Literature Review on Childhood Obesity Sample
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<strong>Childhood</strong>obesity-anew multidisciplinary<br />
problem lookingforpreventi<strong>on</strong>programs<br />
socialdiseases(somac,mental,psychosomac);individualandsocialdisorganiza-<br />
<strong>on</strong>sanddysfunc<strong>on</strong>s(pre-mariage,extra-maritalandmaritalcommunies,family,<br />
school,spiritualinstu<strong>on</strong>s,narow andwidersocialcommunity),socio-pathological<br />
phenomena(smoking,alcoholism,drugaddic<strong>on</strong>,sexualabuseandviolence,aggressi<strong>on</strong>-destruc<strong>on</strong>,murderandsuicide)andcrime.Childrenwhoexperienceviolencemore<br />
oenaremoreviolenttowardsotherchildren.Thisisimportantforunderstandingthe<br />
psychologicalaspectofthephenomen<strong>on</strong>ofviolence,aswelasfordeterminingthe<br />
cause-effectrela<strong>on</strong>shipbetweenexperiencedandcommiedviolence.Interven<strong>on</strong>s<br />
thatpromoteasafe,stableandgentleassocia<strong>on</strong>ofachildwiththeirparentsatanearly<br />
agecanpreventaggressi<strong>on</strong>(WHO,2010).Acvies,rolesandrela<strong>on</strong>shipswithother<br />
peoplewithinthec<strong>on</strong>textoflifedeterminethedevelopmentofanindividualbyspreadingc<strong>on</strong>texts(e.g.school,localcommunity,state,etc.)causingchangesinthepers<strong>on</strong>'s<br />
system,andchangingthesystem leadstoachangeofbehavior.(Br<strong>on</strong>fenbrenner,2005).<br />
Inthetheoryofecologicalsystems,Br<strong>on</strong>fenbrenner(2005)c<strong>on</strong>cludesthattherearefive<br />
ecologicalsystems(biosystem,microsystem,mesosystem,ecosystem andmacrosystem)<br />
betweenwhichthereisacomplexinterac<strong>on</strong>andstr<strong>on</strong>ginterdependenceandacrucial<br />
influence<strong>on</strong>thedevelopmentoftheindividual.Thecharacteriza<strong>on</strong>ofaggressiveness<br />
asanecologicalphenomen<strong>on</strong>istheemphasisandemphasis<strong>on</strong>thecomplexinterac<strong>on</strong><br />
ofintraindividualandinterindividualvariables.Violenceisnotanisolatedphenomen<strong>on</strong>.<br />
Itaffectseverythingthathappensinanarowerandwiderenvir<strong>on</strong>ment,andinorderto<br />
understandit,alaspectsofitsorigin,manifesta<strong>on</strong>andpersistencemustbetakeninto<br />
account.Individualcharacteriscsareinfluencedbydifferentecologicalc<strong>on</strong>texts,such<br />
asschools,peergroups,thewidercommunity,andso<strong>on</strong>.(Br<strong>on</strong>fenbrenner,2005),andits<br />
keysourceiscertainlythefamilyinitsbasicdefini<strong>on</strong>ofexistenceandbiological,psychologicalandsocialfunc<strong>on</strong>ing.Intheorecalc<strong>on</strong>sidera<strong>on</strong>s,asintheprevious<br />
researchplans,severalgroupsoffactorsc<strong>on</strong>sideredasriskyforviolentbehaviorcanbe<br />
observed:familyandgenecfactors,disruptedsocialcogni<strong>on</strong>,socio-ec<strong>on</strong>omicstatus<br />
ofthefamily,waterasadrink,twocupsofmilkaday,wholegrainbread,n<strong>on</strong>-fatmeat,<br />
bluefish,freshseas<strong>on</strong>alfruitsandvegetables,vegetableoilextracts(olive,wheat,corn<br />
oil.)introduceavarietyofnutri<strong>on</strong>,takingintoaccountthechild'senergyandnutri<strong>on</strong>al<br />
needsduringthatgrowthanddevelopmentperiodPrevenngdietaryhabitsinfamiliesand<br />
pre-schoolinstu<strong>on</strong>stoencourageeverydayphysicalacvity,mec<strong>on</strong>straints<strong>on</strong>watching<br />
TV,playingvideogamesandcomputergames.Primarypreven<strong>on</strong>ofobesityduringthe<br />
schoolage:Bychoosingtherightchoiceandquantyoffoodstomeettheincreasedenergy<br />
andnutri<strong>on</strong>alneedsduringthisperiodofintensegrowthandmaintainingdevelopmentand
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