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By WHITNEY BRIM-DEFOREST | UCCE Rice Advisor, Yuba/Sutter Counties Weed identification is the foundation for weed control. For both cultural controls (tillage, weed-whacking, etc.), and herbicides, misidentification can lead to wasted time, money, and resources. But even for experienced weed scientists and botanists, weed identification can be difficult. Traditional keys, for example, primarily rely on our ability to distinguish between plants at flowering, and often require a fair amount of knowledge of botanic terms, and possibly even a microscope. Aside from the difficulty of using the keys, identification at flowering is usually too late for weed control, particularly for the use of many herbicides. There are many tools available to use for weed identification, ranging from books to cards, to online databases, and even computer programs and smartphone apps. The resources found below are just a few of the plethora of weed identification resources, highlighting some of the most relevant for California, and many that are free or low-cost. Print Printed materials may be a bit difficult to carry into the field, obviously, but they can be a good resource, especially for learning more about the biology and ecology of the weed species once it is identified. 1) Weeds of California and Other Western States (DiTomaso and Healy, 2007) This 2-volume set is available through the UCANR website (as well as many other websites), and contains many, many weeds found in California, as well as those that may be likely to move into California from surrounding states. It includes over 700 weed species, in over 60 families. It also has tables to help distinguish between commonlyconfused weeds. 2) Weed Identification Cards (DiTomaso, 2013) This set of cards is adapted from the Weeds of California and Other Western States book listed above, and contains the 48 most widely distributed weed species in California. It is available from the UCANR website. The weeds are divided into the following 8 plant groups, for easy searching: 1. Volumes 1-2 of Weeds of California and Other Western States (DiTomaso and Healy, 2007). 12 Progressive Crop Consultant May/June <strong>2019</strong>
• Broadleaf annuals, erect • Broadleaf annuals, low growing • Broadleaf annuals, scrambling • Broadleaf perennials, not viney • Broadleaf perennials, viney • Grass annuals • Grass perennials • Sedges The cards are small and can be held in the hand while in the field. They are laminated, so even if they get moist, they will not be ruined. Computer Based There are a couple of resources available (one USB-loaded program and one web-based application) if you need some help identifying weeds, especially during early growth stages. While the USB can only be used on a computer, the web-based application can also be used on a smart-phone (in the field), although it does require connectivity to the web to be able to do so. Continued on Page 14 2. Weed Identification Cards (DiTomaso, 2013). May/June <strong>2019</strong> www.progressivecrop.com 13
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