NET-Microservices-Architecture-for-Containerized-NET-Applications-(Microsoft-eBook)

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like Sublime, Emacs, vi, and the open-source OmniSharp project, which also provides IntelliSense support. In addition to the IDEs and editors, you can use the .NET Core CLI tools for all supported platforms. Using containers for new (“green-field”) projects Containers are commonly used in conjunction with a microservices architecture, although they can also be used to containerize web apps or services that follow any architectural pattern. You can use .NET Framework on Windows Containers, but the modularity and lightweight nature of .NET Core makes it perfect for containers and microservices architectures. When you create and deploy a container, its image is far smaller with .NET Core than with .NET Framework. Creating and deploying microservices on containers You could use the traditional .NET Framework for building microservices-based applications (without containers) by using plain processes. That way, because the .NET Framework is already installed and shared across processes, processes are light and fast to start. However, if you are using containers, the image for the traditional .NET Framework is also based on Windows Server Core and that makes it too heavy for a microservices-on-containers approach. In contrast, .NET Core is the best candidate if you are embracing a microservices-oriented system that is based on containers, because .NET Core is lightweight. In addition, its related container images, either the Linux image or the Windows Nano image, are lean and small making containers light and fast to start. A microservice is meant to be as small as possible: to be light when spinning up, to have a small footprint, to have a small Bounded Context (check DDD, Domain-Driven Design), to represent a small area of concerns, and to be able to start and stop fast. For those requirements, you will want to use small and fast-to-instantiate container images like the .NET Core container image. A microservices architecture also allows you to mix technologies across a service boundary. This enables a gradual migration to .NET Core for new microservices that work in conjunction with other microservices or with services developed with Node.js, Python, Java, GoLang, or other technologies. Deploying high density in scalable systems When your container-based system needs the best possible density, granularity, and performance, .NET Core and ASP.NET Core are your best options. ASP.NET Core is up to ten times faster than ASP.NET in the traditional .NET Framework, and it leads other popular industry technologies for microservices, such as Java servlets, Go, and Node.js. This is especially relevant for microservices architectures, where you could have hundreds of microservices (containers) running. With ASP.NET Core images (based on the .NET Core runtime) on Linux or Windows Nano, you can run your system with a much lower number of servers or VMs, ultimately saving costs in infrastructure and hosting. 12 Choosing Between .NET Core and .NET Framework for Docker Containers
When to choose .NET Framework for Docker containers While .NET Core offers significant benefits for new applications and application patterns, .NET Framework will continue to be a good choice for many existing scenarios. Migrating existing applications directly to a Windows Server container You might want to use Docker containers just to simplify deployment, even if you are not creating microservices. For example, perhaps you want to improve your DevOps workflow with Docker— containers can give you better isolated test environments and can also eliminate deployment issues caused by missing dependencies when you move to a production environment. In cases like these, even if you are deploying a monolithic application, it makes sense to use Docker and Windows Containers for your current .NET Framework applications. In most cases for this scenario, you will not need to migrate your existing applications to .NET Core; you can use Docker containers that include the traditional .NET Framework. However, a recommended approach is to use .NET Core as you extend an existing application, such as writing a new service in ASP.NET Core. Using third-party .NET libraries or NuGet packages not available for .NET Core Third-party libraries are quickly embracing the .NET Standard, which enables code sharing across all .NET flavors, including .NET Core. With the .NET Standard Library 2.0 and beyond the API surface compatibility across different frameworks has become significantly larger and in .NET Core 2.x applications can also directly reference existing .NET Framework libraries (see compat shim). In addition, the Windows Compatibility Pack was recently released to extend the API surface available for .NET Standard 2.0 on Windows. This pack allows to recompile most existing code to .NET Standard 2.x with little or no modification, to run on Windows. However, even with that exceptional progression since .NET Standard 2.0 and .NET Core 2.0, there might be cases where certain NuGet packages need Windows to run and might not support .NET Core. If those packages are critical for your application, then you will need to use .NET Framework on Windows Containers. Using.NET technologies not available for .NET Core Some .NET Framework technologies are not available in the current version of .NET Core (version 2.1 as of this writing). Some of them will be available in later .NET Core releases (.NET Core 2.x), but others do not apply to the new application patterns targeted by .NET Core and might never be available. The following list shows most of the technologies that are not available in .NET Core 2.x: • ASP.NET Web Forms. This technology is only available on .NET Framework. Currently there are no plans to bring ASP.NET Web Forms to .NET Core. • WCF services. Even when a WCF-Client library is available to consume WCF services from .NET Core, as of mid-2017, the WCF server implementation is only available on .NET Framework. 13 Choosing Between .NET Core and .NET Framework for Docker Containers
Page 1 and 2: i
Page 3 and 4: Contents Introduction .............
Page 5 and 6: Designing a microservice-oriented a
Page 7 and 8: Table mapping .....................
Page 9 and 10: S E C T I O N 1 Introduction Enterp
Page 11 and 12: Send us your feedback! We wrote thi
Page 13 and 14: In short, containers offer the bene
Page 15 and 16: The main goal of an image is that i
Page 17 and 18: Docker containers, images, and regi
Page 19: • You need to use third-party .NE
Page 23 and 24: Decision table: .NET frameworks to
Page 25 and 26: microsoft/dotnet:2.1-aspnetcorerunt
Page 27 and 28: S E C T I O N 4 Architecting Contai
Page 29 and 30: For example, in a typical e-commerc
Page 31 and 32: Figure 4-4. Publishing a single-con
Page 33 and 34: As shown in Figure 4-5, regular Doc
Page 35 and 36: Microservices architecture As the n
Page 37 and 38: Data sovereignty per microservice A
Page 39 and 40: It is important to highlight that d
Page 41 and 42: Challenge #2: How to create queries
Page 43 and 44: The Catalog microservice should not
Page 45 and 46: Identify domain-model boundaries fo
Page 47 and 48: Figure 4-11. Decomposing traditiona
Page 49 and 50: example, when handling dozens of mi
Page 51 and 52: Figure 4-13. Using an API Gateway i
Page 53 and 54: microservices. With this approach,
Page 55 and 56: deployment environment where you ar
Page 57 and 58: • Asynchronous protocol. Other pr
Page 59 and 60: If your microservice needs to raise
Page 61 and 62: Figure 4-17. One-to-one real-time a
Page 63 and 64: Figure 4-18. A single microservice
Page 65 and 66: A note about messaging technologies
Page 67 and 68: Microservices addressability and th
Page 69 and 70: Figure 4-21. Example of a composite
Page 71 and 72:
microservice to recover. Health eve
Page 73 and 74:
Orchestrating microservices and mul
Page 75 and 76:
DC/OS works by abstracting a collec
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might choose to use the Docker comm
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called a Gateway service if you imp
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Figure 4-30. Stateless versus state
Page 83 and 84:
.NET languages and frameworks for D
Page 85 and 86:
Set up your local environment with
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use is microsoft/aspnetcore:2.0. Th
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Step 3. Create your custom Docker i
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Note that this docker-compose.yml f
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Figure 5-10. VM with Docker contain
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Note that this URL in the browser u
Page 97 and 98:
Using PowerShell commands in a Dock
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The application will consist of the
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Communication architecture. The eSh
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client and the APIs exposed by each
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The new world: multiple architectur
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Figure 6-5. Simple data-driven/CRUD
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The data model With EF Core, data a
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itemsOnPage = ChangeUriPlaceholder(
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- ConnectionString=Server=sql.data;
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• tool can be used from the CLI a
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} options.SwaggerDoc("v1", new Swas
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Defining your multi-container appli
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The root key in this file is servic
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Development environments When you d
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eShopOnContainers has the following
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#docker-compose.override.yml (Exten
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In this example, the development ov
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Building the application from a bui
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Creating the Docker images from the
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When you start this SQL Server cont
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EF Core InMemory database versus SQ
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Implementing event-based communicat
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multiple microservices; doing that
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void SubscribeDynamic(string eventN
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Implementing the subscription code
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[Route("update")] [HttpPost] public
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your domain entities. That table wo
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Update Product from the Catalog mic
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private async Task UpdatePriceInBas
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Deduplicating integration event mes
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Testing ASP.NET Core services and w
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public class PrimeWebDefaultRequest
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Therefore, you can choose and eithe
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Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. Lice
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By default, the cancellation token
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Going much further in the design, s
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In regards the microservice URL, wh
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Implementing your API Gateways with
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} "UpstreamHttpMethod": [ "POST", "
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created from that same Docker image
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Because of testing or debugging rea
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Figure 6-38. Position of the Identi
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… Then, you also need to set auth
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The deployment of eShopOnContainers
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However, most of the techniques for
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Figure 7-2. Simplified CQRS- and DD
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• Udi Dahan. Clarified CQRS http:
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You will also need to add a using s
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Describing Response Types of Web AP
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Designing a DDD-oriented microservi
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Figure 7-6. Layers implemented as l
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Figure 7-7. Dependencies between la
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Figure 7-8. Example of a domain ent
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• Eric Evans. Domain-Driven Desig
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Additional resources • Vaughn Ver
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layer library, so the domain model
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In addition, the class is decorated
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Mapping properties with only get ac
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} } protected set { _Id = value; }
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Repository contracts (interfaces) i
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constructed, you must provide the r
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How to persist value objects in the
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} In the previous code, the orderCo
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• Complex types and/or value obje
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public override bool Equals(object
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A better example would demonstrate
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Just as the view model and the doma
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external applications. Hence, they
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Figure 7-15. Handling multiple acti
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However, when the domain events cla
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Any rule that spans Aggregates will
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You can build all the plumbing and
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Domain events can generate integrat
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We must emphasize again that only o
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These multiple persistence operatio
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Implementing the infrastructure per
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At OrderingContext.cs from eShopOnC
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Methods to implement in a repositor
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public IServiceProvider ConfigureSe
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At OrderingContext.cs from eShopOnC
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Implementing the Specification patt
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Additional resources • Table Mapp
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{ } "id": "2017001", "orderDate": "
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Implementing .NET code targeting Mo
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Analyze your approach for productio
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Retrieve the database and the colle
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Designing the microservice applicat
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Sample command handler public class
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Using Autofac as an IoC container Y
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The command class A command is a re
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} CardNumber = cardNumber; CardHold
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public class CreateOrderCommandHand
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mediator pipeline (see Mediator pat
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Implementing the command process pi
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command won’t be processed again,
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Registering the types used by Media
Page 289 and 290:
The eShopOnContainers ordering micr
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• Put your controllers on a diet:
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eventually the application’s runt
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Use retries with exponential backof
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transaction when using an EF execut
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public ExponentialBackoff(int maxRe
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• Use HttpClientFactory Directly
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{ } _httpClient = httpClient; publi
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With Polly, you can define a Retry
Page 307 and 308:
Testing the circuit breaker in eSho
Page 309 and 310:
Adding a jitter strategy to the ret
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does not have any dependency on Azu
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namespace Microsoft.eShopOnContaine
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Health checks when using orchestrat
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Figure 9-2. Authentication by ident
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Sign in the user with this external
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Configure the OWIN pipeline to use
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Additional resources • Sharing co
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In this example, only users in the
Page 327 and 328:
Storing application secrets safely
Page 329 and 330:
Configure Key Vault client var kvCl
Page 331:
CLI versus IDE. With Microsoft tool
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