter Merom,<br />

Azaria Alon and o<strong>the</strong>rs; photographs document<strong>in</strong>g Israeli culture<br />

(especially <strong>the</strong>atrical performances), <strong>by</strong> Ya‘akov Agor, Gérard <strong>Allon</strong>,<br />

Gadi Dagon, Israel Haramaty, Eyal Landesman and Yossi Zwecker; and<br />

photographs document<strong>in</strong>g Israeli material culture <strong>by</strong> Israel Haramaty<br />

and o<strong>the</strong>rs.<br />

The 3.4 million digital images <strong>of</strong> photographs are complemented <strong>by</strong><br />

some 200,000 images <strong>of</strong> Israeli posters and ephemera deal<strong>in</strong>g with all<br />

aspects <strong>of</strong> Israeli life and culture <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong>ater, dance, music, art,<br />

politics <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g national and municipal elections, religious and social<br />

life, and commercial advertisements. The collection also <strong>in</strong>cludes<br />

digital images <strong>of</strong> Israeli art materials (Ben Uri Museum, Studio Malka<br />

Haas, and <strong>the</strong> Lionel Reiss <strong>Collection</strong>) and architectural plans (Ben<br />

Uri Museum and Lipa Yahalom – Dan Tzur <strong>Collection</strong>). In addition to<br />

<strong>the</strong> Israel-related images, <strong>the</strong> collection also <strong>in</strong>cludes images <strong>of</strong> <strong>Judaica</strong><br />

materials deal<strong>in</strong>g with Jewish life elsewhere, most notably posters,<br />

ephemera, and historical photographs.<br />

1


It is our hope that, as resources permit, we will be able to issue catalogs<br />

<strong>of</strong> some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se materials <strong>in</strong> order to better acqua<strong>in</strong>t <strong>the</strong> scholarly community<br />

with <strong>the</strong> Library’s onl<strong>in</strong>e <strong>Judaica</strong> resources. Our first such publication<br />

is this catalog <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> work <strong>of</strong> Gérard <strong>Allon</strong>, one <strong>of</strong> Israel’s lead<strong>in</strong>g<br />

photographers. The catalog focuses on <strong>Allon</strong>’s works document<strong>in</strong>g Israeli<br />

<strong>the</strong>atrical performances, <strong>the</strong> largest component <strong>of</strong> <strong>Harvard</strong>’s Gérard<br />

<strong>Allon</strong> collection. We are very pleased that <strong>the</strong> catalog is <strong>in</strong>troduced <strong>by</strong><br />

Nissan N. Perez <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Israel Museum, followed <strong>by</strong> a personal statement<br />

<strong>by</strong> <strong>the</strong> artist himself. The Library’s Gérard <strong>Allon</strong> collection has some<br />

73,000 digital images <strong>of</strong> <strong>Allon</strong>’s work, as well as a large sampl<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> his<br />

work <strong>in</strong> pr<strong>in</strong>ts and contact sheets prepared <strong>by</strong> <strong>the</strong> artist himself.<br />

That <strong>Harvard</strong> has been able to develop its onl<strong>in</strong>e collection <strong>of</strong> Israeli<br />

photographs is due to <strong>the</strong> sympa<strong>the</strong>tic understand<strong>in</strong>g and magnificent<br />

cooperation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> various photographers and archives who permitted<br />

us to make digital copies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir photo archives (<strong>of</strong> negatives/<br />

pr<strong>in</strong>ts or <strong>of</strong> orig<strong>in</strong>al digital photographs), and who provided <strong>the</strong> accompany<strong>in</strong>g<br />

documentation. The onl<strong>in</strong>e archive <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se images is a<br />

tribute to <strong>the</strong>ir great talent and highlights <strong>the</strong>ir vital contribution to<br />

<strong>the</strong> record<strong>in</strong>g and preservation <strong>of</strong> Israeli culture. We are truly grateful<br />

to all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m. We are equally grateful to those <strong>in</strong>dividuals who have<br />

over <strong>the</strong> years provided <strong>the</strong> Library’s <strong>Judaica</strong> Division with endowed<br />

<strong>Judaica</strong> Book Funds, <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>come from which supports all aspects <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> <strong>Judaica</strong> <strong>Collection</strong>, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> development <strong>of</strong> <strong>Judaica</strong> onl<strong>in</strong>e<br />

visual resources.<br />

It is a pleasure to express our gratitude to those who have made <strong>the</strong><br />

publication <strong>of</strong> this catalog possible: first and foremost, Gérard <strong>Allon</strong>,<br />

whose gracious cooperation and generosity <strong>of</strong> spirit over <strong>the</strong> years<br />

has enabled us to develop this virtually complete archive <strong>of</strong> his works;<br />

Nissan N. Perez, who provided <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>troduction to this catalog; Sherman<br />

H. Starr, Class <strong>of</strong> 1946, who provided <strong>the</strong> <strong>Judaica</strong> Division with<br />

<strong>the</strong> Sherman H. Starr <strong>Judaica</strong> Library Publication Fund, <strong>in</strong>come from<br />

which funds this catalog; Dr. Shmuel Levenvirth and <strong>the</strong> staff <strong>of</strong> Dantec<br />

Ltd., <strong>the</strong> Israeli high-tech company that has worked with <strong>the</strong> <strong>Judaica</strong><br />

Division for many years <strong>in</strong> digitiz<strong>in</strong>g and putt<strong>in</strong>g Israeli<br />

photographs onl<strong>in</strong>e; Daniel J. McCarron, Director, Educational<br />

Graphics Group, WordTech/Flagship Press, for his work on <strong>the</strong> pr<strong>in</strong>t<strong>in</strong>g<br />

<strong>of</strong> this catalog; Kenneth E. Carpenter, for his edit<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>troductory<br />

essays; Charles S. F<strong>in</strong>eman, for his translation from <strong>the</strong><br />

French orig<strong>in</strong>al <strong>of</strong> Gérard <strong>Allon</strong>’s personal statement; Vardit Samuels,<br />

Library Assistant <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Judaica</strong> Division, for her assistance <strong>in</strong> edit<strong>in</strong>g<br />

and text preparation; Hadassa Schwartz, Littauer Hebraica <strong>Catalog</strong>er<br />

<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Judaica</strong> Division, for her assistance <strong>in</strong> revis<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong><br />

catalog<strong>in</strong>g data for <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>ventory; and Elizabeth Vernon, Lee M. Friedman<br />

<strong>Judaica</strong> Technical Services Librarian <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Judaica</strong> Division, for<br />

compil<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>ventory <strong>of</strong> Gérard <strong>Allon</strong>’s photographs <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Judaica</strong><br />

<strong>Collection</strong> and for assist<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> all stages <strong>of</strong> this project.<br />

CHARLES BERLIN<br />

Lee M. Friedman Bibliographer <strong>in</strong> <strong>Judaica</strong><br />

Head, <strong>Judaica</strong> Division<br />

VIOLET RADNOFSKY<br />

Littauer Hebraica Technical and Research Services Librarian, <strong>Judaica</strong> Division<br />

HARVARD LIBRARY<br />

CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS<br />

21 MARCH 2012<br />

2


I N T RO D U C T I O N<br />

Gérard <strong>Allon</strong>: Immigrant, Pioneer, Visionary, Mystic<br />

N I S S A N N. P E R E Z<br />

Gérard <strong>Allon</strong> is without doubt one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most prom<strong>in</strong>ent figures<br />

<strong>in</strong> contemporary Israeli photography. Already an accomplished<br />

photographer when he arrived from France <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

1970s, he has <strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>gly made his presence felt. He was and still is<br />

one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> central figures <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> development <strong>of</strong> camera art, and<br />

through a most natural and organic process he has led it to current<br />

parity with <strong>the</strong> highest <strong>in</strong>ternational standards. He has applied photography<br />

<strong>in</strong> such areas as video, c<strong>in</strong>ema, and holography, where his<br />

constant search<strong>in</strong>g and experimentation have <strong>of</strong>ten spearheaded developments.<br />

To understand <strong>Allon</strong>’s role, it is necessary to look first at<br />

<strong>the</strong> general state <strong>of</strong> photography <strong>in</strong> Israeli society.<br />

Photography <strong>in</strong> Israeli Society<br />

Life <strong>in</strong> Israel is marked <strong>by</strong> a great number <strong>of</strong> factors, some historic,<br />

o<strong>the</strong>rs surfac<strong>in</strong>g as a result <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> complex national, social, economic,<br />

and geopolitical situation. From <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>delible memory <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Holocaust<br />

to <strong>the</strong> day-to-day concerns <strong>of</strong> political, social, and security issues<br />

(personal and national), <strong>the</strong> reality <strong>of</strong> contemporary Israel creates<br />

a haunt<strong>in</strong>g and challeng<strong>in</strong>g environment <strong>in</strong> which liv<strong>in</strong>g (surviv<strong>in</strong>g?)<br />

has become an ever-present challenge. To create art can at times seem<br />

to be a gratuitous and futile act.<br />

How <strong>the</strong>n do artists (also as citizens) come to terms with this distress<strong>in</strong>g<br />

reality that encompasses undiscern<strong>in</strong>g violence, <strong>in</strong>security, social discrim<strong>in</strong>ation,<br />

political <strong>in</strong>stability, and o<strong>the</strong>r illnesses common to most<br />

contemporary societies? Their cumulative work proposes a wide choice<br />

<strong>of</strong> alternatives, from first-hand active <strong>in</strong>volvement <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> life <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

country, to a total and conscious escapism. The well-def<strong>in</strong>ed and ref<strong>in</strong>ed<br />

personal approaches as well as <strong>the</strong> diversity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dist<strong>in</strong>ctive strategies<br />

and po<strong>in</strong>ts <strong>of</strong> view, reveal a partial, yet up-to-date image <strong>of</strong> contemporary<br />

Israeli photography and video art, and consequently <strong>of</strong> life <strong>in</strong> Israel.<br />

The output <strong>of</strong> Israeli artists is charged with a wide range <strong>of</strong> implications<br />

as to <strong>the</strong> complexity <strong>of</strong> life <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> country. Israeli art reflects deep preoccupations<br />

and is laden with energies, beliefs, tensions, hopes and prayers,<br />

sorrows and joys, trust and suspicion, through which <strong>the</strong> ghosts from <strong>the</strong><br />

past and <strong>the</strong> present can only be felt partially.<br />

3


What characterizes contemporary Israeli art, and especially photography<br />

and video, is that today’s artists try to <strong>in</strong>crease public awareness<br />

<strong>of</strong> each and every aspect <strong>of</strong> life <strong>in</strong> Israel. By <strong>in</strong>cit<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> viewer to reconsider<br />

op<strong>in</strong>ions and attitudes, <strong>the</strong>y try to fur<strong>the</strong>r action towards creat<strong>in</strong>g<br />

a better and more just society. Given <strong>the</strong> actual situation, this<br />

sounds utopian, but a fragment <strong>of</strong> optimism is absolutely necessary,<br />

and artists are fulfill<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong>ir duty <strong>by</strong> po<strong>in</strong>t<strong>in</strong>g out wrongs and <strong>in</strong>justices,<br />

while also still leav<strong>in</strong>g open <strong>the</strong> possibility <strong>of</strong> a better future. For<br />

most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se artists <strong>the</strong>ir works bear witness to <strong>the</strong>ir <strong>in</strong>volvement <strong>in</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> life <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> country and to <strong>the</strong>ir commitment to improve both <strong>the</strong><br />

reality and <strong>the</strong> image <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir homeland. In an environment where past<br />

and present, <strong>the</strong> personal and <strong>the</strong> political are <strong>in</strong>separable, Israeli<br />

artists are endowed with <strong>the</strong> unique gift <strong>of</strong> transform<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> art <strong>of</strong> liv<strong>in</strong>g<br />

<strong>in</strong>to liv<strong>in</strong>g art. Their contribution is not only to photography or <strong>the</strong><br />

arts, but to <strong>the</strong> build<strong>in</strong>g and function<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> Israeli culture <strong>in</strong> general.<br />

Because <strong>of</strong> both physical and cultural distance, contemporary Israeli<br />

photography and video rema<strong>in</strong> to some extent peripheral on <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>ternational<br />

scene. Even when <strong>the</strong>y are featured <strong>in</strong> high pr<strong>of</strong>ile venues<br />

such as <strong>the</strong> Venice Biennial, <strong>the</strong>y are still <strong>in</strong> a state <strong>of</strong> constant dialogue,<br />

frequently <strong>in</strong> tension, and at times <strong>in</strong> conflict with universal trends. In<br />

<strong>the</strong>ir attempt to become part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ma<strong>in</strong>stream and <strong>in</strong> step with contemporary<br />

<strong>in</strong>ternational trends, <strong>the</strong>y very <strong>of</strong>ten create a most fasc<strong>in</strong>at<strong>in</strong>g<br />

syn<strong>the</strong>sis <strong>of</strong> cosmopolitan values and <strong>of</strong> local cultural, social,<br />

and political contexts.<br />

In Israeli society, which is undergo<strong>in</strong>g deep change and frequent crises,<br />

<strong>the</strong> arts express <strong>the</strong> nation’s identity crises: <strong>the</strong> ethnic/religious, <strong>the</strong><br />

ideological, <strong>the</strong> national. In addition, Israelis are torn between myths<br />

and remembrance, with each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se spheres <strong>in</strong>habited <strong>by</strong> its own<br />

ghosts. As Israeli society matures, religious and national myths are<br />

be<strong>in</strong>g reconsidered <strong>in</strong> a modern perspective, lead<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong> break<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong><br />

many traditional taboos. This <strong>in</strong> itself implies an <strong>of</strong>ten pa<strong>in</strong>ful discont<strong>in</strong>uity<br />

with past identities. Moreover, both nationally and <strong>in</strong>dividually,<br />

Israel is burdened <strong>by</strong> <strong>the</strong> weight <strong>of</strong> memory: <strong>the</strong> Diaspora,<br />

<strong>the</strong> Holocaust. The myth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> survivor, <strong>the</strong> many wars endured, and<br />

<strong>the</strong> stagger<strong>in</strong>g number <strong>of</strong> casualties Israel has mourned, are still not<br />

distant enough for objective consideration. In view <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se heavy historic<br />

burdens, many artists feel obliged to take a k<strong>in</strong>d <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>ventory <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> irreparable <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir work, but <strong>the</strong> traces <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se social, political,<br />

cultural, and economic factors are not always easily discernible. While<br />

some artists tackle <strong>the</strong>se subjects directly, o<strong>the</strong>rs embed <strong>the</strong>m <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

work through tangential implication, and yet o<strong>the</strong>rs, totally ignor<strong>in</strong>g<br />

<strong>the</strong>m, seek refuge <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> personal and <strong>the</strong> imag<strong>in</strong>ative.<br />

The issues <strong>of</strong> memory and identity at various levels are ever present<br />

<strong>in</strong> Israeli photography and video, even more so than elsewhere <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

world, given <strong>the</strong> country’s relatively short history and its brief duration<br />

<strong>of</strong> cultural formation. Myths and historic and religious facts and<br />

legends reside alongside <strong>the</strong> political reality. The new generation challenges<br />

and reassesses <strong>the</strong>se traditional notions, slaughter<strong>in</strong>g many<br />

“sacred cows” <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> process. Powerful aes<strong>the</strong>tic statements are made<br />

<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> quest for artistic self-determ<strong>in</strong>ation. In many <strong>in</strong>stances <strong>the</strong><br />

viewer’s task is to discover not only <strong>the</strong> nature <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> subject depicted,<br />

but its significance too. From this po<strong>in</strong>t on, everyone can build his<br />

own story draw<strong>in</strong>g on <strong>the</strong> connotations drawn from <strong>the</strong> f<strong>in</strong>al image.<br />

Israeli art, <strong>the</strong>n, should be exam<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong> relation to specific and current<br />

geopolitical, social, and cultural conditions as well as through<br />

<strong>the</strong> perspective <strong>of</strong> borders and <strong>the</strong> battle for territory, <strong>of</strong> war and terrorism,<br />

conquest and occupation. These factors are <strong>in</strong>herent <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

arts <strong>in</strong> Israel.<br />

4


After over a hundred years <strong>of</strong> tumultuous existence <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Near East,<br />

and sixty years <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>dependence as a state, <strong>the</strong> multifaceted Israeli society<br />

is still <strong>in</strong> conflict with itself, its identity, and its self-image, and this<br />

condition necessarily deeply marks <strong>the</strong> local artistic creation. While<br />

navigat<strong>in</strong>g between <strong>the</strong> acute memory <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Holocaust and <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>tricate<br />

contemporary issues <strong>of</strong> security, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> unbearable liv<strong>in</strong>g<br />

conditions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> population <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> territories and <strong>the</strong> separation wall<br />

that is be<strong>in</strong>g built, artists seem to draw an <strong>in</strong>ventory <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> irreparable.<br />

For contemporary Israeli artists, issues <strong>of</strong> human rights, racism, and<br />

humanism are extremely concrete, even more so than for artists <strong>in</strong><br />

Western countries for whom <strong>the</strong>se issues tend to be more <strong>the</strong>oretical,<br />

more <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> realm <strong>of</strong> “romanticism.” In <strong>the</strong> harsh reality <strong>of</strong> today’s Israel—with<br />

<strong>the</strong> fear <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> future, <strong>the</strong> falter<strong>in</strong>g peace process, <strong>the</strong> entire<br />

population <strong>in</strong> constant friction with <strong>the</strong> Palest<strong>in</strong>ian nation, <strong>the</strong> threat<br />

<strong>of</strong> terrorism that is an <strong>in</strong>tegral part <strong>of</strong> daily life—<strong>the</strong>re is little room for<br />

romanticism. The periodic wars, obligatory military service for much<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> population, and <strong>the</strong> constant threat to <strong>the</strong> existence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> nation,<br />

leave little latitude for <strong>the</strong>ory and philosophy. These burn<strong>in</strong>g issues<br />

that preoccupy every citizen are even more vital to <strong>the</strong> artist.<br />

Despite <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>evitable traces <strong>of</strong> this situation <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> artists’ work, <strong>in</strong><br />

many <strong>in</strong>stances a first read<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir work does not reveal <strong>the</strong>se concerns.<br />

Each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se artists expresses his or her vision <strong>in</strong> a different—<br />

overt or subdued—form. While some may tackle <strong>the</strong>se issues <strong>in</strong> a<br />

straightforward fashion, many o<strong>the</strong>rs consciously avoid <strong>the</strong>m and f<strong>in</strong>d<br />

refuge <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir imag<strong>in</strong>ation and <strong>in</strong>ner world.<br />

The multitude <strong>of</strong> tendencies and <strong>the</strong> unsettled pluralism are a symptom<br />

<strong>of</strong> Israel’s undef<strong>in</strong>ed local culture. From its very beg<strong>in</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g, Israel<br />

has been essentially an immigrant society where a plethora <strong>of</strong> cultural<br />

and artistic streams have converged from all over <strong>the</strong> world. This<br />

environment did not favor <strong>the</strong> formation <strong>of</strong> a well-def<strong>in</strong>ed artistic tradition.<br />

Although today’s Israel has ceased to be a country <strong>of</strong> immigration<br />

<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> traditional sense, it is still a melt<strong>in</strong>g pot. Never<strong>the</strong>less, it<br />

now has also developed a strong and relatively well-established local<br />

culture and artistic tradition that is robust enough to absorb and overpower<br />

sporadic <strong>in</strong>fluences brought <strong>by</strong> immigration, with only some<br />

mild side effects. Today, Israel still devotes major time, thought, and<br />

energy to explor<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> question <strong>of</strong> national identity through symposia<br />

and philosophical discussions. There is no clear-cut answer as<br />

to what constitutes Israeli national identity; and although over half a<br />

century has passed, one still def<strong>in</strong>es it through a process <strong>of</strong> elim<strong>in</strong>ation,<br />

that is, <strong>by</strong> enumerat<strong>in</strong>g what Israeli identity is not.<br />

Each language is a unique means <strong>of</strong> experienc<strong>in</strong>g and express<strong>in</strong>g consciousness,<br />

and each is culture-specific. It <strong>of</strong>ten happens that <strong>in</strong> order<br />

to convey a specific idea or message, a comb<strong>in</strong>ation <strong>of</strong> different languages<br />

seems to be <strong>the</strong> most effective way. As a result <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> geopolitical<br />

situation, and <strong>of</strong> be<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> melt<strong>in</strong>g pot <strong>of</strong> a large variety <strong>of</strong><br />

cultures, Israel has <strong>in</strong>vented a certa<strong>in</strong> number <strong>of</strong> colloquial Hebrew<br />

expressions such as korach hametziut necessity <strong>of</strong> reality or e<strong>in</strong> brera no<br />

alternative, and many slogans such as am bematsor a nation under siege<br />

or am besakanat hakhada a nation <strong>in</strong> danger <strong>of</strong> exterm<strong>in</strong>ation, which<br />

have become synonyms for Israelism and express <strong>the</strong> state <strong>of</strong> emergency<br />

and urgency that prevails <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> country. Today’s Hebrew also<br />

clearly mirrors <strong>the</strong> younger generation’s search for identity, a new identity<br />

that, hav<strong>in</strong>g broken with <strong>the</strong> ethos <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> heroic past <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pioneers,<br />

is torn between two worlds. On one hand is <strong>the</strong> presence <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Near East, to which <strong>the</strong> locally born generation feels it belongs, and<br />

on <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r hand is <strong>the</strong> everlast<strong>in</strong>g desire to belong to <strong>the</strong> West. For<br />

example, one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most popular expressions used <strong>by</strong> <strong>the</strong> younger<br />

5


generation—yalla <strong>by</strong>e (OK, good-<strong>by</strong>e)—is a comb<strong>in</strong>ation <strong>of</strong> Arabic<br />

and English <strong>in</strong> total disregard <strong>of</strong> Hebrew. This slang is symptomatic <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> mood and attitude <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> new generation. As a result, contemporary<br />

Israeli artists are still engaged <strong>in</strong> deal<strong>in</strong>g with myths and cop<strong>in</strong>g<br />

with memory-break<strong>in</strong>g norms and consensus, pav<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> road to <strong>the</strong><br />

future which is our today, our here and now. The refra<strong>in</strong> from <strong>the</strong> recent<br />

rock hit “We Are a Screwed Generation” is just ano<strong>the</strong>r <strong>in</strong>dication<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> state <strong>of</strong> m<strong>in</strong>d <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> younger generation <strong>of</strong> local artists.<br />

In contrast to Western countries, Israeli artists actively engage <strong>in</strong> political<br />

debate as an antidote to <strong>in</strong>difference and resignation. Their creations<br />

sometimes <strong>in</strong>clude only subtle subversive messages, yet <strong>of</strong>ten<br />

<strong>the</strong> artists employ a rhetoric <strong>of</strong> shock. While relentlessly scrut<strong>in</strong>iz<strong>in</strong>g<br />

life <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> country, Israeli art, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g photography and video, holds<br />

up a cruel mirror to <strong>the</strong> country and <strong>the</strong> society. The question<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong><br />

national values comes as a rem<strong>in</strong>der and a reproach to <strong>the</strong> average citizen’s<br />

stereotyped views. This accounts for one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dist<strong>in</strong>guish<strong>in</strong>g<br />

traits <strong>of</strong> artistic creation <strong>in</strong> Israel: at a moment when <strong>in</strong> many Western<br />

countries ma<strong>in</strong>stream artistic creation is strongly <strong>in</strong>fluenced <strong>by</strong> political<br />

correctness, Israeli artists, critics, and most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> artistic establishment<br />

consider it <strong>the</strong>ir prime duty to be militant, or downright<br />

“politically <strong>in</strong>correct.” In a country where state emergency regulations<br />

are regularly extended without question and military censorship still<br />

applies, this almost seems like an act <strong>of</strong> heroism.<br />

The lens-based arts <strong>in</strong> Israel have developed <strong>in</strong>dependently <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

ma<strong>in</strong>stream arts, and <strong>the</strong>y have been viewed <strong>in</strong> Israel, as elsewhere, to<br />

some extent as <strong>the</strong> enfants terribles <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> arts. However, photography<br />

and video have almost reached <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir crusade for recognition.<br />

Warmly embraced <strong>by</strong> all, artists and critics alike, <strong>the</strong>y have a new position<br />

as <strong>in</strong>fluential modes <strong>of</strong> expression, whose ramifications are felt<br />

<strong>in</strong> all creative fields. Not only have photography and video <strong>in</strong> Israel<br />

produced a considerable number <strong>of</strong> artists us<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> media to <strong>the</strong><br />

fullest, a new generation <strong>of</strong> educated and sophisticated consumers read<br />

and understand <strong>the</strong>m <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> most contemporary manner.<br />

More than all o<strong>the</strong>r art forms, photography and video essentially aim<br />

to create mental images that affect <strong>the</strong> viewer. The multifaceted works<br />

<strong>of</strong> contemporary Israeli artists touch on a large variety <strong>of</strong> issues, but<br />

<strong>the</strong>ir most dom<strong>in</strong>ant and important faculty is <strong>the</strong> lucid and <strong>in</strong>cisive<br />

look <strong>the</strong>y direct toward our land and life. In exam<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> chang<strong>in</strong>g<br />

and scarred landscape and society, <strong>the</strong>y confront us with a most caustic<br />

critique <strong>of</strong> our values and social environment. They <strong>of</strong>fer a constant<br />

reevaluation <strong>of</strong> our collective knowledge and <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

understand<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> our nation and our culture <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> face <strong>of</strong> common<br />

misconceptions and preconceived ideas. They are a most courageous<br />

attempt to foster <strong>the</strong> heightened consciousness that can enable us to atta<strong>in</strong><br />

a viable future.<br />

Gérard <strong>Allon</strong>: The Artist<br />

The transformation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> camera arts <strong>in</strong> Israel began <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> summer<br />

<strong>of</strong> 1975 with a juried exhibition <strong>in</strong> Tel Aviv entitled Through <strong>the</strong> Lens<br />

<strong>of</strong> Immigrant Photographers. Held under <strong>the</strong> auspices <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> M<strong>in</strong>istry<br />

<strong>of</strong> Education and Culture, <strong>the</strong> exhibition <strong>in</strong>cluded six artists selected<br />

<strong>by</strong> a jury: one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m, <strong>the</strong> <strong>the</strong>n-unknown Gérard <strong>Allon</strong>. To <strong>in</strong>clude<br />

him was an act <strong>of</strong> almost prophetic clairvoyance, s<strong>in</strong>ce both as an artist<br />

and a photographer, <strong>Allon</strong> was dest<strong>in</strong>ed to play a most important role<br />

<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> renewal <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> art <strong>in</strong> Israel, above all <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> field <strong>of</strong> commercial<br />

and fashion photography. Toge<strong>the</strong>r with a handful <strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r young photographers<br />

active at <strong>the</strong> time (among <strong>the</strong>m <strong>the</strong> immigrants Yosaif Coha<strong>in</strong><br />

and Neil Folberg, and Israelis educated abroad, such as Hanan<br />

6


Lask<strong>in</strong>, Avi Ganor, and Micha Kirshner), <strong>Allon</strong> was <strong>in</strong>strumental <strong>in</strong><br />

br<strong>in</strong>g<strong>in</strong>g much-needed foreign <strong>in</strong>fluences <strong>in</strong>to <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>sular bubble <strong>of</strong><br />

local photography. He belongs to <strong>the</strong> younger generation <strong>of</strong> camera<br />

artists who have established new standards and have brought Israeli<br />

photography to <strong>the</strong> highest <strong>in</strong>ternational standards.<br />

Gérard <strong>Allon</strong>—orig<strong>in</strong>ally Alloun—was born <strong>in</strong> Casablanca, Morocco,<br />

<strong>in</strong> 1949. His great-grandfa<strong>the</strong>r, on a trip from Jerusalem, had<br />

married a rabbi’s daughter <strong>in</strong> Morocco and settled down <strong>the</strong>re.<br />

<strong>Allon</strong>’s fa<strong>the</strong>r, a self-taught eng<strong>in</strong>eer specializ<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> concrete, had<br />

studied <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Alliance school and consequently was extremely open<br />

to French culture. His mo<strong>the</strong>r (née Zemour) was <strong>of</strong> Algerian orig<strong>in</strong><br />

and so held French citizenship, which <strong>the</strong> decree <strong>of</strong> Crémieux had<br />

awarded to Algerian Jews <strong>in</strong> 1870. In 1956, <strong>the</strong> family moved from<br />

Morocco to Algiers, where <strong>the</strong>y jo<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>the</strong> mo<strong>the</strong>r’s family. However,<br />

as a result <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>stability that led to Algeria’s decolonization<br />

and <strong>in</strong>dependence, <strong>the</strong> family immigrated to France and settled <strong>in</strong><br />

Paris where <strong>Allon</strong> attended <strong>the</strong> Lycée Jean-Baptiste Say <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> sixteenth<br />

arrondissement. He later studied l<strong>in</strong>guistics and French literature<br />

at <strong>the</strong> University <strong>of</strong> Lille.<br />

At seventeen <strong>Allon</strong> got hold <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> family’s Exacta camera and also a<br />

16mm movie camera. From <strong>the</strong>n on his career was determ<strong>in</strong>ed. He<br />

immediately began experiment<strong>in</strong>g with <strong>the</strong> visual possibilities <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se<br />

new tools, and just a few years later he found employment as assistant<br />

director for <strong>the</strong> c<strong>in</strong>ema and for French television.<br />

The student revolution <strong>of</strong> May 1968 <strong>in</strong> Paris and its aftermath left a<br />

strong and last<strong>in</strong>g mark on <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>dividuals <strong>of</strong> <strong>Allon</strong>’s generation. For<br />

<strong>Allon</strong>, who had captured <strong>the</strong> events with his camera, it shaped his social<br />

and political awareness (Figure 1).<br />

Figure 1: Paris <strong>in</strong>surrection, 1968.<br />

By <strong>the</strong> time he moved to Israel <strong>in</strong> 1974, <strong>Allon</strong>, as a French citizen,<br />

already had well def<strong>in</strong>ed political views relat<strong>in</strong>g to France; but he left<br />

those beh<strong>in</strong>d <strong>in</strong> France. He was no Zionist or political activist, and<br />

he approached Israel without a religious or political agenda. Do<strong>in</strong>g<br />

so may have made his encounter with Israel, <strong>the</strong> local culture and<br />

<strong>the</strong> artistic scene, even more <strong>of</strong> a turn<strong>in</strong>g po<strong>in</strong>t <strong>in</strong> his life and his<br />

photographic/creative career. Once <strong>in</strong> Israel, <strong>Allon</strong> went from be<strong>in</strong>g<br />

an unknown entity <strong>in</strong> a big country, to an <strong>in</strong>novator and trend<br />

setter <strong>in</strong> his new home.<br />

Gérard <strong>Allon</strong>’s <strong>in</strong>terest <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> camera image has never been stand-alone<br />

or monolithic. For him, photography has always been part <strong>of</strong> a comprehensive<br />

visual ensemble, which <strong>in</strong>cluded all forms <strong>of</strong> visual expression,<br />

as well as <strong>the</strong> c<strong>in</strong>ema and <strong>the</strong> stage arts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ater and dance.<br />

7


<strong>Allon</strong>’s variety <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>terests is most certa<strong>in</strong>ly <strong>the</strong> result <strong>of</strong> his mov<strong>in</strong>g from<br />

one country to ano<strong>the</strong>r. Despite <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>herent difficulties, migrat<strong>in</strong>g to a<br />

new cultural and visual environment broadens one’s horizons and deepens<br />

a person’s understand<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> life, thus enrich<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> creative arsenal.<br />

Besides <strong>the</strong> revolution <strong>of</strong> ’68, <strong>the</strong> general cultural atmosphere <strong>of</strong> France<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 1960s and 1970s <strong>in</strong>fluenced <strong>Allon</strong>. The liveliest cultural and<br />

artistic fields at <strong>the</strong> time were literature (prose and poetry), philosophy,<br />

c<strong>in</strong>ema and <strong>the</strong>ater, and traces <strong>of</strong> all can clearly be discerned <strong>in</strong><br />

<strong>Allon</strong>’s artistic creations throughout his career. When asked who most<br />

<strong>in</strong>fluenced his work and thought, <strong>Allon</strong> is usually unable to come up<br />

immediately with references, but he <strong>the</strong>n slowly beg<strong>in</strong>s to enumerate<br />

names and styles <strong>in</strong> a variety <strong>of</strong> doma<strong>in</strong>s—Kafka, Borges, Sartre,<br />

Camus, Artaud, Beckett, Ionesco—always add<strong>in</strong>g that <strong>the</strong>se <strong>in</strong>fluences<br />

were time-limited or even specific to a certa<strong>in</strong> moment <strong>in</strong> his life.<br />

These names help expla<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> surrealistic qualities <strong>of</strong> many <strong>of</strong> his creations<br />

<strong>in</strong> various fields <strong>of</strong> activity. Naturally, at some po<strong>in</strong>t, <strong>the</strong> young<br />

Gérard did try his hand at writ<strong>in</strong>g poetry and short stories, but his<br />

heart has always rema<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> realm <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> visual. In <strong>the</strong> strictly<br />

spiritual doma<strong>in</strong>, Emmanuel Lev<strong>in</strong>as’s philosophy, thought, and ethics<br />

and his humanistic approach to Biblical texts was critical. Lev<strong>in</strong>as’s<br />

writ<strong>in</strong>gs, along with Gershom Scholem’s work on <strong>the</strong> Cabala, <strong>in</strong>fluenced<br />

<strong>Allon</strong> to create several <strong>the</strong>matic series directly connected to Judaism,<br />

such as “Genesis” and <strong>the</strong> Passover Haggadah.<br />

In pa<strong>in</strong>t<strong>in</strong>g, <strong>Allon</strong> cites Goya, Braque, <strong>the</strong> German Expressionists and<br />

Kiefer, while <strong>in</strong> c<strong>in</strong>ema he refers to Tarkowsky and Bergman, <strong>the</strong> years<br />

<strong>of</strong> Jean Rouch’s c<strong>in</strong>éma vérité, and subsequently Jean-Luc Goddard.<br />

They left a deep impr<strong>in</strong>t on his thought, work, and creation. Several<br />

decades later direct traces <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> typical visual vernacular <strong>of</strong> c<strong>in</strong>éma<br />

vérité, associated with <strong>the</strong> more contemporary technologies <strong>of</strong> video<br />

art, are clearly visible <strong>in</strong> his 2004 documentary Naomi’s Corset and <strong>in</strong><br />

his latest film Fragments.<br />

In <strong>the</strong> field <strong>of</strong> photography <strong>Allon</strong> mentions a long list <strong>of</strong> artists, many<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m predictable, such as Muybridge, Man Ray, Doro<strong>the</strong>a Lange,<br />

Bill Brandt, Cartier Bresson, and Robert Frank. Aga<strong>in</strong>, each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se<br />

connects to a specific moment <strong>in</strong> his life and career. However, <strong>the</strong>se<br />

<strong>in</strong>fluential photographers were not models that he copied directly.<br />

They were, ra<strong>the</strong>r, sound<strong>in</strong>g boards with whom he still conducts a visual,<br />

artistic and creative dialogue. Through staged photography,<br />

which he practiced extensively throughout his practice, <strong>Allon</strong> came to<br />

appreciate and admire Jeff Wall’s work much later <strong>in</strong> his career. In fact,<br />

from <strong>the</strong> very beg<strong>in</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g most <strong>of</strong> <strong>Allon</strong>’s work is characterized <strong>by</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

use <strong>of</strong> photographic “mise en scène,” which is <strong>in</strong> l<strong>in</strong>e with most contemporary<br />

modes <strong>of</strong> creation <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> field. His creations <strong>in</strong> all fields,<br />

from commercial imagery to personal mystical projects, rely on <strong>the</strong><br />

<strong>in</strong>tentional creation <strong>of</strong> parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> scene, which are <strong>the</strong>n destroyed<br />

once <strong>the</strong> set-up has been recorded photographically. What rema<strong>in</strong>s is<br />

naturally a “visual memory” fixed <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> f<strong>in</strong>al image.<br />

Although <strong>Allon</strong> <strong>in</strong>itially felt very much at ease <strong>in</strong> France and <strong>in</strong>tegrated<br />

<strong>in</strong>to French society, his immigration to Israel at age twenty-four was<br />

to a large extent <strong>the</strong> result <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> disillusionment he felt with what he<br />

calls “<strong>the</strong> aborted ‘revolution’ <strong>of</strong> ’68.” It awakened <strong>in</strong> him difficult questions<br />

<strong>of</strong> identity. He <strong>in</strong>itially came to Israel to seek distance and ga<strong>in</strong><br />

8


perspective on himself and his life <strong>in</strong> France. However it quickly became<br />

evident to him that his place was <strong>in</strong> Israel, and his stay turned<br />

primarily <strong>in</strong>to a quest for roots and identity. It was <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>ternal feel<strong>in</strong>g<br />

<strong>of</strong> extraneousness and alienation that he hoped Israel might be able to<br />

resolve. In fact, he came <strong>in</strong> order to ask questions, to learn and to absorb,<br />

ra<strong>the</strong>r than to change and <strong>in</strong>fluence.<br />

The moment <strong>of</strong> <strong>Allon</strong>’s arrival <strong>in</strong> Israel was a critical one for <strong>the</strong> nation.<br />

Israel was marked <strong>by</strong> extremes: <strong>the</strong> ra<strong>the</strong>r brutal awaken<strong>in</strong>g from <strong>the</strong><br />

euphoria <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Six Day War <strong>of</strong> 1967 and <strong>the</strong> trauma and tragedy <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Yom Kippur War <strong>of</strong> 1973, all mixed with fear and a cautious optimism<br />

surround<strong>in</strong>g Israel’s peace agreement with Egypt. In <strong>the</strong> midst <strong>of</strong> such<br />

vital concerns, art was certa<strong>in</strong>ly secondary, and photography was stagnat<strong>in</strong>g<br />

between <strong>the</strong> old schools and a mere mannerist copy<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> sporadic<br />

Western <strong>in</strong>fluences.<br />

Gérard <strong>Allon</strong> asserts that he came to learn and to enrich his life, not to<br />

teach. However, <strong>in</strong> his new environment he soon found himself teach<strong>in</strong>g,<br />

apply<strong>in</strong>g, and fur<strong>the</strong>r develop<strong>in</strong>g all <strong>the</strong> skills and knowledge he<br />

had wanted to leave beh<strong>in</strong>d <strong>in</strong> France. Totally unconsciously, and <strong>in</strong> a<br />

most natural process, <strong>in</strong>stead <strong>of</strong> f<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>g and receiv<strong>in</strong>g answers, he became<br />

an <strong>in</strong>novator and an <strong>in</strong>fluential figure try<strong>in</strong>g to fill <strong>the</strong> gap between<br />

<strong>the</strong> local condition <strong>of</strong> photography and what he had learned<br />

and experienced abroad. He found out that c<strong>in</strong>ema and still photography<br />

<strong>in</strong> Israel were lagg<strong>in</strong>g beh<strong>in</strong>d, both on <strong>the</strong> creative and technological<br />

level. From his perspective, <strong>the</strong> characters and <strong>the</strong> plots <strong>in</strong> Israeli<br />

c<strong>in</strong>ema at that time were shallow and naïve, lack<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> sophistication—<br />

and that was also true <strong>of</strong> photography. In this situation, <strong>the</strong> outsider—<br />

<strong>the</strong> new immigrant—faced <strong>the</strong> dilemma <strong>of</strong> whe<strong>the</strong>r to act or not:<br />

would his <strong>in</strong>volvement constitute negative <strong>in</strong>terference? In <strong>the</strong> end, he<br />

opted for active participation <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> process <strong>of</strong> renovat<strong>in</strong>g and rebuild<strong>in</strong>g<br />

<strong>the</strong> fields <strong>of</strong> activity <strong>in</strong> which he was most experienced and<br />

prolific. In retrospect, and from <strong>the</strong> historical perspective, it is clear<br />

that he made a marked difference, both as an artist and creator, as well<br />

as a teacher.<br />

The younger generation <strong>of</strong> photographers—some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m, like Gérard<br />

<strong>Allon</strong>, new immigrants or Israelis educated abroad—worked from <strong>the</strong><br />

late 1970s on to create a new order <strong>of</strong> cosmopolitan photography based<br />

on contemporary Western canons. In a revolutionary fashion, <strong>Allon</strong><br />

and his Israeli colleagues purposefully ignored or obscured all that was<br />

prior to <strong>the</strong>m, label<strong>in</strong>g it as old, obsolete, anachronistic, and worthless.<br />

They refused to establish any k<strong>in</strong>d <strong>of</strong> dialogue with Israeli forerunners<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> medium. For <strong>Allon</strong>, his lack <strong>of</strong> familiarity with or knowledge <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> antecedents <strong>of</strong> Israeli photography became a major advantage, as his<br />

po<strong>in</strong>t <strong>of</strong> reference was <strong>the</strong> current situation, which motivated him to<br />

act. However, this did not deter him from a noticeably conscious effort<br />

to reach deep <strong>in</strong>to local cultural conditions, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g problematic issues<br />

around <strong>the</strong> Bible and Jewish questions, <strong>the</strong> territories, and <strong>the</strong> mystic<br />

or messianic political currents <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> country.<br />

Although <strong>the</strong>re had always been ra<strong>the</strong>r <strong>in</strong>tensive camera activity <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

region, especially <strong>in</strong> Israel, <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> late 1970s and early 1980s <strong>the</strong>re was<br />

practically no critical writ<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> any k<strong>in</strong>d <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> field. Even museum<br />

exhibition catalogues were ma<strong>in</strong>ly descriptive, to some extent apologetic,<br />

and did not attempt to create a critical discourse <strong>of</strong> any k<strong>in</strong>d.<br />

9


Figure 2: From <strong>the</strong> film Shevarim (Fragments) 1990-2006: The Second Lebanon War; shown: Gérard <strong>Allon</strong>.<br />

Photography was still battl<strong>in</strong>g for recognition as an art form and seek<strong>in</strong>g<br />

legitimacy as a creative/artistic tool <strong>in</strong> its own right. Today‘s contemporary<br />

Israeli film, video and photography still owe much to <strong>the</strong><br />

<strong>in</strong>tensive activity and creative burst that took place <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> 1970s.<br />

Gérard <strong>Allon</strong>’s career has been characterized <strong>by</strong> cont<strong>in</strong>uity and a deep<br />

coherence. One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first works he created shortly after his arrival <strong>in</strong><br />

Israel was a film on <strong>the</strong> first Jewish settlement on <strong>the</strong> Golan Heights,<br />

and this documentary has provided basic material that he constantly<br />

reuses <strong>in</strong> his current work. In Fragments (1990-2006), for <strong>in</strong>stance, he<br />

comb<strong>in</strong>es parts <strong>of</strong> this early footage with recent takes <strong>in</strong> a new film express<strong>in</strong>g<br />

cont<strong>in</strong>uity, but also po<strong>in</strong>t<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong> radicalization <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> religious<br />

discourse that has been slid<strong>in</strong>g towards political messianism (Figure 2).<br />

The remarkable variety and orig<strong>in</strong>ality <strong>of</strong> <strong>Allon</strong>’s photographic activity<br />

quickly earned him a place <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> front row <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> camera practitioners<br />

work<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> commercial arena. Advertis<strong>in</strong>g agencies and<br />

publications sought him out because his images brought new ideas<br />

and a fresh approach to fashion and magaz<strong>in</strong>e illustrations. <strong>Allon</strong> not<br />

only <strong>in</strong>troduced new standards <strong>in</strong> this field, he also deployed his<br />

10


imported aes<strong>the</strong>tics. His photographs spoke <strong>in</strong> a new visual vernacular<br />

that came from a different culture. Thus, he <strong>in</strong>corporated <strong>the</strong> use<br />

<strong>of</strong> sensuality, which was not only <strong>in</strong>novative but also shattered certa<strong>in</strong><br />

taboos still exist<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> a ra<strong>the</strong>r puritan Israel. The subtle eroticism that<br />

his work exuded, with its Western/French aura <strong>of</strong> elegance, was taken<br />

up <strong>by</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs and set a new pattern <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> field.<br />

Beg<strong>in</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> 1978, <strong>the</strong> newly established monthly magaz<strong>in</strong>e Monit<strong>in</strong>,<br />

a modern and revolutionary publication with a flashy, slick style and<br />

an unprecedented high-standard <strong>of</strong> pr<strong>in</strong>t<strong>in</strong>g, also redef<strong>in</strong>ed editorial<br />

photography. The editors <strong>of</strong>fered a new showcase, an experimental<br />

stage and new codes for <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> photographs, grant<strong>in</strong>g total freedom<br />

to <strong>the</strong> artists. It was natural that <strong>Allon</strong> would f<strong>in</strong>d his place <strong>the</strong>re as<br />

one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lead<strong>in</strong>g contributors (Figure 3), and <strong>in</strong> fact, he became <strong>the</strong><br />

person beh<strong>in</strong>d many covers and feature articles.<br />

<strong>Allon</strong>’s new ideas and approaches had a significant impact on commercial<br />

photography—notably on magaz<strong>in</strong>e covers and posters (Figure<br />

4). He had a similarly <strong>in</strong>novative impact on <strong>the</strong> art <strong>of</strong> disc covers,<br />

especially dur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> 1980s when music also was flourish<strong>in</strong>g (Figure 5).<br />

Figure 3: Image used on a cover for Monit<strong>in</strong><br />

magaz<strong>in</strong>e, 1979.<br />

Figure 4: Poster for Mira Recanati’s film<br />

Elef Neshikot (A Thousand Little Kisses),<br />

1981. (© Israfilm Ltd.; reproduced with<br />

permission)<br />

Figure 5: Jacket cover for Mati Caspi record,<br />

1976. (© NMC United; reproduced with<br />

permission)<br />

11


An additional and significant area <strong>in</strong> which <strong>Allon</strong> excels<br />

is stage photography. His love and deep understand<strong>in</strong>g<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> medium, based on his wide experience<br />

<strong>in</strong> France—especially shoot<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> Liv<strong>in</strong>g Theater <strong>in</strong><br />

Lille <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> late 1960s—made him one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lead<strong>in</strong>g<br />

figures <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> field <strong>in</strong> Israel. He eventually was appo<strong>in</strong>ted<br />

house photographer for <strong>the</strong> Israel National<br />

Theater Ha-Bimah where for <strong>the</strong> last several decades he<br />

has created exceptional visual documentation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

groundbreak<strong>in</strong>g plays. In addition, he has worked for<br />

<strong>the</strong> Cameri Theater, <strong>the</strong> Yiddish Theater, and <strong>the</strong><br />

Jerusalem Khan Theater. Besides regular stage photography,<br />

he has also contributed visuals that were an<br />

<strong>in</strong>tegral part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> stage design as well as <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> play<br />

itself. A most remarkable such contribution was <strong>the</strong><br />

video he produced for Allen G<strong>in</strong>sberg’s Kaddish for<br />

Naomi. When <strong>the</strong> play was reviewed <strong>by</strong> <strong>the</strong> New York<br />

Times on September 20, 2003, his work was more<br />

highly praised than <strong>the</strong> play itself. As Margo Jefferson<br />

wrote: “Video images are so popular that <strong>the</strong>y can become<br />

a visual tic. There is noth<strong>in</strong>g generic, though,<br />

about <strong>the</strong> work <strong>of</strong> Gerard <strong>Allon</strong>, <strong>the</strong> production’s multimedia<br />

director; his images work as a musical score does.<br />

Rhythms change; so does <strong>in</strong>tensity” (Figures 6, 7).<br />

<strong>Allon</strong>’s personal search for new visual possibilities and<br />

languages has been a crucial aspect <strong>of</strong> his overall<br />

creative activity, and he has never ceased to develop<br />

new areas <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>terest. As part <strong>of</strong> adapt<strong>in</strong>g to his new<br />

Figures 6, 7: From <strong>the</strong> video art film Kadish le-No‘omi G<strong>in</strong>sberg (Kaddish for Naomi G<strong>in</strong>sberg),<br />

2000.<br />

12


country—and <strong>in</strong> an attempt to absorb <strong>the</strong> cultural icons <strong>of</strong> Israel—<br />

<strong>Allon</strong> created a series <strong>of</strong> small black and white images <strong>in</strong> which he portrayed<br />

everyday objects that are specific to Israel. By writ<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

descriptive name <strong>in</strong> Hebrew and <strong>of</strong>ten with mistakes he created a dialogue<br />

and a new basis for familiarity with <strong>the</strong> strange environment. In<br />

<strong>the</strong> photograph “Matches” he adds <strong>in</strong> paren<strong>the</strong>ses “(Israeli),” so as to differentiate<br />

<strong>the</strong>m from o<strong>the</strong>rs and accentuate <strong>the</strong>ir local value (Figure 8).<br />

These photographs are also closely connected to <strong>the</strong> issue <strong>of</strong> identity<br />

and his search for his own <strong>in</strong>dividuality <strong>in</strong> society. The fact that Israel<br />

is a melt<strong>in</strong>g pot <strong>of</strong> cultures and languages, with Jews from so many<br />

different backgrounds, leads <strong>Allon</strong> to realize that <strong>the</strong> only b<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>g element<br />

is <strong>the</strong> common religious/historic past shared <strong>by</strong> all Jews and<br />

that images and metaphors from <strong>the</strong> Bible could serve to tie toge<strong>the</strong>r<br />

and def<strong>in</strong>e <strong>the</strong> nation <strong>in</strong> formation. However, <strong>Allon</strong> could not act on<br />

this realization <strong>in</strong> his commercial work. From <strong>the</strong> early formative years<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> State, and especially dur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> 1960s and 1970s most commission<strong>in</strong>g<br />

agencies, artists, and photographers avoided art with religious<br />

overtones at all costs. In fact, <strong>the</strong>y all focused on <strong>the</strong> Sabra <strong>the</strong> native<br />

Israeli as <strong>the</strong> model <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> new Jew be<strong>in</strong>g created <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> melt<strong>in</strong>g pot.<br />

Yet, this new Israeli was far from be<strong>in</strong>g a syn<strong>the</strong>sis <strong>of</strong> all <strong>the</strong> citizens, an<br />

ideal figure to be looked up to, because <strong>the</strong> model was always European,<br />

an Ashkenazi, an ideal figure appeal<strong>in</strong>g only to less than one half<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> population. In fact, <strong>in</strong>stead <strong>of</strong> b<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>g toge<strong>the</strong>r, it deepened <strong>the</strong><br />

social differences between <strong>the</strong> different ethnic groups. Dur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> early<br />

1980s ethnocentricity became a new standard under which groups and<br />

parties assembled and fought.<br />

Figure 8: Gafrurim Yisre’elim (Matches (Israeli)). From <strong>the</strong> series Postcards from<br />

Israel, 1982.<br />

Despite that, <strong>Allon</strong> decided to create works deeply rooted <strong>in</strong> Jewish<br />

writ<strong>in</strong>g and tradition. His Bereshit (Genesis) sequence illustrated passages<br />

from Genesis, while <strong>the</strong> Passover Haggadah that he created and<br />

13


Figure 9: Yom Shelishi (Third Day), from <strong>the</strong> series Genesis, 1984.<br />

also published was a new version <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> traditional text, coupled with<br />

new illustrations. The semi-abstract images eventually became photographic<br />

landmarks <strong>in</strong> Israel (Figure 9). Although he constructed <strong>the</strong><br />

staged setups for <strong>the</strong> series <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> purest Jewish tradition, <strong>Allon</strong> avoided<br />

literal illustrations, <strong>in</strong>stead us<strong>in</strong>g a contemporary visual vernacular<br />

and modern symbols. The visual elements he employed were essentially<br />

basic geometric forms, visual analogies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> four elements and<br />

colors, yet all endowed with Cabalistic significance. As <strong>Allon</strong> clearly<br />

states, his research on <strong>the</strong> visual representation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Bible is a personal<br />

exegesis, through which he “translated” and <strong>in</strong>terpreted <strong>the</strong> texts.<br />

The images rema<strong>in</strong> somewhat hermetic to <strong>the</strong> layman, as one needs to<br />

have at least a basic knowledge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> philosophical complexity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Cabalistic concepts, such as <strong>the</strong> tree <strong>of</strong> life and <strong>the</strong> Sefirot.<br />

14


In <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>troduction to <strong>the</strong> Passover Haggadah published <strong>in</strong> 1982<br />

<strong>Allon</strong> wrote:<br />

The Passover Haggada has existed for thousands <strong>of</strong> years and<br />

usually appears accompanied <strong>by</strong> draw<strong>in</strong>gs and pictures.<br />

These aid <strong>in</strong> creat<strong>in</strong>g an actualization <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Hebrew Exodus<br />

from Egypt <strong>in</strong> each generation; a physical, moreover a mental<br />

and spiritual liberation which we must . . . undergo anew<br />

every year.<br />

Dur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> work, <strong>the</strong>re appeared a possibility <strong>of</strong> a photographic<br />

exegesis and its language was based on primary<br />

forms: circle, square, triangle . . . , and basic colours. Usage <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong>ir mean<strong>in</strong>g stems from <strong>the</strong> knowledge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Kabbalah.<br />

In every shape, <strong>in</strong> every colour <strong>the</strong>re is essence.<br />

In <strong>the</strong> fall <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same year, <strong>the</strong> Israel Museum, Jerusalem, organized a<br />

major exhibition titled Here and Now: Israeli Art, which <strong>in</strong>cluded pa<strong>in</strong>t<strong>in</strong>g,<br />

sculpture, draw<strong>in</strong>g, photography, and video. This was an extensive<br />

survey <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> condition <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> arts <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> country, and Gérard <strong>Allon</strong> was<br />

one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fourteen photographers chosen as representative <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most<br />

<strong>in</strong>novative and up-to-date approaches <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> medium. Selected for <strong>the</strong> exhibition<br />

was <strong>the</strong> series <strong>of</strong> ten photographs from <strong>the</strong> Passover Haggadah<br />

illustrat<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> ten plagues <strong>of</strong> Egypt (Figure 10).<br />

The catalogue <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> exhibition referred to <strong>Allon</strong>’s work <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong>se terms:<br />

Gérard <strong>Allon</strong> is <strong>the</strong> only photographer <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> exhibition who<br />

attempts to avoid <strong>the</strong> beaten path. Almost totally free <strong>of</strong> any<br />

foreign <strong>in</strong>fluences, he aims to produce images derived directly<br />

from Jewish heritage. His photographs, a series <strong>of</strong> illustrations<br />

for a recently published Passover Haggada,<br />

comb<strong>in</strong>e a two-millennia-old subject with a very modern visual<br />

idiom: color photography. This unusual mixture, toge<strong>the</strong>r<br />

with <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> Kabalistic signs and symbols, results <strong>in</strong><br />

a unique series <strong>of</strong> abstract images. Even more surpris<strong>in</strong>g is<br />

<strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> violent colors rem<strong>in</strong>iscent <strong>of</strong> Punk aes<strong>the</strong>tic, and<br />

Figure 10: Hoshekh (Darkness, The Ten Plagues), from Hagadah shel Pesah<br />

(Passover Haggadah), 1982.<br />

its associations with such a subject. <strong>Allon</strong>’s modern photographic<br />

mysticism and his effort to comb<strong>in</strong>e old and new<br />

might be seen as a solitary attempt <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> search for a local<br />

character <strong>in</strong> Israeli photography.<br />

In spite <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> unusual character <strong>of</strong> his work and art, and its dissimilarity<br />

with current photographic practices <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> country, <strong>Allon</strong> has<br />

been embraced <strong>by</strong> <strong>the</strong> museum and art worlds as be<strong>in</strong>g one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> representatives<br />

<strong>of</strong> new Israeli photography.<br />

An avid experimenter and seeker after new tools to enlarge his creative<br />

arsenal, <strong>Allon</strong> embraced <strong>the</strong> new science <strong>of</strong> holography <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> early<br />

1980s. In apply<strong>in</strong>g it <strong>in</strong> his art he pioneered an almost futurist mode<br />

<strong>of</strong> imagery that verges on science fiction. The groundbreak<strong>in</strong>g images<br />

15


tography. As conceived and expressed <strong>by</strong> <strong>Allon</strong>, holography is <strong>in</strong> a<br />

sense a two-dimensional rendition <strong>of</strong> a four-dimensional world and<br />

reality, as it also <strong>in</strong>cludes <strong>the</strong> element <strong>of</strong> time. Not only is <strong>the</strong> perspective<br />

not dependent on <strong>the</strong> camera’s position, it varies accord<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong><br />

viewer’s placement: two viewers look<strong>in</strong>g at <strong>the</strong> same picture will each<br />

perceive a different image, just as if look<strong>in</strong>g through a w<strong>in</strong>dow.<br />

Figure 11: Hologram from an <strong>in</strong>stallation for Paradoks ha-Halom<br />

ha-Homri (The Paradox <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Materialistic Dream), Tel Aviv Museum<br />

<strong>of</strong> Art, 1993.<br />

created <strong>in</strong> his state-<strong>of</strong>-<strong>the</strong> art studio laboratory touch upon a variety<br />

<strong>of</strong> subjects—from Biblical symbolism to fashion and portraiture (Figure<br />

11). However successful, his efforts did not meet with <strong>the</strong> response<br />

he expected. It seems that his experiments and <strong>the</strong> images he created<br />

were somewhat premature, with <strong>the</strong>ir <strong>in</strong>tellectual and philosophical<br />

basis not understood.<br />

In <strong>Allon</strong>’s view, holography and syn<strong>the</strong>tic imagery questioned <strong>the</strong> traditional<br />

concept <strong>of</strong> photography and l<strong>in</strong>ear perspective as applied<br />

through <strong>the</strong> lens and <strong>the</strong> camera obscura. The new technologies, especially<br />

holography with its simultaneous multiple po<strong>in</strong>ts <strong>of</strong> view <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> subject, is an anti<strong>the</strong>sis <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> time-frozen, “cyclopic” vision <strong>of</strong> pho-<br />

Hav<strong>in</strong>g traveled to <strong>the</strong> United States and Canada for his exhibitions<br />

<strong>in</strong> 1983 and 1985, <strong>Allon</strong> realized that <strong>the</strong> technology <strong>of</strong> holography<br />

had evolved to <strong>the</strong> po<strong>in</strong>t <strong>of</strong> allow<strong>in</strong>g a wider range <strong>of</strong> creative possibilities.<br />

In addition, he also met potential <strong>in</strong>vestors want<strong>in</strong>g to create<br />

a research and development company <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> field, and <strong>the</strong>y <strong>of</strong>fered<br />

him a partnership and <strong>the</strong> direction <strong>of</strong> a laboratory <strong>in</strong> Montreal,<br />

Canada, <strong>the</strong> center <strong>of</strong> new imag<strong>in</strong>g technologies. In view <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

limited possibilities Israel could <strong>of</strong>fer for holography and his need<br />

for wider horizons, he decided to move to Canada <strong>in</strong> 1986. There, besides<br />

his regular photographic work, he experimented extensively<br />

with <strong>the</strong> magic beams. He registered a U.S. patent for a “Photograph<br />

Booth with Automatic Holographic Camera” on April 5, 1988; see<br />

http://www.patentstorm.us/patents-<strong>by</strong>-date/1988/0405-1.html. This<br />

unique device was capable <strong>of</strong> creat<strong>in</strong>g a hologram <strong>of</strong> a human subject<br />

positioned <strong>in</strong>side it and fac<strong>in</strong>g a holographic sheet film on which <strong>the</strong><br />

hologram <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> subject was to be recorded. Although <strong>the</strong> booth had all<br />

<strong>the</strong> necessary safety devices to prevent <strong>the</strong> laser beam from damag<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong><br />

sitter’s eyes, its high cost probably prevented its commercial realization.<br />

<strong>Allon</strong>’s stay <strong>in</strong> Canada, although longer than <strong>in</strong>tended, was also a period<br />

<strong>of</strong> reflection on <strong>the</strong> very essence <strong>of</strong> images, and it naturally <strong>in</strong>fluenced<br />

his future work. Upon his return to Israel <strong>in</strong> 1991, he cont<strong>in</strong>ued<br />

experiment<strong>in</strong>g with <strong>the</strong> notion <strong>of</strong> multiple po<strong>in</strong>ts <strong>of</strong> view, turn<strong>in</strong>g his<br />

16


Figure 12: From <strong>the</strong> film Ha-Hagorah shel No‘omi (Naomi’s Corset), 2004.<br />

<strong>in</strong>terest towards video <strong>in</strong>stallations as ano<strong>the</strong>r possibility <strong>of</strong> imag<strong>in</strong>g<br />

and representation. The residual effect <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se can be strongly felt <strong>in</strong><br />

his new video creations, where he uses split screens that <strong>of</strong>fer viewers<br />

several vantage po<strong>in</strong>ts simultaneously, thus allow<strong>in</strong>g different <strong>in</strong>terpretations<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> works.<br />

Among <strong>Allon</strong>’s more recent achievements are two films that have<br />

brought him a well-deserved <strong>in</strong>ternational recognition. The documentary<br />

Naomi’s Corset (2004) is based on <strong>the</strong> ordeal his daughter<br />

Naomi went through <strong>in</strong> a series <strong>of</strong> difficult surgical operations to correct<br />

a serious case <strong>of</strong> scoliosis. This deeply mov<strong>in</strong>g document unavoidably<br />

carries traces <strong>of</strong> elements from <strong>the</strong> c<strong>in</strong>éma vérité so familiar<br />

to him. However, it deals with a new vernacular, that <strong>of</strong> video art,<br />

which, through staged and manipulated scenes, questions <strong>the</strong> sober<br />

and realistic imagery that is <strong>the</strong> very essence <strong>of</strong> c<strong>in</strong>éma vérité. <strong>Allon</strong>’s<br />

film was awarded <strong>the</strong> jury’s special mention at <strong>the</strong> FIPA (International<br />

Festival <strong>of</strong> Audiovisual Programs) <strong>in</strong> 2005 (Figure 12).<br />

His second film, Fragments, is nei<strong>the</strong>r a documentary nor a feature. It<br />

asks questions and seeks answers without necessarily f<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>g any,<br />

which has always been characteristic <strong>of</strong> <strong>Allon</strong>’s creative activity and<br />

prolific m<strong>in</strong>d. His question<strong>in</strong>g has long transcended <strong>the</strong> personal level<br />

17


and has moved to <strong>the</strong> wider national, political, and social realms. His<br />

queries vis-à-vis be<strong>in</strong>g Israeli, Zionist, and Jewish (not <strong>in</strong> a religious<br />

but ra<strong>the</strong>r a mystical context) are not meant to create controversy; that<br />

already exists naturally <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> country. He aims <strong>in</strong>stead to raise issues<br />

<strong>of</strong> identity and belong<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong> land and country and <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ethical<br />

values <strong>of</strong> Israel <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> contemporary geopolitical environment. As is<br />

clear from <strong>the</strong> film itself, <strong>Allon</strong> asks questions and attempts to answer<br />

<strong>the</strong>m <strong>in</strong> a dialogue with himself. Yet <strong>the</strong> answers are not to be found.<br />

This impossible situation makes his daughter, also act<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> film,<br />

ask: “Fa<strong>the</strong>r, why don’t you answer me.” As with most <strong>of</strong> his art work,<br />

this film, although contemporary <strong>in</strong> its conception and <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> new<br />

technologies, still shows <strong>in</strong>fluences from <strong>Allon</strong>’s European and especially<br />

French background. The construction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> movie, with <strong>the</strong> different<br />

scenes and episodes <strong>in</strong> it, some recurrent, o<strong>the</strong>rs virtually<br />

unrelated or contradictory, are rem<strong>in</strong>iscent <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> literary style called<br />

nouveau roman advocated <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> 1960s <strong>by</strong> novelist and filmmaker<br />

Ala<strong>in</strong> Robbe-Grillet.<br />

It is virtually impossible to sum up such a long and prolific career <strong>in</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> arts <strong>in</strong> one short essay. Look<strong>in</strong>g back, <strong>Allon</strong> can be rightfully satisfied<br />

with what has happened to him personally, as well as with his <strong>in</strong>volvement<br />

<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> artistic life <strong>of</strong> Israel. The country has enriched him<br />

as a person and as an artist, and at <strong>the</strong> same time it has received much<br />

from him. However, he himself never asserts <strong>the</strong> importance <strong>of</strong> his<br />

achievements or <strong>the</strong> wide range <strong>of</strong> his <strong>in</strong>fluence. Throughout his career,<br />

Gérard <strong>Allon</strong> has ev<strong>in</strong>ced a personal and artistic modesty. Instead<br />

<strong>of</strong> impos<strong>in</strong>g himself upon his creations, he reveals and expresses himself<br />

only through <strong>the</strong> richness, variety, and orig<strong>in</strong>ality <strong>of</strong> his creative<br />

strategies. Israel has been blessed with such an outstand<strong>in</strong>g addition to<br />

its artistic family.<br />

Nissan N. Perez<br />

February 2008<br />

18


P E R S O NA L S TAT E M E N T<br />

Dispute over Photonic Representation<br />

G É R A R D A L LO N<br />

Jerusalem, Spr<strong>in</strong>g 2009<br />

In front <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Bezalel Academy <strong>of</strong> F<strong>in</strong>e Arts <strong>in</strong> Jerusalem and <strong>in</strong><br />

front <strong>of</strong> a crowd <strong>of</strong> students and teachers, a dispute over photonic<br />

representations began. Tak<strong>in</strong>g part <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> dispute were a holographer,<br />

a portraitist, and a photojournalist.<br />

Follow<strong>in</strong>g a brief <strong>in</strong>troduction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> protagonists, <strong>the</strong> Academy’s<br />

president let <strong>the</strong> dispute range freely.<br />

Below we report some excerpts from a discussion that cont<strong>in</strong>ued<br />

through <strong>the</strong> night on <strong>the</strong> heights <strong>of</strong> Mount Scopus.<br />

The Portraitist<br />

The true greatness <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> photographic image comes from its ability to<br />

faithfully reproduce <strong>the</strong> forms <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> real. This is best expressed <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

portrait. What does it matter if <strong>the</strong> f<strong>in</strong>al image is three-dimensional?<br />

Look<strong>in</strong>g at a daguerreotype means com<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>to contact with <strong>the</strong> soul<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> person who was <strong>in</strong> front <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> silver plate. This image is not a<br />

graphic reconstruction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> features <strong>of</strong> a face, but ra<strong>the</strong>r, to <strong>the</strong> contrary,<br />

it is its lum<strong>in</strong>ous impr<strong>in</strong>t. This is true for all types <strong>of</strong> photographic<br />

portraits but it is clear that <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> case <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> daguerreotype it<br />

is as if we are fac<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> mirror that saw <strong>the</strong> person represented. The<br />

photons assumed each one <strong>of</strong> its features before be<strong>in</strong>g reflected onto<br />

<strong>the</strong> sensitive plate while bear<strong>in</strong>g with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong>m a portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> soul that<br />

every face knows how to reveal.<br />

The photo-sensitive object is sacralized <strong>by</strong> <strong>the</strong> impression that will forever<br />

mark it.<br />

19


I draw a basic difference between <strong>the</strong> daguerreotype, which has been<br />

physically touched <strong>by</strong> <strong>the</strong> light which came from <strong>the</strong> be<strong>in</strong>g’s face, and<br />

<strong>the</strong> photographic pr<strong>in</strong>t. A photograph on paper, made based on a negative,<br />

is but <strong>the</strong> graphic reconstruction <strong>of</strong> a lum<strong>in</strong>ous pr<strong>in</strong>t. It is <strong>the</strong><br />

product <strong>of</strong> a laboratory operation that manipulates <strong>the</strong> negative image<br />

so as to create a positive image, one that is <strong>of</strong>ten reframed, is sometimes<br />

retouched, and is almost always enlarged. The vital energy or,<br />

better yet, <strong>the</strong> soul <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> photographed subject has, <strong>in</strong> a sense, blurred<br />

dur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> process. Only <strong>the</strong> negative that has been exposed to <strong>the</strong> lum<strong>in</strong>ous<br />

waves reflected <strong>by</strong> <strong>the</strong> subject reta<strong>in</strong>s <strong>the</strong> liv<strong>in</strong>g memory <strong>of</strong> its<br />

presence. The mechanical and chemical reproduction desacralizes <strong>the</strong><br />

orig<strong>in</strong>al image.<br />

Mark this well.<br />

The search for a mimetic pictorial technology <strong>of</strong> what is currently <strong>in</strong><br />

existence is a response to our fa<strong>the</strong>rs’ deep faith <strong>in</strong> material’s tak<strong>in</strong>g<br />

on <strong>the</strong> shapes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> soul that <strong>in</strong>habits it. So <strong>the</strong> discovery <strong>of</strong> photography<br />

was <strong>the</strong> fruit <strong>of</strong> a quest to learn this. Through it I can deepen my<br />

knowledge <strong>of</strong> man and nature.<br />

As <strong>the</strong> faithful impr<strong>in</strong>t <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> forms <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> real, <strong>the</strong> photographic image<br />

allows me to know be<strong>in</strong>gs, landscapes, and th<strong>in</strong>gs that I have never<br />

personally encountered.<br />

Ask <strong>the</strong> scientist.<br />

He will tell you that <strong>the</strong> photograph is <strong>the</strong> ma<strong>in</strong> mediator <strong>of</strong> his knowledge.<br />

Without it he would not know much about <strong>the</strong> universe. His understand<strong>in</strong>g<br />

<strong>of</strong> distant galaxies is based on <strong>the</strong> images that were taken<br />

<strong>by</strong> <strong>the</strong> cameras that he has sent <strong>in</strong>to space. To exam<strong>in</strong>e <strong>the</strong> photograph<br />

<strong>of</strong> a distant star is to discover <strong>the</strong> star itself.<br />

Exploration <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> liv<strong>in</strong>g body is done through <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>termediary<br />

<strong>of</strong> m<strong>in</strong>uscule cameras that <strong>the</strong> researcher sends <strong>of</strong>f <strong>in</strong>to <strong>the</strong><br />

flow <strong>of</strong> blood <strong>in</strong> his ve<strong>in</strong>s and arteries. Scientific knowledge is obta<strong>in</strong>ed<br />

from see<strong>in</strong>g it.<br />

The explorer, hav<strong>in</strong>g come back from <strong>the</strong> heart <strong>of</strong> unknown cont<strong>in</strong>ents,<br />

will exam<strong>in</strong>e <strong>the</strong> photographs that he took <strong>in</strong> order to expand<br />

our understand<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> world. O<strong>the</strong>r seekers <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> True will carry<br />

out new explorations, via those same images, without need<strong>in</strong>g to move<br />

physically. To exam<strong>in</strong>e an au<strong>the</strong>ntic photograph <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Real means exam<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g<br />

<strong>the</strong> Real itself.<br />

Knowledge <strong>of</strong> what is <strong>in</strong>f<strong>in</strong>itely small <strong>in</strong>cludes <strong>the</strong> mak<strong>in</strong>g and <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>terpretation<br />

<strong>of</strong> photographic images. I have seen <strong>the</strong> result <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> impact produced<br />

<strong>by</strong> <strong>the</strong> meet<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> two protons smashed aga<strong>in</strong>st one ano<strong>the</strong>r <strong>in</strong> a<br />

particle accelerator, on a photographic plate that clearly remembers <strong>the</strong><br />

event. Thus I can objectively, which is to say scientifically, draw conclusions<br />

about <strong>the</strong> life <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> material based on <strong>the</strong> faithful snapshot.<br />

The scientist is <strong>the</strong> bro<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> portraitist and <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> daguerreotypist<br />

<strong>in</strong> particular. Both <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m try to give an image <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> real such as<br />

it is, outside <strong>of</strong> me.<br />

The Holographer<br />

Let me expla<strong>in</strong> this to you.<br />

The two-dimensional photograph represents only a shadow <strong>of</strong> reality.<br />

Remember this: <strong>the</strong> camera obscura, <strong>the</strong> most important tool for<br />

know<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> physical world s<strong>in</strong>ce <strong>the</strong> Renaissance, was already known<br />

to <strong>the</strong> Ancients. The lum<strong>in</strong>ous reflection projected onto <strong>the</strong> wall <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

dark room, after hav<strong>in</strong>g crossed <strong>the</strong> p<strong>in</strong>hole, or even <strong>the</strong> lens <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

20


tightly closed diaphragm, did not <strong>in</strong>terest <strong>the</strong>m. In it <strong>the</strong>y saw only an<br />

illusion, or a lie, or even a trap <strong>by</strong> Satan.<br />

And do you know why?<br />

The fact is that <strong>the</strong> biggest section <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> light reflected <strong>by</strong> <strong>the</strong> material<br />

world does not get <strong>in</strong>to <strong>the</strong> camera obscura. Only <strong>the</strong> photons that are<br />

geometrically l<strong>in</strong>ed up with <strong>the</strong> p<strong>in</strong>hole make an impression on <strong>the</strong><br />

photographic plate. All <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs which are immeasurably more numerous<br />

get lost <strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>f<strong>in</strong>ity or even shatter <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> surround<strong>in</strong>g material.<br />

Which is to say that <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>formation ga<strong>the</strong>red <strong>by</strong> <strong>the</strong> light-sensitive<br />

plate is <strong>in</strong>f<strong>in</strong>itely partial.<br />

By position<strong>in</strong>g his equipment, <strong>the</strong> operator perforce selects <strong>the</strong> photons<br />

that will contribute to <strong>the</strong> creation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> image. So <strong>the</strong> partial<br />

<strong>in</strong>formation is <strong>in</strong> truth partial. It positions <strong>the</strong> operator’s I at <strong>the</strong> core<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> debate. The “what I see <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> real” <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> photographic image<br />

becomes <strong>the</strong> “what I believe <strong>the</strong> real is.” What I see through <strong>the</strong> p<strong>in</strong>hole<br />

becomes scientific, artistic, and political law. In it <strong>the</strong> perspective is<br />

unique, s<strong>in</strong>gle-eyed, flat, and determ<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>by</strong> my s<strong>in</strong>gle choice <strong>of</strong> position<strong>in</strong>g<br />

<strong>the</strong> one-eyed lens <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> physical, material, sensitive world.<br />

The flat image based on static perspective, which is an illusion <strong>of</strong><br />

depth, is <strong>the</strong> source <strong>of</strong> photography. It is <strong>the</strong> propaganda tool par excellence.<br />

Its truncated representation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Real passes itself <strong>of</strong>f as a<br />

tw<strong>in</strong> sister <strong>of</strong> Truth.<br />

It serves wars, acts <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>justice, and <strong>the</strong> economic exploitation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

masses.<br />

Let me talk to you about holography.<br />

This word comes from <strong>the</strong> Greek holos, entire, complete, and from<br />

graphe<strong>in</strong>, to write.<br />

Its name means someth<strong>in</strong>g like <strong>the</strong> complete message or ra<strong>the</strong>r <strong>in</strong>formation<br />

<strong>in</strong> its entirety.<br />

In <strong>the</strong> case <strong>of</strong> holography, <strong>the</strong> light that is reflected <strong>by</strong> <strong>the</strong> object does<br />

not pass through a p<strong>in</strong>hole <strong>in</strong> its trajectory toward <strong>the</strong> photo-sensitive<br />

plate. There is no selection <strong>of</strong> signify<strong>in</strong>g photons as occurs <strong>in</strong> photography.<br />

Holographic vision is accomplished via a broad w<strong>in</strong>dow onto <strong>the</strong> real<br />

and not via a t<strong>in</strong>y open<strong>in</strong>g made <strong>in</strong> one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> walls <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> camera obscura.<br />

Each one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> po<strong>in</strong>ts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> holographic plate conta<strong>in</strong>s all <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> visual <strong>in</strong>formation about <strong>the</strong> recorded object. We actually perceive<br />

<strong>the</strong> image’s depth. The perspective is not limited to a one-eyed and<br />

static po<strong>in</strong>t <strong>of</strong> view. It will change as a function <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> viewer’s holographic<br />

w<strong>in</strong>dow. Two observers situated simultaneously <strong>in</strong> front a<br />

holographic image will not see <strong>the</strong> same th<strong>in</strong>g.<br />

As you know, each one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> po<strong>in</strong>ts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> photo-sensitive emulsion<br />

will record <strong>the</strong> lum<strong>in</strong>ous <strong>in</strong>formation reflected <strong>by</strong> each one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

po<strong>in</strong>ts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> holographed object. Ow<strong>in</strong>g to this, each one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> po<strong>in</strong>ts<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> holographic plate will conta<strong>in</strong> all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> visual <strong>in</strong>formation <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> object located opposite it. So <strong>the</strong> wider and taller a w<strong>in</strong>dow is, <strong>the</strong><br />

more <strong>the</strong> parallax effect will <strong>in</strong>crease. The more vision expands, <strong>the</strong><br />

more <strong>the</strong> question<strong>in</strong>g about <strong>the</strong> mean<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> representation <strong>in</strong>creases.<br />

The richer <strong>the</strong> representation, <strong>the</strong> less chance I have to understand<br />

and appropriate <strong>the</strong> visual <strong>in</strong>terpretation unto myself. The<br />

more detailed <strong>the</strong> representation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> real is, <strong>the</strong> more <strong>in</strong> itself it presents<br />

a major number <strong>of</strong> po<strong>in</strong>ts <strong>of</strong> view.<br />

21


If you shatter a holographic plate, you will cont<strong>in</strong>ue to see all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> object<br />

recorded <strong>in</strong> each one <strong>of</strong> its fragments. But <strong>the</strong> more <strong>the</strong> size <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

fragment dim<strong>in</strong>ishes, <strong>the</strong> less <strong>of</strong> a role <strong>the</strong> parallax effect will play. The<br />

observer located opposite a small holographic fragment will only be<br />

able to read it with a s<strong>in</strong>gle eye just as <strong>the</strong> viewer located on <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r<br />

side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> door will only be able to observe <strong>the</strong> scene through <strong>the</strong> keyhole.<br />

An <strong>in</strong>f<strong>in</strong>ity <strong>of</strong> details <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> scene will thus be illegible.<br />

Reduced to <strong>the</strong> size <strong>of</strong> a p<strong>in</strong>hole, a hologram will have characteristics<br />

equivalent to those <strong>of</strong> a photograph.<br />

Look closely.<br />

A hologram imposes on <strong>the</strong> viewer <strong>the</strong> physical necessity <strong>of</strong> mov<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong><br />

order to read it via its multiplicity <strong>of</strong> po<strong>in</strong>ts <strong>of</strong> view. Read<strong>in</strong>g a holographic<br />

image implies a move <strong>by</strong> <strong>the</strong> viewer <strong>in</strong> space over a period <strong>of</strong><br />

time. The read<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> a photograph demands, albeit for an <strong>in</strong>stant, a<br />

halt <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> viewer’s attention to <strong>the</strong> fixed image.<br />

The holographic viewer is dynamic whereas <strong>the</strong> photographic viewer<br />

is static.<br />

The multiplicity <strong>of</strong> po<strong>in</strong>ts <strong>of</strong> view that are necessary for <strong>the</strong> read<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong><br />

a hologram implies a move <strong>of</strong> thought <strong>in</strong>to <strong>the</strong> space-time <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> representation.<br />

The operation’s relative complexity will evoke question<strong>in</strong>g<br />

and doubt <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> viewer. The peculiarity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> photographic image is<br />

<strong>of</strong> its be<strong>in</strong>g limited to a s<strong>in</strong>gle po<strong>in</strong>t <strong>of</strong> view. Its <strong>in</strong>tr<strong>in</strong>sic s<strong>in</strong>gle voice<br />

will <strong>in</strong>vite <strong>the</strong> viewer to give it a clear, unique <strong>in</strong>terpretation. The photographic<br />

representation tends to conv<strong>in</strong>ce <strong>the</strong> observer <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> truthfulness<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>formation that it conveys. The observer is <strong>in</strong>vited to see<br />

<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> photographic representation what its author saw at <strong>the</strong> time <strong>the</strong><br />

image was recorded. In holography <strong>the</strong> operator’s eye cannot simultaneously<br />

occupy all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> po<strong>in</strong>ts <strong>of</strong> view <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> scene that he is fix<strong>in</strong>g<br />

onto <strong>the</strong> sensitive plate.<br />

Ow<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong> nature <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> photographic medium, <strong>the</strong> <strong>the</strong>oretically<br />

objective operator imposes his own perspective on me even if this was<br />

manipulated.<br />

In holography, <strong>the</strong> notion <strong>of</strong> objectivity on <strong>the</strong> part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> operator<br />

loses its mean<strong>in</strong>g.<br />

The peculiarity <strong>of</strong> a photograph is to isolate a particular <strong>in</strong>stant among<br />

an <strong>in</strong>f<strong>in</strong>ity <strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r <strong>in</strong>stants that are contiguous with it and which form<br />

<strong>the</strong> flow <strong>of</strong> time.<br />

The author <strong>of</strong> a photograph perforce seeks to conv<strong>in</strong>ce us that he has<br />

released <strong>the</strong> shutter <strong>of</strong> his camera at a privileged and significant moment,<br />

one that is superior to <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>stants that preceded it.<br />

The photograph, and, after that, <strong>the</strong> c<strong>in</strong>ema, atomize space-time <strong>in</strong> a<br />

l<strong>in</strong>ear set <strong>of</strong> separated visual <strong>in</strong>stants.<br />

The photograph seems to dom<strong>in</strong>ate <strong>the</strong> represented subject <strong>by</strong> freez<strong>in</strong>g<br />

it <strong>in</strong> its frame. It <strong>in</strong> turn asks you to subjugate it. The photograph<br />

pressures you <strong>in</strong>to tak<strong>in</strong>g part <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> feel<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> dom<strong>in</strong>at<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> subject<br />

that has been set onto <strong>the</strong> plate, a bit like <strong>the</strong> hunter’s stuffed trophy<br />

tends to streng<strong>the</strong>n your feel<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> superiority <strong>in</strong> relation to <strong>the</strong> sla<strong>in</strong><br />

animal. The photograph appeals for communion between <strong>the</strong> operator,<br />

<strong>the</strong> represented subject, and all viewers.<br />

Do not go <strong>of</strong>f and th<strong>in</strong>k that holography’s peculiarity lies <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> threedimensional<br />

aspect <strong>of</strong> its representations.<br />

22


From <strong>the</strong> start <strong>of</strong> photography, <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>vention <strong>of</strong> stereoscopy allowed<br />

for <strong>the</strong> creation <strong>of</strong> images <strong>in</strong> relief. Two pieces <strong>of</strong> photographic equipment<br />

positioned side <strong>by</strong> side, with spac<strong>in</strong>g equivalent to that which<br />

separates <strong>the</strong> two eyes <strong>of</strong> a face, record <strong>the</strong> same object. These two<br />

s<strong>in</strong>gle-eyed representations will be allowed to see such that each eye<br />

will only be able to perceive <strong>the</strong> image match<strong>in</strong>g its position <strong>in</strong> relation<br />

to <strong>the</strong> photographed object. So <strong>the</strong> relief effect is created. But <strong>the</strong><br />

image’s perspective will not be altered, even <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> event <strong>the</strong> viewer<br />

changed position <strong>in</strong> relation to it.<br />

All viewers <strong>of</strong> a stereoscopic image see <strong>the</strong> same th<strong>in</strong>g at <strong>the</strong> same time,<br />

this <strong>in</strong>dependently <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir position <strong>in</strong> relation to it.<br />

In <strong>the</strong> case <strong>of</strong> holography, as I have already mentioned to you, at a<br />

given moment each one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> viewers located opposite <strong>the</strong> holographic<br />

w<strong>in</strong>dow discovers a perspective that is different from that <strong>of</strong><br />

his neighbor. His perception is relative to his position <strong>in</strong> space-time.<br />

The specificity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> holographic representation is thus above all to<br />

relativize <strong>the</strong> view<strong>in</strong>g based on <strong>the</strong> spectator’s physical position.<br />

The Photojournalist<br />

Follow<strong>in</strong>g such praise <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> daguerreotype and <strong>the</strong> hologram, let me<br />

try to tell you about my experience with photographic representation.<br />

As for myself, I create documents. I document <strong>the</strong> social events that<br />

seem to unfold around us, outside <strong>of</strong> myself.<br />

I produce <strong>the</strong> items that are essential to <strong>the</strong> historian’s future work.<br />

But I am also <strong>the</strong> person through whom <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>formation passes among<br />

<strong>the</strong> actors who produce <strong>the</strong> event and <strong>the</strong> spectators <strong>of</strong> my images,<br />

near and far.<br />

At every moment <strong>of</strong> my photographic act, I select and manipulate <strong>the</strong><br />

visual <strong>in</strong>formation: By fram<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> image, through <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>stant that has<br />

been selected for <strong>the</strong> exposure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> film that is shut up <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> dark<br />

room, through <strong>the</strong> lens that will redirect <strong>the</strong> light’s rays, through <strong>the</strong><br />

choice <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> type <strong>of</strong> sensitive medium that will reta<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> memory <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> recorded scene, through <strong>the</strong> length <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> exhibition, through <strong>the</strong><br />

depth <strong>of</strong> fields that <strong>the</strong> backgrounds will or will not reveal, etc.<br />

Know that <strong>the</strong> photojournalist, like <strong>the</strong> hunter, is on <strong>the</strong> look-out. For<br />

what? For <strong>the</strong> coveted prey, <strong>of</strong> course. This <strong>in</strong>volves a prey selected <strong>by</strong><br />

him from among all <strong>the</strong> possible preys <strong>of</strong>fered <strong>by</strong> nature. He will chose<br />

<strong>the</strong> time he goes out, <strong>the</strong> spot from which he will watch, <strong>the</strong> weapon<br />

used, and <strong>the</strong> very cloth<strong>in</strong>g he will wear as a function <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> animal he<br />

hopes to kill and br<strong>in</strong>g back to his lair. All <strong>of</strong> this requires preparation.<br />

If I go <strong>of</strong>f hunt<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> wild boar, it is not highly probable I will return<br />

with bodies <strong>of</strong> pigeons. I will eventually f<strong>in</strong>d what I am look<strong>in</strong>g for.<br />

Just as <strong>the</strong> carab<strong>in</strong>eer comes back with <strong>the</strong> corpse <strong>of</strong> his selected prey,<br />

<strong>the</strong> photojournalist records <strong>the</strong> snapshots that he has sought. He will<br />

have to have done preparatory work <strong>in</strong> proper and due form before<br />

go<strong>in</strong>g and seiz<strong>in</strong>g his privileged <strong>in</strong>stants.<br />

The latter <strong>in</strong>cludes gett<strong>in</strong>g permits to enter <strong>the</strong> territory where <strong>the</strong><br />

sought after action is unfold<strong>in</strong>g or, ra<strong>the</strong>r, will unfold, <strong>the</strong> contacts<br />

necessary to get as close to it as possible, <strong>the</strong> f<strong>in</strong>anc<strong>in</strong>g that is <strong>in</strong>dispensable<br />

to achieve <strong>in</strong>-depth documentary work, <strong>the</strong> choice <strong>of</strong> equipment,<br />

and many o<strong>the</strong>r th<strong>in</strong>gs. Do you th<strong>in</strong>k I am <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> process <strong>of</strong><br />

m<strong>in</strong>imiz<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> importance <strong>of</strong> my job? Quite to <strong>the</strong> contrary. The<br />

events demand to be revealed, that is to say <strong>in</strong>terpreted, represented,<br />

put on stage. The photojournalist is a man <strong>of</strong> action. Beyond what he<br />

23


lets us see <strong>of</strong> a just disappeared event, he provides us with an op<strong>in</strong>ion.<br />

He is part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> action and <strong>of</strong>ten even <strong>in</strong>fluences it.<br />

The documentalist’s ma<strong>in</strong> problem is to create <strong>the</strong> documents that he<br />

believes <strong>in</strong>, those that will give him <strong>the</strong> feel<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> hav<strong>in</strong>g played <strong>the</strong><br />

role necessary for <strong>the</strong> unfold<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> action <strong>in</strong> which he takes part.<br />

But he knows that <strong>in</strong> order to exist, his images will have to be selected<br />

<strong>by</strong> editors, historians, conservators, and o<strong>the</strong>r key actors <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> f<strong>in</strong>al<br />

representation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> event. So it will be necessary to reach a compromise<br />

with <strong>the</strong>m.<br />

In this sense I agree with <strong>the</strong> holographer when he says that <strong>the</strong> photographic<br />

image is partial.<br />

The Portraitist<br />

It’s people like you who hijack photography from its mission. Just as<br />

<strong>the</strong> strong photographic portrait is <strong>the</strong> one that provides <strong>the</strong> face with<br />

all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> scratches generated <strong>by</strong> time, avoid<strong>in</strong>g greasepa<strong>in</strong>t and pos<strong>in</strong>g,<br />

and just as <strong>the</strong> social photograph must reduce <strong>the</strong> operator’s manipulat<strong>in</strong>g<br />

<strong>in</strong>tervention to a m<strong>in</strong>imum. The fram<strong>in</strong>g will be neutral. The<br />

lens that is used will be transparent and not distort. The moment <strong>the</strong><br />

shutter is released will br<strong>in</strong>g all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> data from <strong>the</strong> scene <strong>in</strong>to a<br />

unique, masterly image.<br />

The Photojournalist<br />

Can knowledge come from murder?<br />

In order to prove <strong>the</strong> rightfulness <strong>of</strong> what he is look<strong>in</strong>g for, <strong>the</strong> scientist<br />

dissects, deconstructs, <strong>in</strong>tervenes, provokes, and f<strong>in</strong>ally kills <strong>the</strong> liv<strong>in</strong>g<br />

th<strong>in</strong>g he has observed.<br />

Like him <strong>the</strong> photographer selects, composes, waits, provokes, releases<br />

<strong>the</strong> shutter, and kills <strong>the</strong> movement <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> photographed scene.<br />

What we call photographic truth is only a plastic <strong>in</strong>terpretation <strong>of</strong> a<br />

physical event that has just passed.<br />

Slightly before dawn, <strong>the</strong> Academy’s president put an end to <strong>the</strong> dispute.<br />

The crowd began its slow descent toward <strong>the</strong> heart <strong>of</strong> Jerusalem,<br />

tak<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>numerable paths that run all around Mount Scopus.<br />

Some walkers were silent while o<strong>the</strong>rs were try<strong>in</strong>g to catch <strong>the</strong>ir neighbors’<br />

attention. Among <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>numerable voices that surrounded me,<br />

some have rema<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong> my memory.<br />

One Teenaged Voice, As If Speak<strong>in</strong>g to Himself<br />

If, <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> f<strong>in</strong>al analysis, <strong>the</strong> photograph does not represent <strong>the</strong> Real but<br />

is content with giv<strong>in</strong>g a formal <strong>in</strong>terpretation <strong>of</strong> it, <strong>the</strong> science based<br />

on <strong>the</strong>se photographic images would <strong>the</strong>n only be a dependency <strong>of</strong><br />

poetry and philosophy. It would ga<strong>in</strong> from mistrust<strong>in</strong>g its own sufficiency.<br />

Might <strong>the</strong>re be room for a science <strong>of</strong> nature that would not just be materialist?<br />

Ano<strong>the</strong>r Voice<br />

The scientist is <strong>the</strong> bro<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> portraitist and <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> daguerrotypist<br />

<strong>in</strong> particular. Both <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m claim to provide an image <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> real as it<br />

is. The only th<strong>in</strong>g is that <strong>the</strong> features <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> face are fugitive just as nature<br />

is steeped <strong>in</strong> a permanent movement that seems to drag it heaven<br />

only knows where.<br />

24


A Somewhat Grandiloquent Voice That Seemed to Want to Attack Me<br />

The holographic representation is <strong>the</strong> enemy <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> portraitist and <strong>the</strong><br />

scientist as well as <strong>the</strong> documentalist. All three swear only <strong>by</strong> <strong>the</strong> s<strong>in</strong>gle-eyed<br />

photographic image, and <strong>the</strong> stereoscopic image at that.<br />

As for holography, it does not claim to provide an exhaustive response<br />

to <strong>the</strong> mysteries <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> world. It leaves <strong>the</strong> door wide open to a plurality<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>terpretations <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> universe. But it <strong>in</strong>volves a frozen representation.<br />

Two Photography Pr<strong>of</strong>essors Speak<strong>in</strong>g to Each O<strong>the</strong>r<br />

Is <strong>the</strong> image reported <strong>by</strong> me evidence <strong>of</strong> a past event that reportedly took<br />

place <strong>in</strong> all events, even outside <strong>of</strong> my presence, or ra<strong>the</strong>r was I one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

players <strong>in</strong> a ceremony staged <strong>by</strong> a hidden artist? Am I <strong>the</strong> witness to an<br />

<strong>in</strong>dependent gesture <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> transmission tool that I activate?<br />

Only <strong>the</strong> poacher <strong>of</strong> images might be able to claim to occupy a po<strong>in</strong>t <strong>of</strong><br />

view that is different from that <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hunter who has been approved <strong>by</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> communications m<strong>in</strong>istry.<br />

So <strong>the</strong> photographer will ga<strong>in</strong> from accept<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> fact that his images<br />

are <strong>the</strong> result <strong>of</strong> a manipulation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> material shapes reflected <strong>by</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

real. A photograph is perforce a photograph <strong>of</strong> someth<strong>in</strong>g and <strong>the</strong> photographic<br />

representation that I give <strong>of</strong> it will perforce be distant from<br />

<strong>the</strong> essence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> recorded event.<br />

And, lower down <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> valley, as we were go<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>to <strong>the</strong><br />

city’s <strong>in</strong>habited neighborhoods, an old man’s sweet voice<br />

whispered <strong>in</strong>to my ear<br />

Everyth<strong>in</strong>g is but <strong>the</strong> representation <strong>of</strong> a representation, which is itself<br />

<strong>the</strong> representation <strong>of</strong> a represention, and this goes on without end. Material<br />

and photography, its tw<strong>in</strong> sister, form <strong>the</strong> two f<strong>in</strong>al stages <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

representation <strong>of</strong> an <strong>in</strong>visible, hidden, hypo<strong>the</strong>tical, and absent absolute.<br />

Gérard <strong>Allon</strong><br />

Jaffa, June 2009<br />

Translated <strong>by</strong> Charles S. F<strong>in</strong>eman<br />

25


AC K N OW L E D G E M E N T S<br />

My deep thanks to Charles Berl<strong>in</strong> and Violet Radn<strong>of</strong>sky for <strong>the</strong>ir <strong>in</strong>terest <strong>in</strong> my work. They made it<br />

possible for me to digitize most <strong>of</strong> my photographic images and make <strong>the</strong>m available to researchers and<br />

<strong>the</strong> general public through <strong>the</strong> Internet. The publication <strong>of</strong> this catalog is a fur<strong>the</strong>r encouragement to<br />

me <strong>in</strong> pursu<strong>in</strong>g my artistic work.<br />

Thank you to Elizabeth Vernon for her significant contribution <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> preparation <strong>of</strong> this catalog.<br />

Thank you to Nissan N. Perez for his <strong>in</strong>valuable <strong>in</strong>troductory text to this volume. Our meet<strong>in</strong>gs over <strong>the</strong><br />

years have encouraged me to cont<strong>in</strong>ue my photographic and c<strong>in</strong>ematographic research.<br />

Thank you to Charles S. F<strong>in</strong>eman for his excellent English translation <strong>of</strong> my "Dispute Over Photonic<br />

Representations."<br />

Thank you to my friend Shai Zauderer for his <strong>in</strong>valuable advice dur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> layout <strong>of</strong> this catalog.<br />

F<strong>in</strong>ally thank you to my wife Henriette for her constant support.<br />

— Gérard <strong>Allon</strong><br />

26


IMA KURAG’ | BERTOLD BRECHT | HABIMAH, 1975


TS’ERLI KA-TSERLI | ILAN RONEN | KHAN THEATRE, 1978


FANSHEN | DAVID HARE | KHAN THEATRE, 1978


BI-DEMI YAMEHA | SHMUEL YOSEF AGNON<br />

KHAN THEATRE, 1977


MASHIAH BA! MASHIAH BA! | SLAWOMIR MROZ’EK | KHAN THEATRE,1978


OEDIPUS THE KING | SOPHOCLES | HABIMAH, 1977


AKHZAR MI-KOL HA-MELEKH | NISSIM ALONI | HABIMAH, 1997


MITOS | RANEH YERUSHALMI | ITIM THEATER ENSEMBLE, 2002


BA-MILHAMAH KEMO BA-MILHAMAH<br />

ILAN RONEN | HABIMAH, 2002


AKEV AKILES | ILAN RONEN | HABIMAH, 2002


MEHAKIM LE-GODO<br />

SAMUEL BECKETT | HABIMAH, 2002


NAMER HAVARBUROT | YA’AKOV SHABTAI | HABIMAH, 2006


AMADEUS | PETER SHAFFER | CAMERI, 2009


DONYAH ROSITAH | FEDERICO GARCIA LORCA | CAMERI, 2004


DEVORAH BARON | JUDITH KATZIR | CAMERI, 2004


MA’GAL HA-GIR HA-KAVKAZI | BERTOLD BRECHT | HABIMAH, 2000


SHELOMOH HA-MELEKH VE-SHALMAI HA-SANDLAR | SAMUEL GRONEMANN | HABIMAH, 2005


BUSTAN SEPHARADI | YTSHAK NAVON | HABIMAH, 1998


IRAM SHEL HA-ANASHIM HA-KETANIM<br />

SHOLEM ALEICHEM | HERZLIYA ENSEMBLE, 2009


HEVRON | TAMIR GREENBERG | HABIMAH-CAMERI, 2007


AYIN 17 | SHAI LAHAV | CAMERI, 2009


HA-DEREKH LE-’EN HAROD | AMOS KENAN | FESTIVAL HA-YISRE’ELI LE-TE’ATRON AHER | ACRE, 2004


MAMI | HILEL MITELPUNKT | HABIMAH, 2002


DON PERLIMPLIN | FEDERICO GARCÍA LORCA | KHAN THEATRE, 2000


G’ONI HALAKH | ELDAD ZIV, JONATHAN GEFEN | CAMERI, 2010


JULIUS CAESAR | WILLIAM SHAKESPEAR | HABIMAH, 1999


SHEMO HOLEKH LE-FANAV | EPHRAIM KISHON | CAMERI-HAIFA THEATER, 2008


HA-MEKHASHEFAH | ABRAHAM GOLDFADEN | HABIMAH, 2000


HAYAH O LO HAYAH | EDNAH MAZYA | CAMERI, 2007


SHAVU’AH | SHELOMI MOSHKOVITS | HABIMAH, 2004


ZUGIYUT, RUTI MECHAGAT | SHAI GOLDEN | HABIMAH, 2004


MIKHTAV AHAVAH | FERNANDO ARABAL | HABIMAH, 2003


HA-HEDER SHEL VARONIKAH | IRA LEVIN | HABIMAH, 1997


MEDEA | EURIPIDES | HABIMAH, 1998


KADISH LE-NO’OMI | ALLEN GINSBERG | HABIMAH, 2000


MILHAMAH | LARS NORN | HABIMAH, 2005


ARTON | AHARON ‘EZRA | HABIMAH, 2004


KEN HA KUKIA | DALE VASSERMAN | HABIMAH, 1999


MILKUD 22 | JOSEPH HELLER | HABIMAH, 1997


MOTO SHEL SOKHEN | ARTHUR MILLER | HABIMAH, 2003


BIGDE HA-MELEKH | NISIM ALONI | HABIMAH, 2004


HA-TAHANAH SHEL DON KIHOTEH | GILAD EVRON | HERZLIYA ENSEMBLE, 2008


ANAH KARENINAH | LEV TOLSTOI | HABIMAH, 2007


GESHEM SHAHOR | SHIMON BOUZAGLO | HERZLIYA ENSEMBLE-HAIFA THEATER, 2007


KOLOT BA-LAILAH<br />

YEHOSHU’A SOBOL | CAMERI, 2009


EPHIGENIA IN AULIS | EURIPIDES, SHIMON BOUZAGLO | HERZLIYA ENSEMBLE-HAIFA THEATER, 2009


KETER BA-ROSH<br />

YAAKOV SHABTAI | HABIMAH, 2004


TUVYAH HA-HALBAN | SHOLEM ALEICHEM | YIDISHPIL 2003


ALIS BE-ERETS HA-PELA’OT | LEWIS CARROLL | HABIMAH, 2003


AKHZAR VE-RAHUM<br />

SOPHOCLES | HABIMAH, 2005


HA-DIBUK-BEIN CHNEI OLAMOT | S. AN-SKI | HABIMAH, 1998


TASHMAD | SHEMU’EL ASIFRI | HABIMAH, 2003


PESHUTAH | MIKI ROTSHTAIN | HABIMAH | PERFORMED IN FESTIVAL TE’ATRONETO 2007


YALDE HA-TSEL | TOMER BENTSIYON | YIDISHPIL, 2007


ANTIGONAH<br />

SOPHOCLES | HABIMAH-CAMERI, 2006


P H OTO G R A P H S B Y G É R A R D A L LO N


L I S T O F P H OTO G R A P H S<br />

Ima Kurag’ (Mutter Courage und ihre K<strong>in</strong>der) (1975) 28-29<br />

Ts’erli Kats’erli (1978) 30-31<br />

Fanshen (1977) 32-33<br />

Bi-demi yameha (1977) 34<br />

Mashiah ba! Mashiah ba! (Testarium) (1978) 35<br />

Edipus ha-melekh (Oedipus Rex) (1977) 36-37<br />

Akhzar mi-kol ha-melekh (1997) 38-41<br />

Mitos (Oresteia) (2002) 42-43<br />

Ba-milhamah kemo ba-milhamah (2002) 44-45<br />

Akev Akhiles (2002) 46-47<br />

Mehakim le-Godo (En attendant Godot) (2002) 48-51<br />

Namer havarburot (2006) 52-53<br />

Amade’us (Amadeus) (2009) 54-55<br />

Donyah Rositah (Doña Rosita la Soltera) (2001) 56<br />

Devorah Baron (2000) 57<br />

Ma‘gal ha-gir ha-Kavkazi (Der kaukasische Kreidekreis) (1999) 58-59<br />

Shelomoh ha-melekh ve-Shalmai ha-sandlar<br />

(König Salomo und der Schuster) (2005) 60-61<br />

Bustan Sefaradi (1998) 62-63<br />

Iram shel ha-anashim ha-ketanim (2009) 64-65<br />

Hevron (2007) 66-69<br />

Ay<strong>in</strong> 17 (2009) 70<br />

Ha-derekh le-‘En Harod (2004) 71<br />

Mami (2002) 72-73<br />

Don Perlimpl<strong>in</strong> (Amor de Don Perlimpl<strong>in</strong> con Belisa<br />

en su jardín) (2000) 74-75<br />

G’oni halakh (2010) 76<br />

Yulyus Kesar (Julius Caesar) (1999) 77<br />

Shemo holekh le-fanav (2008) 78<br />

Ha-mekhashefah (2000) 79<br />

Hayah o lo hayah (2007) 80-81<br />

Shavu‘a (2004) 82-83<br />

Zugiyut: Ruti meshuga‘at (2004) 84-85<br />

Mikhtav ahavah (Carta de amor) (1999) 86<br />

Ha-heder shel Varonikah (Veronica’s Room) (1997) 87<br />

129


Mede’ah (Medea) (1998) 88-89<br />

Kadish le-No‘omi (Kaddish for Naomi G<strong>in</strong>sberg<br />

(1894-1956)) (2000) 90-93<br />

Milhamah (Krig) (2005) 94-95<br />

Arton (2004) 96-97<br />

Ken ha-kukiyah (One Flew over <strong>the</strong> Cuckoo’s Nest) (1999) 98-99<br />

Milkud 22 (Catch 22) (1997) 100-101<br />

Moto shel sokhen (Death <strong>of</strong> a Salesman) (2003) 102<br />

Bigde ha-melekh (2004) 103<br />

Ha-ta‘anah shel Don Kihoteh (2008) 104-105<br />

Anah Karen<strong>in</strong>ah (Anna Karen<strong>in</strong>a) (2007) 106-107<br />

Geshem shahor (2007) 108-109<br />

Kolot ba-lailah (2009) 110<br />

Ifigenyah be-Aulis (Ephigenia <strong>in</strong> Aulis) (2009) 111<br />

Keter ba-rosh (2004) 112<br />

Tevyeh der milkhiker (2003) 113<br />

Alis be-erets ha-pela’ot (Alice <strong>in</strong> Wonderland) (2003) 114-115<br />

Akhzar ve-rahum (Cruel and Tender) (2005) 116-117<br />

Ha-dibuk: ben shene olamot (Dibek) (1998) 118-121<br />

Tashmad (2005) 122<br />

Peshutah (2007) 123<br />

K<strong>in</strong>der fun shotn (Yalde ha-tsel) (2007) 124<br />

Antigonah (Antigone) (2006) 125-127<br />

130


I N D E X B Y T I T L E O F P H OTO G R A P H S<br />

(Note: Plays translated <strong>in</strong>to Hebrew are listed under both <strong>the</strong> title <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Hebrew translation and <strong>the</strong> orig<strong>in</strong>al title.)<br />

Title<br />

Page(s)<br />

Akev Akhiles 46-47<br />

Akhzar mi-kol ha-melekh 38-41<br />

Akhzar ve-rahum (Cruel and Tender) 116-117<br />

Alice <strong>in</strong> Wonderland 114-115<br />

Alis be-erets ha-pela’ot (Alice <strong>in</strong> Wonderland) 114-115<br />

Amadeus 54-55<br />

Amade’us (Amadeus) 54-55<br />

Amor de Don Perlimpl<strong>in</strong> con Belisa en su jardín 74-75<br />

Anah Karen<strong>in</strong>ah (Anna Karen<strong>in</strong>a) 106-107<br />

Anna Karen<strong>in</strong>a 106-107<br />

Antigonah (Antigone) 125-127<br />

Antigone 125-127<br />

Arton 96-97<br />

Ay<strong>in</strong> 17 70<br />

Ba-milhamah kemo ba-milhamah 44-45<br />

Bi-demi yameha 34<br />

Bigde ha-melekh 103<br />

Bustan Sefaradi 62-63<br />

Carta de amor 86<br />

Catch 22 100-101<br />

Cruel and Tender 116-117<br />

Death <strong>of</strong> a Salesman 102<br />

Ha-derekh le-‘En Harod 71<br />

Devorah Baron 57<br />

Dibek 118-121<br />

Ha-dibuk: ben shene olamot (Dibek) 118-121<br />

Don Perlimpl<strong>in</strong> (Amor de Don Perlimpl<strong>in</strong> con Belisa en su jardín) 74-75<br />

Doña Rosita la Soltera 56<br />

Donyah Rositah (Doña Rosita la Soltera) 56<br />

Edipus ha-melekh (Oedipus Rex) 36-37<br />

En attendant Godot 48-51<br />

Ephigenia <strong>in</strong> Aulis 111<br />

Fanshen 32-33<br />

Geshem shahor 108-109<br />

G’oni halakh 76<br />

Hayah o lo hayah 80-81<br />

131


Ha-heder shel Varonikah (Veronica’s Room) 87<br />

Hevron 66-69<br />

Ifigenyah be-Aulis (Ephigenia <strong>in</strong> Aulis) 111<br />

Ima Kurag’ (Mutter Courage und ihre K<strong>in</strong>der) 28-29<br />

Iram shel ha-anashim ha-ketanim 64-65<br />

Julius Caesar 77<br />

Kaddish for Naomi G<strong>in</strong>sberg (1894-1956) 90-93<br />

Kadish le-No‘omi (Kaddish for Naomi G<strong>in</strong>sberg (1894-1956)) 90-93<br />

Der kaukasische Kreidekreis 58-59<br />

Ken ha-kukiyah (One Flew over <strong>the</strong> Cuckoo’s Nest) 98-99<br />

Keter ba-rosh 112<br />

K<strong>in</strong>der fun shotn (Yalde ha-tsel) 124<br />

Kolot ba-lailah 110<br />

König Salomo und der Schuster 60-61<br />

Krig 94-95<br />

Ma‘gal ha-gir ha-Kavkazi (Der kaukasische Kreidekreis) 58-59<br />

Mami 72-73<br />

Mashiah ba! Mashiah ba! (Testarium) 35<br />

Medea 88-89<br />

Mede’ah (Medea) 88-89<br />

Mehakim le-Godo (En attendant Godot) 48-51<br />

Ha-mekhashefah 79<br />

Mikhtav ahavah (Carta de amor) 86<br />

Milhamah (Krig) 94-95<br />

Milkud 22 (Catch 22) 100-101<br />

Mitos (Oresteia) 42-43<br />

Moto shel sokhen (Death <strong>of</strong> a Salesman) 102<br />

Mutter Courage und ihre K<strong>in</strong>der 28-29<br />

Namer havarburot 52-53<br />

Oedipus Rex 36-37<br />

One Flew over <strong>the</strong> Cuckoo’s Nest 98-99<br />

Oresteia 42-43<br />

Peshutah 123<br />

Shavu‘a 82-83<br />

Shelomoh ha-melekh ve-Shalmai ha-sandlar<br />

(König Salomo und der Schuster) 60-61<br />

Shemo holekh le-fanav 78<br />

Ha-ta‘anah shel Don Kihoteh 104-105<br />

Tashmad 122<br />

Testarium 35<br />

Tevyeh der milkhiker 113<br />

Ts’erli Kats’erli 30-31<br />

Veronica’s Room 87<br />

Yalde ha-tsel 124<br />

Yulyus Kesar (Julius Caesar) 77<br />

Zugiyut: Ruti meshuga‘at 84-85<br />

132


I N V E N TO RY O F G É R A R D A L LO N P H OTO G R A P H S<br />

I N T H E H A RVA R D L I B R A RY<br />

For more <strong>in</strong>formation on each list<strong>in</strong>g, consult <strong>the</strong> entry <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Library’s HOLLIS or VIA onl<strong>in</strong>e catalogs.<br />

THEATER<br />

Ha-festival ha-Yisre’eli le-te’atron aher<br />

The Acre Festival <strong>of</strong> Alternative Israeli Theater<br />

2004 Acre Festival <strong>of</strong> Alternative Israeli Theater: outdoors<br />

(JPCDPIA111) (47 images)<br />

2004 Ha-derekh le-‘En Harod (JPCDPIA106) (206 images)<br />

2004 Kidmah (JPCDPIA107) (201 images)<br />

2004 Mah at hoshevet?: mivhan Mikhal Haiman mis. 3 (JPCDPIA109)<br />

(157 images)<br />

2004 Manu melekh Atlantis (JPCDPIA108) (196 images)<br />

2004 Yom be-hayenu (JPCDPIA110) (191 images)<br />

2005 Bavel (JPCDPIA224) (111 images)<br />

2005 Blond<strong>in</strong>it ad ke’ev (JPCDPIA223) (195 images)<br />

2005 Edipus: modelim (JPCDPIA226) (36 images)<br />

2005 Ha-impotentim (JPCDPIA218) (227 images)<br />

2005 Perumot (JPCDPIA222) (39 images)<br />

2005 Pisul ke-te’atron 2005 (JPCDPIA225) (33 images)<br />

2005 Setirah u-fetsa be-yam shel kerishim (JPCDPIA219) (148 images)<br />

2005 Shmeterl<strong>in</strong>g (JPCDPIA220) (48 images)<br />

2005 Ve-gar ze’ev im keves (JPCDPIA251) (226 images)<br />

2005 Ha-zirah (JPCDPIA221) (279 images)<br />

2007 Mar olam (JPCDPIAO72) (124 images)<br />

2007 Trankilah (JPCDPIAO69, JPCDPIAO70) (200, 15 images)<br />

2007 Yoshvim (JPCDPIAO71) (95 images)<br />

2007 Zeh kemo la-haros rak hafukh (JPCDPIAO68) (100 images)<br />

Festival Te’atroneto<br />

Teatroneto Festival<br />

2001 Anah, Hanah ve-Yohanah (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA72)<br />

(44 images)<br />

2001 Heshbonit ha-nefesh (JPCDPIA51) (79 images)<br />

2001 Imahot ba-kikar (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA73) (101 images)<br />

2004 Ani ve-hu: Ya’akov Kohen bohek Shaikeh Ofir (staged <strong>by</strong><br />

Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA42) (187 images)<br />

2004 Ha-besorah al-pi Yosi (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA43) (88 images)<br />

2004 Be-tsohore ha-yom (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA31) (105 images)<br />

2004 G’enis: Re’ayon im agadat rok (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA41)<br />

(238 images)<br />

133


2004 Oskar ve-dodah Rozah (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA15)<br />

(152 images)<br />

2004 Street (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA32) (6 images)<br />

2005 Ad efes makom (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA163) (177 images)<br />

2005 Ani relevanti aday<strong>in</strong>! (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA166)<br />

(136 images)<br />

2005 Aravim rokdim (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA165) (130 images)<br />

2005 Bo (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA164) (128 images)<br />

2005 Falos ha-kadosh (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA168) (146 images)<br />

2005 Gili (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA170) (77 images)<br />

2005 Giyur le-humrah (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA169) (155 images)<br />

2005 Hagar (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA161) (161 images)<br />

2005 Kevar lo yaldah shel af ehad (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA160)<br />

(146 images)<br />

2005 Mi heziz et ha-sherafraf sheli (JPCDPIA171) (160 images)<br />

2005 Ovdim zarim (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah and Sem<strong>in</strong>ar ha-kibutsim’s Bet<br />

ha-sefer le-omanuyot ha-bamah.) (JPCDPIA188) (178 images)<br />

2005 Pulsa ve-nura (staged <strong>by</strong> Gesher) (JPCDPIA189) (90 images)<br />

2005 Shirli Valenta<strong>in</strong> (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA162) (264 images)<br />

2005 Shovrim shetikah (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah and Sem<strong>in</strong>ar ha-kibutsim’s<br />

Bet ha-sefer le-omanuyot ha-bamah.) (JPCDPIA187) (183 images)<br />

2005 Te’atron meha-seratim (Yoram Lev<strong>in</strong>ste<strong>in</strong> Act<strong>in</strong>g Studio)<br />

(JPCDPIA167) (193 images)<br />

2006 Bertah ve-omanut ha-tahzukah (JPCDPIAO121) (186 images)<br />

2006 Bi-tevah yerikah (JPCDPIAO122) (185 images)<br />

2006 Ha-gerush<strong>in</strong> ha-nifla’im sheli (JPCDPIAO124) (89 images)<br />

2006 Gever ehad (JPCDPIAO120) (197 images)<br />

2006 Ha-geveret ha-rishonah shel ha-Raikh ha-shelishi (staged <strong>by</strong><br />

Te’atron Giv’atayim) (JPCDPIAO114) (195 images)<br />

2006 Iyov, haluk ha-nahal veha-pil (JPCDPIAO123) (194 images)<br />

2006 Open<strong>in</strong>g night <strong>of</strong> Teatroneto 2006 (staged <strong>by</strong> Suzanne Dellal<br />

Centre for Dance and Theatre) (JPCDPIAO129) (65 images)<br />

2006 Performances dur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> Teatroneto Festival staged <strong>by</strong> Sem<strong>in</strong>ar<br />

ha-Kibutsim’s Bet ha-sefer le-omanuyot ha-bamah<br />

(JPCDPIAO115) (182 images)<br />

2006 Tom: mevusas al shum davar (JPCDPIAO125) (139 images)<br />

2007 Bediduti ha-yekarah (staged <strong>by</strong> Bet Tsevi) (JPCDPIAO142)<br />

(182 images)<br />

2007 Be-khele Ako (JPCDPIAO92) (55 images)<br />

2007 Gernikah (JPCDPIAO93) (25 images)<br />

2007 Kakhah zeh karah (staged <strong>by</strong> Gesher) (JPCDPIAO94) (95 images)<br />

2007 Karu‘a (staged <strong>by</strong> ha-Merkaz le-te’atron shel Ako) (JPCDPIAO97)<br />

(102 images)<br />

2007 Me-‘avdut le-hishta‘bedut, eru‘a hatsot (staged <strong>by</strong> Sem<strong>in</strong>ar<br />

ha-kibutsim’s Bet ha-sefer le-omanuyot ha-bamah)<br />

(JPCDPIAO96) (145 images)<br />

2007 Mishehu nafal (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Han) (JPCDPIAO95) (51 images)<br />

2007 Ha-moreh le-mishak (JPCDPIAO147) (133 images)<br />

2007 Peshutah (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIAO17) (193 images)<br />

2007 Ha-rehov shelanu (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (Kevutsat ha-te’atron<br />

shel Gai Zu-Arets) (JPCDPIAO98) (112 images)<br />

2008 Al ta‘aseh li misken poh (JPCDPIAO101) (37 images)<br />

2008 Ashrai (JPCDPIAO102) (131 images)<br />

2008 Balon (JPCDPIAO103) (98 images)<br />

2008 Itruf (JPCDPIAO100) (147 images)<br />

2008 Lamah davka ani (JPCDPIAO105) (119 images)<br />

2008 O lo li-heyot (JPCDPIAO99) (91 images)<br />

2008 Oseh ha-nifla’ot (JPCDPIAO106) (101 images)<br />

2008 Yehudi zaken blond<strong>in</strong>it (JPCDPIAO104) (108 images)<br />

Ha-Bimah, ha-te’atron ha-le’umi<br />

Ha-Bimah National Theatre <strong>of</strong> Israel<br />

1975 Edi K<strong>in</strong>g (JPCDPIA207) (65 images)<br />

1975 Ima Kurag’ (JPCDPIA102) (109 images)<br />

1975 Ha-otsar (JPCDPIA103) (200 images)<br />

1975 Yosefah (JPCDPIA88) (210 images)<br />

1976 Ha-gag (JPCDPIA104) (185 images)<br />

1976 Ha-Bimah promo 1976 (JPCDPIA153) (37 images)<br />

1976 Israel’s president at Ima Kurag’ performance (JPCDPIA190)<br />

(99 images)<br />

1976 Oyev ha-‘am: stage poster (JPCDPIA154) (35 images)<br />

134


1976 Rits’ard ha-shelishi (JPCDPIA105) (210 images)<br />

1977 Edipus ha-melekh (JPCDPIA208) (200 images)<br />

1977 Nisu’e Figaro (JPCDPIAO136) (200 images)<br />

1977 Shemo holekh le-fanav (JPCDPIA191) (232 images)<br />

1981 Nisu’e Figaro (JPCDPIAO137, JPCDPIAO138) (200, 33 images)<br />

1982 Kahir, Febru’ar 78 (JPCDPIAO139) (152 images)<br />

1997 Akhzar mi-kol ha-melekh (JPCDPIA245) (250 images)<br />

1997 Al ha-hayim ve-‘al ha-mavet (JPCDPIA244) (279 images)<br />

1997 Dudu Elharar mesaper ve-shar (JPCDPIA248) (171 images)<br />

1997 Ha-heder shel Varonikah (JPCDPIA246) (245 images)<br />

1997 Milkud 22 (JPCDPIA215) (260 images)<br />

1997 Sipure Ha-Bimah (JPCDPIA10) (134 images)<br />

1998 Anah Vais (JPCDPIA49) (209 images)<br />

1998 Bustan Sefaradi: promo (JPCDPIA211) (169 images)<br />

1998 Ha-dibuk: ben shene olamot (JPCDPIA256) (32 images)<br />

1998 Karov yoter (JPCDPIA239) (200 images)<br />

1998 Mede’ah (JPCDPIA97) (226 images)<br />

1998 Purim 1998: street (JPCDPIA249) ( 138 images)<br />

1999 Ken ha-kukiyah (JPCDPIA86) (230 images)<br />

1999 Lo biglal ha-zikhronot (JPCDPIA243) (123 images)<br />

1999 Ma‘gal ha-gir ha-Kavkazi (JPCDPIA48) (208 images)<br />

1999 Mikhtav ahavah (JPCDPIA82) (216 images)<br />

2000 Kadish le-No‘omi (JPCDPIA237, JPCDPIA237A) (181, 221<br />

images)<br />

2000 Karish patish (JPCDPIA56) (142 images)<br />

2000 Mar’eh me‘al ha-gesher (JPCDPIA52) (202 images)<br />

2000 Mehilah (JPCDPIA214) (120 images)<br />

2000 Monologim meha-vag<strong>in</strong>ah (JPCDPIA68) (208 images)<br />

2000 Naser a-D<strong>in</strong> (JPCDPIA241) (218 images)<br />

2000 Neshikat eshet ha-akavish (JPCDPIA238) (284 images)<br />

2000 Pargodim (JPCDPIA65, JPCDPIA65A) (230, 100 images)<br />

2001 Shed katan (JPCDPIA54) (69 images)<br />

2001 Yomanah shel Anah Frank (JPCDPIA66) (201 images)<br />

2002 Akev Akhiles (JPCDPIA257) (200 images)<br />

2002 Ba-milhamah kemo ba-milhamah (JPCDPIA74) (201 images)<br />

2002 Mami (JPCDPIA60) (209 images)<br />

2002 Mehakim le-Godo (JPCDPIA45) (218 images)<br />

2002 Prizes 2002 (JPCDPIA209) (118 images)<br />

2002 Tamarah (JPCDPIA61) (194 images)<br />

2003 Alis be-erets ha-pela’ot (JPCDPIA80) (227 images)<br />

2003 Avanim ba-kisim (JPCDPIA95) (197 images)<br />

2003 The fossil (JPCDPIA78) (187 images)<br />

2003 Ha-hayim be-shalosh girsa’ot (JPCDPIA63) (259 images)<br />

2003 Kahol/tapuz (JPCDPIA79) (172 images)<br />

2003 Kefu’im (JPCDPIA44) (207 images)<br />

2003 Ha-komika’im (JPCDPIA92) (212 images)<br />

2003 Kufsah shehorah (JPCDPIA91) (222 images)<br />

2003 La-lekhet ad ha-s<strong>of</strong> (JPCDPIA90) (216 images)<br />

2003 Lev tov (JPCDPIA89) (216 images)<br />

2003 Madrikh la-metayel be-Varshah (JPCDPIA96) (217 images)<br />

2003 Ha-mekhashefah (JPCDPIA47) (204 images)<br />

2003 Meri Lu (JPCDPIA62) (249 images)<br />

2003 Milhemet ahim (JPCDPIA93) (229 images)<br />

2003 M<strong>in</strong>yan nashim (JPCDPIA46) (213 images)<br />

2003 Mishpahah (JPCDPIA50) (203 images)<br />

2003 Moto shel sokhen (JPCDPIA64) (212 images)<br />

2003 Ha-ne’ehavim veha-ne‘imim (JPCDPIA81, JPCDPIA81A)<br />

(286, 200 images)<br />

2003 Ohavim et Opal (JPCDPIA59) (203 images)<br />

2003 Tahtonim (JPCDPIA77) (161 images)<br />

2003 Tsurah le-ahavah (JPCDPIA57) (211 images)<br />

2003 Yulyus Kesar (JPCDPIA87) (222 images)<br />

2004 Anashim kashim (JPCDPIA85) (258 images)<br />

2004 Arton (JPCDPIA14) (267 images)<br />

2004 Ha-barvazon: ha-mahazemer (JPCDPIA4) (213 images)<br />

2004 Bigde ha-melekh (JPCDPIA100A) (160 images)<br />

2004 Hatul rehov (JPCDPIA83, JPCDPIA83A) (236, 100 images)<br />

2004 Hodesh ba-kefar (JPCDPIA133) (200 images)<br />

2004 Ken ha-kukiyah (JPCDPIA86) (230 images)<br />

2004 Keter ba-rosh (JPCDPIA101) (200 images)<br />

2004 Parparim hem h<strong>of</strong>shiyim (JPCDPIA75) (219 images)<br />

2004 Shavu‘a (JPCDPIA84) (208 images)<br />

2004 Shemoneh nashim (JPCDPIA136) (241 images)<br />

2004 Ha-sirpad shel ha-shakhen (JPCDPIA35) (184 images)<br />

135


2004 Ha-snob (JPCDPIA33) (165 images)<br />

2004 Tel Aviv ha-ketanah (JPCDPIA34) (205 images)<br />

2004 Zarim: atah kise, ani mayim (JPCDPIA76) (229 images)<br />

2004 Zugiyut: Ruti meshuga‘at (JPCDPIA3) (236 images)<br />

2005 Akhzar ve-rahum (JPCDPIA242) (196 images)<br />

2005 Bustan Sefaradi: Spectacle (JPCDPIA210) (172 images)<br />

2005 Ha-ez o mi zot Silviyah? (JPCDPIA194) (267 images)<br />

2005 Ha-keves ha-shishah asar (JPCDPIA247) (136 images)<br />

2005 Mevaker ha-med<strong>in</strong>ah 2005 (JPCDPIA193) (257 images)<br />

2005 Milhamah: mahazeh moderni (JPCDPIA195) (170 images)<br />

2005 Mo‘adon ha-almanot ha-alizot (JPCDPIA192) (277 images)<br />

2005 Ha-nesigah mi-Moskvah (JPCDPIA135) (280 images)<br />

2005 Pati Difuzyah (JPCDPIA212) (270 images)<br />

2005 Shelomoh ha-melekh ve-Shalmai ha-sandlar (JPCDPIA134)<br />

(200 images)<br />

2005 Tashmad (JPCDPIA132) (200 images)<br />

2005 Taxi (JPCDPIA213) (278 images)<br />

2005 Zeman emet (JPCDPIA198) (280 images)<br />

2006 Antigonah (JPCDPIAO22, JPCDPIAO134, JPCDPIAO135)<br />

(299, 200, 161 images)<br />

2006 Hatunah mushlemet (JPCDPIAO107, JPCDPIAO108)<br />

(200, 110 images)<br />

2006 Namer havarburot (JPCDPIA240) (244 images)<br />

2006 Nudnik (JPCDPIAO130, JPCDPIAO131) (200, 170 images)<br />

2006 Perurim (JPCDPIAO112, JPCDPIAO113) (200, 118 images)<br />

2006 Rekhush natush (JPCDPIAO127, JPCDPIAO128) (200, 153 images)<br />

2006 Romantikah (JPCDPIAO12, JPCDPIAO13) (253, 300 images)<br />

2006 Sonatat setav (JPCDPIAO132, JPCDPIAO133) (200, 192 images)<br />

2006 Teip (JPCDPIAO109, JPCDPIAO110) (200, 126 images)<br />

2006 Tekufat histaglut (JPCDPIAO116, JPCDPIAO117)<br />

(200, 196 images)<br />

2007 39 ha-madregot (JPCDPIAO1, JPCDPIAO2, JPCDPIAO3,<br />

JPCDPIAO4) (102, 258, 200, 59 images)<br />

2007 Anah Karen<strong>in</strong>ah (JPCDPIAO21) (284 images)<br />

2007 Hevron (JPCDPIAO9, JPCDPIAO10, JPCDPIAO11)<br />

(224, 200, 200 images)<br />

2007 Ha-moah ha-gavri (JPCDPIAO31) (21 images)<br />

2007 Ha-nehag shel mis Deizi (JPCDPIAO7, JPCDPIAO8)<br />

(264, 200 images)<br />

2007 Ogust (JPCDPIAO23) (267 images)<br />

2007 Sedakim ba-beton (JPCDPIAO38) (234 images)<br />

2007 Temunot me-haye nisuʼ<strong>in</strong> (JPCDPIAO14, JPCDPIAO15)<br />

(272, 200 images)<br />

2007 Ha-yeled (JPCDPIAO16) (252 images)<br />

2008 Ha-hagigah (JPCDPIAO28) (299 images)<br />

2008 Kol ha-hayim le-fanav (JPCDPIAO33) (218 images)<br />

2008 Ha-mahaloket (JPCDPIAO30) (249 images)<br />

2008 Shaʻah yafah le-yogah (JPCDPIAO25) (192 images)<br />

2008 Yosef u-khetonet ha-pasim ha-meshagaʻat (JPCDPIAO40)<br />

(289 images)<br />

2009 Begidah (JPCDPIAO24) (178 images)<br />

2009 Dibukim (JPCDPIAO26) (202 images)<br />

2009 El<strong>in</strong>g (JPCDPIAO27) (256 images)<br />

2009 Iyolf ha-katan (JPCDPIAO35) (260 images)<br />

2009 Ha-kumkum veha-matate (JPCDPIAO34) (176 images)<br />

2009 Meshugaʻat (JPCDPIAO36) (283 images)<br />

2009 Perurim (JPCDPIAO111) (200 images)<br />

2009 Sahkan mafteah (JPCDPIAO37) (50 images)<br />

2009 Tikots’<strong>in</strong> Bat-Yam (JPCDPIAO39) (290 images)<br />

2009 Ha-zug ha-muzar (JPCDPIAO32) (212 images)<br />

2010 Ha-hotenet (JPCDPIAO29) (270 images)<br />

Bimot<br />

Bimot Theatre<br />

1976 B<strong>in</strong>yam<strong>in</strong> III (JPCDPIA131) (106 images)<br />

Ha-Han<br />

Khan Theatre Jerusalem<br />

1977 Bi-demi yameha (JPCDPIA139) (97 images)<br />

1977 Fanshen (JPCDPIAO140, JPCDPIAO141) (200, 171 images)<br />

1978 Mashiah ba! Mashiah ba! (JPCDPIA140) (200 images)<br />

1978 Tefil<strong>in</strong> (JPCDPIA217) (71 images)<br />

1978 Ts’erli Kats’erli (JPCDPIA141) (286 images)<br />

2002 Don Perlimpl<strong>in</strong> (JPCDPIA69) (197 images)<br />

136


2003 Ha-ashlayah (JPCDPIA99) (214 images)<br />

2003 Begidah (JPCDPIA98) (214 images)<br />

2004 Ha-shahaf (JPCDPIA36) (112 images)<br />

2005 Iram shel ha-anashim ha-ketanim (JPCDPIA250) (145 images)<br />

2006 Ta’asi et atsmekh metah (JPCDPIAO126) (187 images)<br />

Ha-Kameri, ha-te’atron shel Tel-Aviv<br />

The Cameri Theatre <strong>of</strong> Tel Aviv<br />

1997 Lalo (JPCDPIA252) (186 images)<br />

2000 Devorah Baron (JPCDPIA8) (232 images)<br />

2000 Lizistratah (JPCDPIA58) (183 images)<br />

2001 Donyah Rositah (JPCDPIA2) (206 images)<br />

2002 Mitos (JPCDPIA67) (139 images)<br />

2004 Almah (JPCDPIA18) (212 images)<br />

2004 Haverot hakhi tovot (JPCDPIA38) (218 images)<br />

2004 Ma‘yan ha-g<strong>of</strong>rit (JPCDPIA16) (202 images)<br />

2004 Ha-mordim (JPCDPIA39) (51 images)<br />

2004 Norah (JPCDPIA37) (199 images)<br />

2004 Shidukhim (JPCDPIA17) (215 images)<br />

2007 Ba‘aluyot (JPCDPIAO67) (122 images)<br />

2007 Hayah o lo hayah (JPCDPIAO55, JPCDPIAO56) (200, 96 images)<br />

2008 Kanar al ha-gag (JPCDPIAO57, JPCDPIAO58) (200, 174 images)<br />

2008 Shemo holekh le-fanav (JPCDPIAO65, JPCDPIAO66)<br />

(200, 88 images)<br />

2009 Amade’us (JPCDPIAO49) (200 images)<br />

2009 Ay<strong>in</strong> 17 (JPCDPIAO61, JPCDPIAO62) (200, 67 images)<br />

2009 Kolot ba-lailah (JPCDPIAO63, JPCDPIAO64) (200, 18 images)<br />

2009 La-arets ha-muvtahat (JPCDPIAO59, JPCDPIAO60) (200, 81 images)<br />

2010 G’oni halakh (JPCDPIAO51, JPCDPIAO52) (200, 53 images)<br />

2010 Havdalah (JPCDPIAO53, JPCDPIAO54) (200, 98 images)<br />

Lahakat Mahol Inbal P<strong>in</strong>to<br />

Inbal P<strong>in</strong>to Dance Company<br />

2007 Seg’erah (JPCDPIAO51a) (251 images)<br />

Ha-Ma‘abadah<br />

The Lab<br />

2005 Shelomit (JPCDPIA137) (200 images)<br />

Te’atron ha-Nefesh<br />

Nephesh Theatre<br />

2007 Ish ha-peladah mi-shekhunat Katsenelson (JPCDPIAO148)<br />

(199 images)<br />

Te’atron Hertseliyah<br />

Herzliya Ensambel<br />

2007 Geshem shahor (JPCDPIAO5, JPCDPIAO6) (225, 300 images)<br />

2008 Ha-ta‘anah shel Don Kihoteh (JPCDPIAO43, JPCDPIAO44)<br />

(200, 77 images)<br />

2009 Amade’us (JPCDPIAO50) (66 images)<br />

2009 Ifigenyah be-Aulis (JPCDPIAO42) (80 images)<br />

2009 Iram shel ha-anashim ha-ketanim (JPCDPIAO47, JPCDPIAO48)<br />

(200, 79 images)<br />

2009 Yirmah (JPCDPIAO45, JPCDPIAO46) (200, 138 images)<br />

Te’atron Temuna<br />

Tmoona Theatre<br />

2006 Ha-derekh ha-baitah (JPCDPIAO118, JPCDPIAO119)<br />

(200, 8 images)<br />

2007 She‘ato ha-aharonah shel Kol (JPCDPIAO143, JPCDPIAO144)<br />

(200, 53 images)<br />

Mo‘adon Tsavta<br />

Tsavta Club<br />

1975 Becky Freishtat be-Tsavta (JPCDPIA185) (135 images)<br />

2007 Ha-ishah she-yakholti li-heyot (JPCDPIAO145, JPCDPIAO146)<br />

(200, 17 images)<br />

YidiShpil, te’atron ha-Yidish be-Yisra’el<br />

Yiddishpiel—The Yiddish Theater <strong>in</strong> Israel<br />

2003 Tevye der milkhiker (JPCDPIA94) (217 images)<br />

2004 Di eybike Dzshigan un Shumakher (JPCDPIA53) (203 images)<br />

137


2004 Di Pari shvesters (JPCDPIA40) (225 images)<br />

2005 Farvos lakht di kale? (JPCDPIA196) (300 images)<br />

2005 Di letste libe (JPCDPIA197) (64 images)<br />

2005 Der Vilner hazn (JPCDPIA138) (291 images)<br />

2005 A Yidishe mame <strong>in</strong> 10 lektsiyes (JPCDPIA254) (300 images)<br />

2005 A ziveg fun himl (JPCDPIA216) (228 images)<br />

2006 Di hiltserne shisel (JPCDPIAO88, JPCDPIAO89) (200, 75 images)<br />

2006 Di rayzes fun B<strong>in</strong>yom<strong>in</strong> der driter (JPCDPIAO84, JPCDPIAO85)<br />

(200, 60 images)<br />

2006 Yidishe gesheftn.com (JPCDPIAO79, JPCDPIAO80)<br />

(200, 66 images)<br />

2007 K<strong>in</strong>der fun shotn (JPCDPIAO18, JPCDPIAO19, JPCDPIAO20)<br />

(19, 222, 300 images)<br />

2007 Mazal tov Yidn (JPCDPIAO82, JPCDPIAO83) (200, 86 images)<br />

2007 Yoshke muzikant (JPCDPIAO90, JPCDPIAO91) (200, 139 images)<br />

2008 Dos groyse gev<strong>in</strong>s (JPCDPIAO74, JPCDPIAO75) (200, 91 images)<br />

2008 Der kunstenmakher fun Lubl<strong>in</strong> (JPCDPIAO76, JPCDPIAO77)<br />

(200, 90 images)<br />

2009 Hazonim un di Yidishe neshome (JPCDPIAO78) (187 images)<br />

2009 Tsvantsik biz hundert un tsvantsik (JPCDPIAO86, JPCDPIAO87)<br />

(200, 7 images)<br />

2010 Di klayne mentshelekh (JPCDPIAO73) (122 images)<br />

2010 Lanski (JPCDPIAO81) (173 images)<br />

MUSIC<br />

1975 Ha-Ahim veha-ahayot (JPCDPIA19) (32 images)<br />

1975 Arik Lavi (JPCDPIA30) (54 images)<br />

1975 Havah Albershta<strong>in</strong> (JPCDPIA21) (113 images)<br />

1975 Jimmy Lloyd (JPCDPIA122) (79 images)<br />

1975 Lahakat Pikud Darom (Lehakot Tsahal) (JPCDPIA27)<br />

(196 images)<br />

1975 No‘omi Shemer (JPCDPIA25) (30 images)<br />

1975 Ha-Parvarim (JPCDPIA28) (67 images)<br />

1975 Pen<strong>in</strong>ah Zaltsman (JPCDPIA124) (134 images)<br />

1975 Tamuz (JPCDPIA20) (120 images)<br />

1975 Tamuz: stage (JPCDPIA203) (37 images)<br />

1975 Yehoram Gaon (JPCDPIA29) (122 images)<br />

1976 Alona (JPCDPIA128) (56 images)<br />

1976 Aris San (JPCDPIA116) (62 images)<br />

1976 D<strong>in</strong>ah Golan (JPCDPIA228) (93 images)<br />

1976 Eli Mantver (JPCDPIA255) (35 images)<br />

1976 Festival ha-zemer ha-Hasidi 8: promo (JPCDPIA178)<br />

(169 images)<br />

1976 Festival ha-zemer ha-Hasidi 8: stage (JPCDPIA179) (263 images)<br />

1976 Hanan Yovel (JPCDPIA118) (76 images)<br />

1976 Ilanit (JPCDPIA115) (137 images)<br />

1976 Odessa (JPCDPIA149) (80 images)<br />

1976 Plat<strong>in</strong>a (JPCDPIA236) (104 images)<br />

1976 Ron Graner (JPCDPIA123) (21 images)<br />

1976 Rouhama & group (JPCDPIA146) (62 images)<br />

1976 Shem Tov Levi (JPCDPIA120) (83 images)<br />

1976 Shokolad Mentah Mastik (JPCDPIA121) (24 images)<br />

1976 Soul Messengers (JPCDPIA125) (164 images)<br />

1976 Tony F<strong>in</strong>e: Barbarim (JPCDPIA182) (53 images)<br />

1976 Uzi Fuks (JPCDPIA117) (36 images)<br />

1976 Yehoram Gaon: on <strong>the</strong> road (JPCDPIA201) (71 images)<br />

1977 Festival 1977 (JPCDPIA206) (83 images)<br />

1977 Festival ha-zemer ha-Hasidi 9: promo (JPCDPIA181)<br />

(181 images)<br />

1977 Festival ha-zemer ha-Hasidi 9: stage (JPCDPIA180) (267 images)<br />

1977 Joe Dass<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong> Israel (JPCDPIA144) (147 images)<br />

1977 Lahakat Ketseh ha-sadeh (JPCDPIA253) (54 images)<br />

1977 Lolita Fanza (JPCDPIA230) (147 images)<br />

1977 Miki Gavri’elov & Kor<strong>in</strong> Alal (JPCDPIA145) (103 images)<br />

1977 Nurit Galron (JPCDPIA143) (111 images)<br />

1977 Ofrah Hazah (JPCDPIA142) (68 images)<br />

1977 Ofrah Hazah: Park ha-Yarkon (JPCDPIA173) (95 images)<br />

1977 Ofrah Hazah u-Betsal’el Aloni: hatsagah (JPCDPIA172)<br />

(195 images)<br />

1977 Peace Festival 1977, Tel Aviv (JPCDPIA205) (247 images)<br />

1977 Richie Havens: Peace festival (JPCDPIA176) (143 images)<br />

1977 Richie Havens ve-Aibi Natan (JPCDPIA177) (35 images)<br />

1978 Arik E<strong>in</strong>ste<strong>in</strong>: TV studio (JPCDPIA199) (34 images)<br />

138


1978 Nurit Galron (JPCDPIA200) (68 images)<br />

1978 Yehoram Gaon: gold record (JPCDPIA202) (41 images)<br />

1979 Arik E<strong>in</strong>ste<strong>in</strong> and Shalom Hanokh (JPCDPIA119) (165 images)<br />

1979 Yehoram Gaon (JPCDPIA227) (272 images)<br />

1981 Arik E<strong>in</strong>ste<strong>in</strong>: on stage (JPCDPIA174) (106 images)<br />

PHOTOJOURNALISM<br />

Social Documentation<br />

1975 C<strong>of</strong>fee shops (JPCDPIA23) (105 images)<br />

1975 Court <strong>in</strong> Israel (JPCDPIA12) (57 images)<br />

1975 Jerusalem ramparts (JPCDPIA1) (167 images)<br />

1975 Kibuts Merom Golan (JPCDPIA7) (101 images)<br />

1975 Kurdish Jews (JPCDPIA11) (156 images)<br />

1975 Ha-rokemet (JPCDPIA6) (213 images)<br />

1975 Shomronim: Passover sacrifice (JPCDPIA70) (89 images)<br />

1975 S<strong>of</strong>er setam (JPCDPIA113) (59 images)<br />

1975 Wedd<strong>in</strong>g at Keshet (JPCDPIA130) (230 images)<br />

1975 Women at work (JPCDPIA114) (111 images)<br />

1975 Yamit (JPCDPIA24) (107 images)<br />

1976 Kurdish family (JPCDPIA232) (108 images)<br />

1976 Nashim mele’ot (JPCDPIA151) (33 images)<br />

1976 Organ builder (JPCDPIA150) (73 images)<br />

1976 Police women (JPCDPIA231) (95 images)<br />

1976 Studentiyot mevugarot (JPCDPIA112) (51 images)<br />

1976 Sukot 1976 Jerusalem (JPCDPIA152) (68 images)<br />

2005 Cemetery: Gush Katif (JPCDPIA233) (98 images)<br />

2005 Signs: Gush Katif (JPCDPIA235) (132 images)<br />

2005 Yom ha-Atsma’ut 2005: Gush Katif (JPCDPIA234) (296 images)<br />

Art and Enterta<strong>in</strong>ment<br />

1975 Becky Freishtat (JPCDPIA22) (202 images)<br />

1975 Eldad Lidor (JPCDPIA71) (22 images)<br />

1975 Ophelia (JPCDPIA183) (109 images)<br />

1975 Ornah Porat (JPCDPIA26) (110 images)<br />

1975 Phantom Kid (JPCDPIA9) (259 images)<br />

1976 Anat Atsmon (JPCDPIA129) (62 images)<br />

1976 Asher Bitansky: producer (JPCDPIA126) (90 images)<br />

1976 Raphi Sha’uli: Eilat open<strong>in</strong>g (JPCDPIA127) (150 images)<br />

1976 Raphi Sha’uli: Tel Aviv ha-ketanah open<strong>in</strong>g (JPCDPIA175)<br />

(232 images)<br />

1976 Ya’el Ofir (JPCDPIA229) (201 images)<br />

1976 Yom huledet (JPCDPIA159) (71 images)<br />

1976 Yossi Orbach (JPCDPIA156) (23 images)<br />

1976 Yossi Yzraely at work (JPCDPIA155) (70 images)<br />

1977 Aviv: dancer (JPCDPIA186) (136 images)<br />

1977 Bashir: artist (JPCDPIA204) (36 images)<br />

1977 Rafi Sha’uli’s club (JPCDPIA148) (195 images)<br />

1977 Tally Goldberg (JPCDPIA158) (300 images)<br />

1978 Rivkah Noiman (JPCDPIA147) (165 images)<br />

2002 Ze’ev Raban (JPCDPIA55) (66 images)<br />

OTHER FORMATS<br />

1982 Hagadah shel Pesah (Heb 4909.82.23) (Book)<br />

2002 A Hebrew symbolist (exhibition <strong>of</strong> Ze’ev Raban’s works <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Tel Aviv Museum <strong>of</strong> Art) (JDVD 114)(DVD)<br />

2003 Moto shel sokhen / Death <strong>of</strong> a Salesman (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah)<br />

(JDVD 115) (DVD)<br />

2004 Ha-Hagorah shel No‘omi / Naomi’s corset (JDVD 3931) (DVD)<br />

2007 Shevarim / Fragments 1990-2006 (JDVD 525) (DVD)<br />

139


I N D E X B Y T I T L E O F G É R A R D A L LO N T H E AT E R P H OTO G R A P H S<br />

I N T H E H A RVA R D L I B R A RY<br />

39 ha-madregot (JPCDPIAO1, JPCDPIAO2, JPCDPIAO3, JPCDPIAO4)<br />

(102, 258, 200, 59 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2007)<br />

Acco Festival <strong>of</strong> Alternative Israeli Theater: outdoors (JPCDPIA111)<br />

(47 images) (Ha-festival ha-Yisre’eli le-te’atron aher - 2004)<br />

Ad efes makom (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA163) (177 images)<br />

(Festival Te’atroneto - 2005)<br />

Akev Akhiles (JPCDPIA257) (200 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2002)<br />

Akhzar mi-kol ha-melekh (JPCDPIA245) (250 images) (Ha-Bimah - 1997)<br />

Akhzar ve-rahum (JPCDPIA242) (196 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2005)<br />

Al ha-hayim ve-‘al ha-mavet (JPCDPIA244) (279 images) (Ha-Bimah -<br />

1997)<br />

Al ta‘aseh li misken poh (JPCDPIAO101) (37 images) (Festival Te’atroneto<br />

- 2008)<br />

Alis be-erets ha-pela’ot (JPCDPIA80) (227 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2003)<br />

Almah (JPCDPIA18) (212 images) (Ha-Kameri - 2004)<br />

Amade’us (JPCDPIAO49) (200 images) (Ha-Kameri - 2009)<br />

Amade’us (JPCDPIAO50) (66 images) (Te’atron Hertseliyah - 2009)<br />

Anah, Hanah ve-Yohanah (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA72) (44 images)<br />

(Festival Te’atroneto - 2001)<br />

Anah Karen<strong>in</strong>ah (JPCDPIAO21) (284 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2007)<br />

Anah Vais (JPCDPIA49) (209 images) (Ha-Bimah - 1998)<br />

Anashim kashim (JPCDPIA85) (258 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2004)<br />

Ani relevanti aday<strong>in</strong>! (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA166) (136 images)<br />

(Festival Te’atroneto - 2005)<br />

Ani ve-hu: Ya’akov Kohen bohek Shaikeh Ofir (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah)<br />

(JPCDPIA42) (187 images) (Festival Te’atroneto - 2004)<br />

Antigonah (JPCDPIAO22, JPCDPIAO134, JPCDPIAO135) (299, 200, 161<br />

images) (Ha-Bimah - 2006)<br />

Aravim rokdim (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA165) (130 images)<br />

(Festival Te’atroneto - 2005)<br />

Arton (JPCDPIA14) (267 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2004)<br />

Ha-ashlayah (JPCDPIA99) (214 images) (Ha-Han - 2003)<br />

Ashrai (JPCDPIAO102) (131 images) (Festival Te’atroneto - 2008)<br />

Avanim ba-kisim (JPCDPIA95) (197 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2003)<br />

141


Ay<strong>in</strong> 17 (JPCDPIAO61, JPCDPIAO62) (200, 67 images)<br />

(Ha-Kameri - 2009)<br />

Ba‘aluyot (JPCDPIAO67) (122 images) (Ha-Kameri - 2007)<br />

Balon (JPCDPIAO103) (98 images) (Festival Te’atroneto - 2008)<br />

Ba-milhamah kemo ba-milhamah (JPCDPIA74) (201 images)<br />

(Ha-Bimah - 2002)<br />

Ha-barvazon: ha-mahazemer (JPCDPIA4) (213 images)<br />

(Ha-Bimah - 2004)<br />

Bavel (JPCDPIA224) (111 images) (Ha-festival ha-Yisre’eli le-te’atron<br />

aher - 2005)<br />

Becky Freishtat be-Tsavta (JPCDPIA185) (135 images) (Mo’adon<br />

Tsavta - 1975)<br />

Bediduti ha-yekarah (staged <strong>by</strong> Bet Tsevi) (JPCDPIAO142) (182 images)<br />

(Festival Te’atroneto - 2007)<br />

Begidah (JPCDPIA98) (214 images) (Ha-Han - 2003)<br />

Begidah (JPCDPIAO24) (178 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2009)<br />

Be-khele Ako (JPCDPIAO92) (55 images) (Festival Te’atroneto - 2007)<br />

Bertah ve-omanut ha-tahzukah (JPCDPIAO121) (186 images)<br />

(Festival Te’atroneto - 2006)<br />

Ha-besorah al-pi Yosi (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA43) (88 images)<br />

(Festival Te’atroneto - 2004)<br />

Be-tsohore ha-yom (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA31) (105 images)<br />

(Festival Te’atroneto - 2004)<br />

Bi-demi yameha (JPCDPIA139) (97 images) (Ha-Han - 1977)<br />

Bigde ha-melekh (JPCDPIA100A) (160 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2004)<br />

B<strong>in</strong>yam<strong>in</strong> III (JPCDPIA131) (106 images) (Bimot - 1976)<br />

Bi-tevah yerikah (JPCDPIAO122) (185 images) (Festival Te’atroneto - 2006)<br />

Blond<strong>in</strong>it ad ke’ev (JPCDPIA223) (195 images) (Ha-festival ha-Yisre’eli<br />

le-te’atron aher - 2005)<br />

Bo (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA164) (128 images) (Festival Te’atroneto<br />

- 2005)<br />

Bustan Sefaradi: promo (JPCDPIA211) (169 images) (Ha-Bimah - 1998)<br />

Bustan Sefaradi: Spectacle (JPCDPIA210) (172 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2005)<br />

Ha-derekh ha-baitah (JPCDPIAO118, JPCDPIAO119) (200, 8 images)<br />

(Te’atron Temuna - 2006)<br />

Ha-derekh le-‘En Harod (JPCDPIA106) (206 images) (Ha-festival<br />

ha-Yisre’eli le-te’atron aher - 2004)<br />

Devorah Baron (JPCDPIA8) (232 images) (Ha-Kameri - 2000)<br />

Ha-dibuk: ben shene olamot (JPCDPIA256) (32 images)<br />

(Ha-Bimah - 1998)<br />

Dibukim (JPCDPIAO26) (202 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2009)<br />

Don Perlimpl<strong>in</strong> (JPCDPIA69) (197 images) (Ha-Han - 2002)<br />

Donyah Rositah (JPCDPIA2) (206 images) (Ha-Kameri - 2001)<br />

Dudu Elharar mesaper ve-shar (JPCDPIA248) (171 images)<br />

(Ha-Bimah - 1997)<br />

Edi K<strong>in</strong>g (JPCDPIA207) (65 images) (Ha-Bimah - 1975)<br />

Edipus: modelim (JPCDPIA226) (36 images) (Ha-festival ha-Yisre’eli<br />

le-te’atron aher - 2005)<br />

Edipus ha-melekh (JPCDPIA208) (200 images) (Ha-Bimah - 1977)<br />

El<strong>in</strong>g (JPCDPIAO27) (256 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2009)<br />

Di eybike Dzshigan un Shumakher (JPCDPIA53) (203 images)<br />

(YidiShpil - 2004)<br />

Ha-ez o mi zot Silviyah? (JPCDPIA194) (267 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2005)<br />

Falos ha-kadosh (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA168) (146 images)<br />

(Festival Te’atroneto - 2005)<br />

Fanshen (JPCDPIAO140, JPCDPIAO141) (200, 171 images)<br />

(Ha-Han - 1977)<br />

142


Farvos lakht di kale? (JPCDPIA196) (300 images) (YidiShpil - 2005)<br />

The fossil (JPCDPIA78) (187 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2003)<br />

Ha-gag (JPCDPIA104) (185 images) (Ha-Bimah - 1976)<br />

G’enis: Re’ayon im agadat rok (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA41) (238<br />

images) (Festival Te’atroneto - 2004)<br />

Gernikah (JPCDPIAO93) (25 images) (Festival Te’atroneto - 2007)<br />

Ha-gerush<strong>in</strong> ha-nifla’im sheli (JPCDPIAO124) (89 images) (Festival<br />

Te’atroneto - 2006)<br />

Geshem shahor (JPCDPIAO5, JPCDPIAO6) (225, 300 images)<br />

(Te’atron Hertseliyah - 2007)<br />

Gever ehad (JPCDPIAO120) (197 images) (Festival Te’atroneto - 2006)<br />

Ha-geveret ha-rishonah shel ha-Raikh ha-shelishi (staged <strong>by</strong> Te’atron<br />

Giv’atayim) (JPCDPIAO114) (195 images) (Festival Te’atroneto - 2006)<br />

Gili (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA170) (77 images) (Festival Te’atroneto<br />

- 2005)<br />

Giyur le-humrah (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA169) (155 images)<br />

(Festival Te’atroneto - 2005)<br />

G’oni halakh (JPCDPIAO51, JPCDPIAO52) (200, 53 images)<br />

(Ha-Kameri - 2010)<br />

Dos groyse gev<strong>in</strong>s (JPCDPIAO74, JPCDPIAO75) (200, 91 images)<br />

(YidiShpil - 2008)<br />

Ha-Bimah promo 1976 (JPCDPIA153) (37 images) (Ha-Bimah - 1976)<br />

Hagar (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA161) (161 images) (Festival<br />

Te’atroneto - 2005)<br />

Ha-hagigah (JPCDPIAO28) (299 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2008)<br />

Hatul rehov (JPCDPIA83, JPCDPIA83A) (236, 100 images)<br />

(Ha-Bimah - 2004)<br />

Hatunah mushlemet (JPCDPIAO107, JPCDPIAO108) (200, 110 images)<br />

(Ha-Bimah - 2006)<br />

Havdalah (JPCDPIAO53, JPCDPIAO54) (200, 98 images) (Ha-Kameri - 2010)<br />

Haverot hakhi tovot (JPCDPIA38) (218 images) (Ha-Kameri - 2004)<br />

Hayah o lo hayah (JPCDPIAO55, JPCDPIAO56) (200, 96 images)<br />

(Ha-Kameri - 2007)<br />

Ha-hayim be-shalosh girsa’ot (JPCDPIA63) (259 images)<br />

(Ha-Bimah - 2003)<br />

Hazonim un di Yidishe neshome (JPCDPIAO78) (187 images)<br />

(YidiShpil - 2009)<br />

Ha-heder shel Varonikah (JPCDPIA246) (245 images) (Ha-Bimah - 1997)<br />

Heshbonit ha-nefesh (JPCDPIA51) (79 images) (Festival Te’atroneto - 2001)<br />

Hevron (JPCDPIAO9, JPCDPIAO10, JPCDPIAO11) (224, 200, 200 images)<br />

(Ha-Bimah - 2007)<br />

Di hiltserne shisel (JPCDPIAO88, JPCDPIAO89) (200, 75 images)<br />

(YidiShpil - 2006)<br />

Hodesh ba-kefar (JPCDPIA133) (200 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2004)<br />

Ha-hotenet (JPCDPIAO29) (270 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2010)<br />

Ifigenyah be-Aulis (JPCDPIAO41) (200 images) (Te’atron Hertseliyah - 2009)<br />

Ifigenyah be-Aulis (JPCDPIAO42) (80 images) (Te’atron Hertseliyah - 2009)<br />

Ima Kurag’ (JPCDPIA102) (109 images) (Ha-Bimah - 1975)<br />

Imahot ba-kikar (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA73) (101 images)<br />

(Festival Te’atroneto - 2001)<br />

Ha-impotentim (JPCDPIA218) (227 images) (Ha-festival ha-Yisre’eli<br />

le-te’atron aher - 2005)<br />

Iram shel ha-anashim ha-ketanim (JPCDPIA250) (145 images)<br />

(Ha-Han - 2005)<br />

Iram shel ha-anashim ha-ketanim (JPCDPIAO47, JPCDPIAO48)<br />

(200, 79 images) (Te’atron Hertseliyah - 2009)<br />

143


Ish ha-peladah mi-shekhunat Katsenelson (JPCDPIAO148) (199 images)<br />

(Te’atron ha-Nefesh - 2007)<br />

Ha-ishah she-yakholti li-heyot (JPCDPIAO145, JPCDPIAO146)<br />

(200, 17 images) (Mo’adon Tsavta - 2007)<br />

Israel’s president at Ima Kurag’ performance (JPCDPIA190) (99 images)<br />

(Ha-Bimah - 1976)<br />

Itruf (JPCDPIAO100) (147 images) (Festival Te’atroneto - 2008)<br />

Iyolf ha-katan (JPCDPIAO35) (260 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2009)<br />

Iyov, haluk ha-nahal veha-pil (JPCDPIAO123) (194 images)<br />

(Festival Te’atroneto - 2006)<br />

Kadish le-No‘omi (JPCDPIA237, JPCDPIA237A) (181, 221 images)<br />

(Ha-Bimah - 2000)<br />

Kahir, Febru’ar 78 (JPCDPIAO139) (152 images) (Ha-Bimah - 1982)<br />

Kahol/tapuz (JPCDPIA79) (172 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2003)<br />

Kakhah zeh karah (staged <strong>by</strong> Gesher) (JPCDPIAO94) (95 images)<br />

(Festival Te’atroneto - 2007)<br />

Kanar al ha-gag (JPCDPIAO57, JPCDPIAO58) (200, 174 images)<br />

(Ha-Kameri - 2008)<br />

Karish patish (JPCDPIA56) (142 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2000)<br />

Karov yoter (JPCDPIA239) (200 images) (Ha-Bimah - 1998)<br />

Karu‘a (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-merkaz le-te’atron shel Ako) (JPCDPIAO97)<br />

(102 images) (Festival Te’atroneto - 2007)<br />

Kefu’im (JPCDPIA44) (207 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2003)<br />

Ken ha-kukiyah (JPCDPIA86) (230 images) (Ha-Bimah - 1999)<br />

Ken ha-kukiyah (JPCDPIA86) (230 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2004)<br />

Keter ba-rosh (JPCDPIA101) (200 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2004)<br />

Kevar lo yaldah shel af ehad (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA160)<br />

(146 images) (Festival Te’atroneto - 2005)<br />

Ha-keves ha-shishah asar (JPCDPIA247) (136 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2005)<br />

Kidmah (JPCDPIA107) (201 images) (Ha-festival ha-Yisre’eli le-te’atron<br />

aher - 2004)<br />

K<strong>in</strong>der fun shotn (JPCDPIAO18, JPCDPIAO19, JPCDPIAO20) (19, 222,<br />

300 images) (YidiShpil - 2007)<br />

Di klayne mentshelekh (JPCDPIAO73) (122 images) (YidiShpil - 2010)<br />

Kol ha-hayim le-fanav (JPCDPIAO33) (218 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2008)<br />

Kolot ba-lailah (JPCDPIAO63, JPCDPIAO64) (200, 18 images)<br />

(Ha-Kameri - 2009)<br />

Ha-komika’im (JPCDPIA92) (212 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2003)<br />

Kufsah shehorah (JPCDPIA91) (222 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2003)<br />

Ha-kumkum veha-metate (JPCDPIAO34) (176 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2009)<br />

Der kunstenmakher fun Lubl<strong>in</strong> (JPCDPIAO76, JPCDPIAO77) (200, 90<br />

images) (YidiShpil - 2008)<br />

La-arets ha-muvtahat (JPCDPIAO59, JPCDPIAO60) (200, 81 images)<br />

(Ha-Kameri - 2009)<br />

La-lekhet ad ha-s<strong>of</strong> (JPCDPIA90) (216 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2003)<br />

Lalo (JPCDPIA252) (186 images) (Ha-Kameri - 1997)<br />

Lamah davka ani (JPCDPIAO105) (119 images) (Festival Te’atroneto - 2008)<br />

Lanski (JPCDPIAO81) (173 images) (YidiShpil - 2010)<br />

Di letste libe (JPCDPIA197) (64 images) (YidiShpil - 2005)<br />

Lev tov (JPCDPIA89) (216 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2003)<br />

Lizistratah (JPCDPIA58) (183 images) (Ha-Kameri - 2000)<br />

Lo biglal ha-zikhronot (JPCDPIA243) (123 images) (Ha-Bimah - 1999)<br />

Madrikh la-metayel be-Varshah (JPCDPIA96) (217 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2003)<br />

Ma‘gal ha-gir ha-Kavkazi (JPCDPIA48) (208 images) (Ha-Bimah - 1999)<br />

144


Mah at hoshevet?: mivhan Mikhal Haiman mis. 3 (JPCDPIA109)<br />

(157 images) (Ha-festival ha-Yisre’eli le-te’atron aher - 2004)<br />

Ha-mahaloket (JPCDPIAO30) (249 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2008)<br />

Mami (JPCDPIA60) (209 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2002)<br />

Manu melekh Atlantis (JPCDPIA108) (196 images) (Ha-festival ha-Yisre’eli<br />

le-te’atron aher - 2004)<br />

Mar olam (JPCDPIAO72) (124 images) (Ha-festival ha-Yisre’eli le-te’atron<br />

aher - 2007)<br />

Mar’eh me‘al ha-gesher (JPCDPIA52) (202 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2000)<br />

Mashiah ba! Mashiah ba! (JPCDPIA140) (200 images) (Ha-Han - 1978)<br />

Ma‘yan ha-g<strong>of</strong>rit (JPCDPIA16) (202 images) (Ha-Kameri - 2004)<br />

Mazal tov Yidn (JPCDPIAO82, JPCDPIAO83) (200, 86 images)<br />

(YidiShpil - 2007)<br />

Me-‘avdut le-hishta‘bedut, eru‘a hatsot (staged <strong>by</strong> Sem<strong>in</strong>ar ha-kibutsim’s<br />

Bet ha-sefer le-omanuyot ha-bamah) (JPCDPIAO96) (145 images)<br />

(Festival Te’atroneto - 2007)<br />

Mede’ah (JPCDPIA97) (226 images) (Ha-Bimah - 1998)<br />

Mehakim le-Godo (JPCDPIA45) (218 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2002)<br />

Mehilah (JPCDPIA214) (120 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2000)<br />

Ha-mekhashefah (JPCDPIA47) (204 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2003)<br />

Meri Lu (JPCDPIA62) (249 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2003)<br />

Meshuga‘at (JPCDPIAO36) (283 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2009)<br />

Mevaker ha-med<strong>in</strong>ah 2005 (JPCDPIA193) (257 images)<br />

(Ha-Bimah - 2005)<br />

Mi heziz et ha-sherafraf sheli (JPCDPIA171) (160 images)<br />

(Festival Te’atroneto - 2005)<br />

Mikhtav ahavah (JPCDPIA82) (216 images) (Ha-Bimah - 1999)<br />

Milhamah: mahazeh moderni (JPCDPIA195) (170 images)<br />

(Ha-Bimah - 2005)<br />

Milhemet ahim (JPCDPIA93) (229 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2003)<br />

Milkud 22 (JPCDPIA215) (260 images) (Ha-Bimah - 1997)<br />

M<strong>in</strong>yan nashim (JPCDPIA46) (213 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2003)<br />

Mishehu nafal (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Han ha-Yerushalmi) (JPCDPIAO95)<br />

(51 images) (Festival Te’atroneto - 2007)<br />

Mishpahah (JPCDPIA50) (203 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2003)<br />

Mitos (Itim Ensembel) (JPCDPIA67) (139 images) (Ha-Kameri - 2002)<br />

Mo‘adon ha-almanot ha-alizot (JPCDPIA192) (277 images)<br />

(Ha-Bimah - 2005)<br />

Ha-moah ha-gavri (JPCDPIAO31) (21 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2007)<br />

Monologim meha-vag<strong>in</strong>ah (JPCDPIA68) (208 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2000)<br />

Ha-mordim (JPCDPIA39) (51 images) (Ha-Kameri - 2004)<br />

Ha-moreh le-mishak (JPCDPIAO147) (133 images) (Festival Te’atroneto -<br />

2007)<br />

Moto shel sokhen (JPCDPIA64) (212 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2003)<br />

Namer havarburot (JPCDPIA240) (244 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2006)<br />

Naser a-D<strong>in</strong> (JPCDPIA241) (218 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2000)<br />

Ha-ne’ehavim veha-ne‘imim (JPCDPIA81, JPCDPIA81A) (286, 200<br />

images) (Ha-Bimah - 2003)<br />

Ha-nehag shel mis Deizi (JPCDPIAO7, JPCDPIAO8) (264, 200 images)<br />

(Ha-Bimah - 2007)<br />

Neshikat eshet ha-akavish (JPCDPIA238) (284 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2000)<br />

Ha-nesigah mi-Moskvah (JPCDPIA135) (280 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2005)<br />

Nisu’e Figaro (JPCDPIAO136) (200 images) (Ha-Bimah - 1977)<br />

Nisu’e Figaro (JPCDPIAO137, JPCDPIAO138) (200, 33 images)<br />

(Ha-Bimah - 1981)<br />

145


Norah (JPCDPIA37) (199 images) (Ha-Kameri - 2004)<br />

Nudnik (JPCDPIAO130, JPCDPIAO131) (200, 170 images)<br />

(Ha-Bimah - 2006)<br />

O lo li-heyot (JPCDPIAO99) (91 images) (Festival Te’atroneto - 2008)<br />

Ogust (JPCDPIAO23) (267 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2007)<br />

Ohavim et Opal (JPCDPIA59) (203 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2003)<br />

Open<strong>in</strong>g night <strong>of</strong> Teatroneto 2006 (staged <strong>by</strong> Suzanne Dellal Centre<br />

for Dance and Theatre) (JPCDPIAO129) (65 images) (Festival<br />

Te’atroneto - 2006)<br />

Oseh ha-nifla’ot (JPCDPIAO106) (101 images) (Festival Te’atroneto -<br />

2008)<br />

Oskar ve-dodah Rozah (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA15) (152 images)<br />

(Festival Te’atroneto - 2004)<br />

Ha-otsar (JPCDPIA103) (200 images) (Ha-Bimah - 1975)<br />

Ovdim zarim (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah and Sem<strong>in</strong>ar ha-kibutsim’s Bet ha-sefer<br />

le-omanuyot ha-bamah.) (JPCDPIA188) (178 images) (Festival<br />

Te’atroneto - 2005)<br />

Oyev ha-‘am: stage poster (JPCDPIA154) (35 images) (Ha-Bimah - 1976)<br />

Pargodim (JPCDPIA65, JPCDPIA65A) (230, 100 images) (Ha-Bimah -<br />

2000)<br />

Di Pari shvesters (JPCDPIA40) (225 images) (YidiShpil - 2004)<br />

Parparim hem h<strong>of</strong>shiyim (JPCDPIA75) (219 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2004)<br />

Pati Difuzyah (JPCDPIA212) (270 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2005)<br />

Performances dur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> Teatroneto Festival staged <strong>by</strong> Sem<strong>in</strong>ar ha-<br />

Kibutsim’s Bet ha-sefer le-omanuyot ha-bamah (JPCDPIAO115)<br />

(182 images) (Festival Te’atroneto - 2006)<br />

Perumot (JPCDPIA222) (39 images) (Ha-festival ha-Yisre’eli le-te’atron<br />

aher - 2005)<br />

Perurim (JPCDPIAO111) (200 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2009)<br />

Perurim (JPCDPIAO112, JPCDPIAO113) (200, 118 images)<br />

(Ha-Bimah - 2006)<br />

Peshutah (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIAO17) (193 images) (Festival<br />

Te’atroneto - 2007)<br />

Pisul ke-te’atron 2005 (JPCDPIA225) (33 images) (Ha-festival ha-Yisre’eli<br />

le-te’atron aher - 2005)<br />

Prizes 2002 (JPCDPIA209) (118 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2002)<br />

Pulsa ve-nura (staged <strong>by</strong> Gesher) (JPCDPIA189) (90 images) (Festival<br />

Te’atroneto - 2005)<br />

Purim 1998: street (JPCDPIA249) ( 138 images) (Ha-Bimah - 1998)<br />

Di rayzes fun B<strong>in</strong>yom<strong>in</strong> der driter (JPCDPIAO84, JPCDPIAO85)<br />

(200, 60 images) (YidiShpil - 2006)<br />

Ha-rehov shelanu (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (Kevutsat ha-te’atron shel Gai<br />

Zu-Arets) (JPCDPIAO98) (112 images) (Festival Te’atroneto - 2007)<br />

Rekhush natush (JPCDPIAO127, JPCDPIAO128) (200, 153 images)<br />

(Ha-Bimah - 2006)<br />

Rits’ard ha-shelishi (JPCDPIA105) (210 images) (Ha-Bimah - 1976)<br />

Romantikah (JPCDPIAO12, JPCDPIAO13) (253, 300 images)<br />

(Ha-Bimah - 2006)<br />

Sahkan mafteah (JPCDPIAO37) (50 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2009)<br />

Sedakim ba-beton (JPCDPIAO38) (234 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2007)<br />

Seg’erah (JPCDPIAO51a) (251 images) (Lahakat Mahol Inbal P<strong>in</strong>to - 2007)<br />

Setirah u-fetsa be-yam shel kerishim (JPCDPIA219) (148 images)<br />

(Ha-festival ha-Yisre’eli le-te’atron aher - 2005)<br />

Sha‘ah yafah le-yogah (JPCDPIAO25) (192 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2008)<br />

Ha-shahaf (JPCDPIA36) (112 images) (Ha-Han - 2004)<br />

146


Shavu‘a (JPCDPIA84) (208 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2004)<br />

She‘ato ha-aharonah shel Kol (JPCDPIAO143, JPCDPIAO144)<br />

(200, 53 images) (Te’atron Temuna - 2007)<br />

Shed katan (JPCDPIA54) (69 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2001)<br />

Shelomit (JPCDPIA137) (200 images) (Ha-Ma‘abadah - 2005)<br />

Shelomoh ha-melekh ve-Shalmai ha-sandlar (JPCDPIA134) (200 images)<br />

(Ha-Bimah - 2005)<br />

Shemo holekh le-fanav (JPCDPIA191) (232 images) (Ha-Bimah - 1977)<br />

Shemo holekh le-fanav (JPCDPIAO65, JPCDPIAO66) (200, 88 images)<br />

(Ha-Kameri - 2008)<br />

Shemoneh nashim (JPCDPIA136) (241 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2004)<br />

Shidukhim (JPCDPIA17) (215 images) (Ha-Kameri - 2004)<br />

Shirli Valenta<strong>in</strong> (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA162) (264 images)<br />

(Festival Te’atroneto - 2005)<br />

Shmeterl<strong>in</strong>g (JPCDPIA220) (48 images) (Ha-festival ha-Yisre’eli le-te’atron<br />

aher - 2005)<br />

Shovrim shetikah (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah and Sem<strong>in</strong>ar ha-kibutsim’s Bet<br />

ha-sefer le-omanuyot ha-bamah.) (JPCDPIA187) (183 images) (Festival<br />

Te’atroneto - 2005)<br />

Sipure Ha-Bimah (JPCDPIA10) (134 images) (Ha-Bimah - 1997)<br />

Ha-sirpad shel ha-shakhen (JPCDPIA35) (184 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2004)<br />

Ha-snob (JPCDPIA33) (165 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2004)<br />

Sonatat setav (JPCDPIAO132, JPCDPIAO133) (200, 192 images)<br />

(Ha-Bimah - 2006)<br />

Street (staged <strong>by</strong> Ha-Bimah) (JPCDPIA32) (6 images) (Festival Te’atroneto<br />

- 2004)<br />

Ha-ta‘anah shel Don Kihoteh (JPCDPIAO43, JPCDPIAO44)<br />

(200, 77 images) (Te’atron Hertseliyah - 2008)<br />

Ta‘asi et atsmekh metah (JPCDPIAO126) (187 images) (Ha-Han - 2006)<br />

Tahtonim (JPCDPIA77) (161 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2003)<br />

Tamarah (JPCDPIA61) (194 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2002)<br />

Tashmad (JPCDPIA132) (200 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2005)<br />

Taxi (JPCDPIA213) (278 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2005)<br />

Te’atron meha-seratim (Yoram Lev<strong>in</strong>ste<strong>in</strong> Act<strong>in</strong>g Studio) (JPCDPIA167)<br />

(193 images) (Festival Te’atroneto - 2005)<br />

Tefil<strong>in</strong> (JPCDPIA217) (71 images) (Ha-Han - 1978)<br />

Teip (JPCDPIAO109, JPCDPIAO110) (200, 126 images)<br />

(Ha-Bimah - 2006)<br />

Tekufat histaglut (JPCDPIAO116, JPCDPIAO117) (200, 196 images)<br />

(Ha-Bimah - 2006)<br />

Tel Aviv ha-ketanah (JPCDPIA34) (205 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2004)<br />

Temunot me-haye nisu’<strong>in</strong> (JPCDPIAO14, JPCDPIAO15) (272, 200 images)<br />

(Ha-Bimah - 2007)<br />

Tevye der milkhiker (JPCDPIA94) (217 images) (YidiShpil - 2003)<br />

Tikots’<strong>in</strong> Bat-Yam (JPCDPIAO39) (290 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2009)<br />

Tom: mevusas al shum davar (JPCDPIAO125) (139 images) (Festival<br />

Te’atroneto - 2006)<br />

Trankilah (JPCDPIAO69, JPCDPIAO70) (200, 15 images) (Ha-festival<br />

ha-Yisre’eli le-te’atron aher - 2007)<br />

Ts’erli Kats‘erli (JPCDPIA141) (286 images) (Ha-Han - 1978)<br />

Tsurah le-ahavah (JPCDPIA57) (211 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2003)<br />

Tsvantsik biz hundert un tsvantsik (JPCDPIAO86, JPCDPIAO87)<br />

(200, 7 images) (YidiShpil - 2009)<br />

Ve-gar ze’ev im keves (JPCDPIA251) (226 images) (Ha-festival ha-Yisre’eli<br />

le-te’atron aher - 2005)<br />

Der Vilner hazn (JPCDPIA138) (291 images) (YidiShpil - 2005)<br />

147


Yehudi zaken blond<strong>in</strong>it (JPCDPIAO104) (108 images) (Festival Te’atroneto<br />

- 2008)<br />

Ha-yeled (JPCDPIAO16) (252 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2007)<br />

Yidishe gesheftn.com (JPCDPIAO79, JPCDPIAO80) (200, 66 images)<br />

(YidiShpil - 2006)<br />

A Yidishe mame <strong>in</strong> 10 lektsiyes (JPCDPIA254) (300 images)<br />

(YidiShpil - 2005)<br />

Yirmah (JPCDPIAO45, JPCDPIAO46) (200, 138 images) (Te’atron<br />

Hertseliyah - 2009)<br />

Yom be-hayenu (JPCDPIA110) (191 images) (Ha-festival ha-Yisre’eli<br />

le-te’atron aher - 2004)<br />

Yomanah shel Anah Frank (JPCDPIA66) (201 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2001)<br />

Yosef u-khetonet ha-pasim ha-meshaga‘at (JPCDPIAO40) (289 images)<br />

(Ha-Bimah - 2008)<br />

Yosefah (JPCDPIA88) (210 images) (Ha-Bimah - 1975)<br />

Yoshke muzikant (JPCDPIAO90, JPCDPIAO91) (200, 139 images)<br />

(YidiShpil - 2007)<br />

Yoshvim (JPCDPIAO71) (95 images) (Ha-festival ha-Yisre’eli le-te’atron<br />

aher - 2007)<br />

Yulyus Kesar (JPCDPIA87) (222 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2003)<br />

Zarim: atah kise, ani mayim (JPCDPIA76) (229 images)<br />

(Ha-Bimah - 2004)<br />

Zeh kemo la-haros rak hafukh (JPCDPIAO68) (100 images)<br />

(Ha-festival ha-Yisre’eli le-te’atron aher - 2007)<br />

Zeman emet (JPCDPIA198) (280 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2005)<br />

Ha-zirah (JPCDPIA221) (279 images) (Ha-festival ha-Yisre’eli le-te’atron<br />

aher - 2005)<br />

A ziveg fun himl (JPCDPIA216) (228 images) (YidiShpil - 2005)<br />

Ha-zug ha-muzar (JPCDPIAO32) (212 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2009)<br />

Zugiyut: Ruti meshuga‘at (JPCDPIA3) (236 images) (Ha-Bimah - 2004)<br />

148

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