NET-Microservices-Architecture-for-Containerized-NET-Applications-(Microsoft-eBook)

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Authenticating using ASP.NET Core Identity ...................................................................................................... 309 Authenticating using external providers ............................................................................................................... 310 Authenticating with bearer tokens .......................................................................................................................... 312 About authorization in .NET microservices and web applications .................................................................. 316 Implementing role-based authorization ............................................................................................................... 316 Implementing policy-based authorization ........................................................................................................... 317 Storing application secrets safely during development ...................................................................................... 319 Storing secrets in environment variables ............................................................................................................. 319 Storing secrets using the ASP.NET Core Secret Manager .............................................................................. 319 Using Azure Key Vault to protect secrets at production time .......................................................................... 320 Key Takeaways ........................................................................................................................................ 322 viii
S E C T I O N 1 Introduction Enterprises are increasingly realizing cost savings, solving deployment problems, and improving DevOps and production operations by using containers. Microsoft has been releasing container innovations for Windows and Linux by creating products like Azure Container Service and Azure Service Fabric, and by partnering with industry leaders like Docker, Mesosphere, and Kubernetes. These products deliver container solutions that help companies build and deploy applications at cloud speed and scale, whatever their choice of platform or tools. Docker is becoming the de facto standard in the container industry, supported by the most significant vendors in the Windows and Linux ecosystems. (Microsoft is one of the main cloud vendors supporting Docker.) In the future, Docker will probably be ubiquitous in any datacenter in the cloud or on-premises. In addition, the microservices architecture is emerging as an important approach for distributed mission-critical applications. In a microservice-based architecture, the application is built on a collection of services that can be developed, tested, deployed, and versioned independently. About this guide This guide is an introduction to developing microservices-based applications and managing them using containers. It discusses architectural design and implementation approaches using .NET Core and Docker containers. To make it easier to get started with containers and microservices, the guide focuses on a reference containerized and microservice-based application that you can explore. The sample application is available at the eShopOnContainers GitHub repo. This guide provides foundational development and architectural guidance primarily at a development environment level with a focus on two technologies: Docker and .NET Core. Our intention is that you read this guide when thinking about your application design without focusing on the infrastructure (cloud or on-premises) of your production environment. You will make decisions about your infrastructure later, when you create your production-ready applications. Therefore, this guide is intended to be infrastructure agnostic and more development-environment-centric. After you have studied this guide, your next step would be to learn about production-ready microservices on Microsoft Azure. Version This guide has been revised to cover .NET Core 2 version plus many additional updates related to the same “wave” of technologies (that is Azure and additional 3 rd party technologies) coinciding in time with .NET Core 2. 1 Introduction
Page 1 and 2: i
Page 3 and 4: Contents Introduction .............
Page 5 and 6: Designing a microservice-oriented a
Page 7: Table mapping .....................
Page 11 and 12: Send us your feedback! We wrote thi
Page 13 and 14: In short, containers offer the bene
Page 15 and 16: The main goal of an image is that i
Page 17 and 18: Docker containers, images, and regi
Page 19 and 20: • You need to use third-party .NE
Page 21 and 22: When to choose .NET Framework for D
Page 23 and 24: Decision table: .NET frameworks to
Page 25 and 26: microsoft/dotnet:2.1-aspnetcorerunt
Page 27 and 28: S E C T I O N 4 Architecting Contai
Page 29 and 30: For example, in a typical e-commerc
Page 31 and 32: Figure 4-4. Publishing a single-con
Page 33 and 34: As shown in Figure 4-5, regular Doc
Page 35 and 36: Microservices architecture As the n
Page 37 and 38: Data sovereignty per microservice A
Page 39 and 40: It is important to highlight that d
Page 41 and 42: Challenge #2: How to create queries
Page 43 and 44: The Catalog microservice should not
Page 45 and 46: Identify domain-model boundaries fo
Page 47 and 48: Figure 4-11. Decomposing traditiona
Page 49 and 50: example, when handling dozens of mi
Page 51 and 52: Figure 4-13. Using an API Gateway i
Page 53 and 54: microservices. With this approach,
Page 55 and 56: deployment environment where you ar
Page 57 and 58: • Asynchronous protocol. Other pr
Page 59 and 60:
If your microservice needs to raise
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Figure 4-17. One-to-one real-time a
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Figure 4-18. A single microservice
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A note about messaging technologies
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Microservices addressability and th
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Figure 4-21. Example of a composite
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microservice to recover. Health eve
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Orchestrating microservices and mul
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DC/OS works by abstracting a collec
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might choose to use the Docker comm
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called a Gateway service if you imp
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Figure 4-30. Stateless versus state
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.NET languages and frameworks for D
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Set up your local environment with
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use is microsoft/aspnetcore:2.0. Th
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Step 3. Create your custom Docker i
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Note that this docker-compose.yml f
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Figure 5-10. VM with Docker contain
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Note that this URL in the browser u
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Using PowerShell commands in a Dock
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The application will consist of the
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Communication architecture. The eSh
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client and the APIs exposed by each
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The new world: multiple architectur
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Figure 6-5. Simple data-driven/CRUD
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The data model With EF Core, data a
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itemsOnPage = ChangeUriPlaceholder(
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- ConnectionString=Server=sql.data;
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• tool can be used from the CLI a
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} options.SwaggerDoc("v1", new Swas
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Defining your multi-container appli
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The root key in this file is servic
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Development environments When you d
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eShopOnContainers has the following
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#docker-compose.override.yml (Exten
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In this example, the development ov
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Building the application from a bui
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Creating the Docker images from the
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When you start this SQL Server cont
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EF Core InMemory database versus SQ
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Implementing event-based communicat
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multiple microservices; doing that
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void SubscribeDynamic(string eventN
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Implementing the subscription code
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[Route("update")] [HttpPost] public
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your domain entities. That table wo
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Update Product from the Catalog mic
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private async Task UpdatePriceInBas
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Deduplicating integration event mes
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Testing ASP.NET Core services and w
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public class PrimeWebDefaultRequest
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Therefore, you can choose and eithe
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Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. Lice
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By default, the cancellation token
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Going much further in the design, s
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In regards the microservice URL, wh
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Implementing your API Gateways with
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} "UpstreamHttpMethod": [ "POST", "
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created from that same Docker image
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Because of testing or debugging rea
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Figure 6-38. Position of the Identi
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… Then, you also need to set auth
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The deployment of eShopOnContainers
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However, most of the techniques for
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Figure 7-2. Simplified CQRS- and DD
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• Udi Dahan. Clarified CQRS http:
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You will also need to add a using s
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Describing Response Types of Web AP
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Designing a DDD-oriented microservi
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Figure 7-6. Layers implemented as l
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Figure 7-7. Dependencies between la
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Figure 7-8. Example of a domain ent
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• Eric Evans. Domain-Driven Desig
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Additional resources • Vaughn Ver
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layer library, so the domain model
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In addition, the class is decorated
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Mapping properties with only get ac
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} } protected set { _Id = value; }
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Repository contracts (interfaces) i
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constructed, you must provide the r
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How to persist value objects in the
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} In the previous code, the orderCo
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• Complex types and/or value obje
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public override bool Equals(object
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A better example would demonstrate
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Just as the view model and the doma
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external applications. Hence, they
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Figure 7-15. Handling multiple acti
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However, when the domain events cla
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Any rule that spans Aggregates will
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You can build all the plumbing and
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Domain events can generate integrat
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We must emphasize again that only o
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These multiple persistence operatio
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Implementing the infrastructure per
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At OrderingContext.cs from eShopOnC
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Methods to implement in a repositor
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public IServiceProvider ConfigureSe
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At OrderingContext.cs from eShopOnC
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Implementing the Specification patt
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Additional resources • Table Mapp
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{ } "id": "2017001", "orderDate": "
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Implementing .NET code targeting Mo
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Analyze your approach for productio
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Retrieve the database and the colle
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Designing the microservice applicat
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Sample command handler public class
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Using Autofac as an IoC container Y
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The command class A command is a re
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} CardNumber = cardNumber; CardHold
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public class CreateOrderCommandHand
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mediator pipeline (see Mediator pat
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Implementing the command process pi
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command won’t be processed again,
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Registering the types used by Media
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The eShopOnContainers ordering micr
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• Put your controllers on a diet:
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eventually the application’s runt
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Use retries with exponential backof
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transaction when using an EF execut
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public ExponentialBackoff(int maxRe
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• Use HttpClientFactory Directly
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{ } _httpClient = httpClient; publi
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With Polly, you can define a Retry
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Testing the circuit breaker in eSho
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Adding a jitter strategy to the ret
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does not have any dependency on Azu
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namespace Microsoft.eShopOnContaine
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Health checks when using orchestrat
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Figure 9-2. Authentication by ident
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Sign in the user with this external
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Configure the OWIN pipeline to use
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Additional resources • Sharing co
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In this example, only users in the
Page 327 and 328:
Storing application secrets safely
Page 329 and 330:
Configure Key Vault client var kvCl
Page 331:
CLI versus IDE. With Microsoft tool
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