NET-Microservices-Architecture-for-Containerized-NET-Applications-(Microsoft-eBook)

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aspnetcore-runtime is small so that it can travel quickly across the network from your Docker registry to your Docker hosts. The contents are ready to run, enabling the fastest time from starting the container to processing results. In the Docker model, there is no need for compilation from C# code, as there is when you run dotnet build or dotnet publish when using the build container. In this optimized image you put only the binaries and other content needed to run the application. For example, the content created by dotnet publish contains only the compiled .NET binaries, images, .js, and .css files. Over time, you will see images that contain pre-jitted (the compilation from IL to native that occurs at runtime) packages. Although there are multiple versions of the .NET Core and ASP.NET Core images, they all share one or more layers, including the base layer. Therefore, the amount of disk space needed to store an image is small; it consists only of the delta between your custom image and its base image. The result is that it is quick to pull the image from your registry. When you explore the .NET image repositories at Docker Hub, you will find multiple image versions classified or marked with tags. These tags help to decide which one to use, depending on the version you need, like those in the following table: microsoft/dotnet:2.1-aspnetcoreruntime microsoft/dotnet:2.1-sdk ASP.NET Core, with runtime only and ASP.NET Core optimizations, on Linux and Windows (multi-arch) .NET Core, with SDKs included, on Linux and Windows (multi-arch) 18 Choosing Between .NET Core and .NET Framework for Docker Containers
S E C T I O N 4 Architecting Containerand Microservice-Based Applications Vision Microservices offer great benefits but also raise huge new challenges. Microservice architecture patterns are fundamental pillars when creating a microservice-based application. Earlier in this guide, you learned basic concepts about containers and Docker. That was the minimum information you need in order to get started with containers. Although, even when containers are enablers and a great fit for microservices, they are not mandatory for a microservice architecture and many architectural concepts in this architecture section could be applied without containers, too. However, this guidance focuses on the intersection of both due to the already introduced importance of containers. Enterprise applications can be complex and are often composed of multiple services instead of a single service-based application. For those cases, you need to understand additional architectural approaches, such as the microservices and certain Domain-Driven Design (DDD) patterns plus container orchestration concepts. Note that this chapter describes not just microservices on containers, but any containerized application, as well. Container design principles In the container model, a container image instance represents a single process. By defining a container image as a process boundary, you can create primitives that can be used to scale the process or to batch it. When you design a container image, you will see an ENTRYPOINT definition in the Dockerfile. This defines the process whose lifetime controls the lifetime of the container. When the process completes, the container lifecycle ends. Containers might represent long-running processes like web servers, but can also represent short-lived processes like batch jobs, which formerly might have been implemented as Azure WebJobs. If the process fails, the container ends, and the orchestrator takes over. If the orchestrator was configured to keep five instances running and one fails, the orchestrator will create another container instance to replace the failed process. In a batch job, the process is started with parameters. When the process completes, the work is complete. This guidance drills-down on orchestrators, later on. 19 Architecting Container- and Microservice-Based Applications
Page 1 and 2: i
Page 3 and 4: Contents Introduction .............
Page 5 and 6: Designing a microservice-oriented a
Page 7 and 8: Table mapping .....................
Page 9 and 10: S E C T I O N 1 Introduction Enterp
Page 11 and 12: Send us your feedback! We wrote thi
Page 13 and 14: In short, containers offer the bene
Page 15 and 16: The main goal of an image is that i
Page 17 and 18: Docker containers, images, and regi
Page 19 and 20: • You need to use third-party .NE
Page 21 and 22: When to choose .NET Framework for D
Page 23 and 24: Decision table: .NET frameworks to
Page 25: microsoft/dotnet:2.1-aspnetcorerunt
Page 29 and 30: For example, in a typical e-commerc
Page 31 and 32: Figure 4-4. Publishing a single-con
Page 33 and 34: As shown in Figure 4-5, regular Doc
Page 35 and 36: Microservices architecture As the n
Page 37 and 38: Data sovereignty per microservice A
Page 39 and 40: It is important to highlight that d
Page 41 and 42: Challenge #2: How to create queries
Page 43 and 44: The Catalog microservice should not
Page 45 and 46: Identify domain-model boundaries fo
Page 47 and 48: Figure 4-11. Decomposing traditiona
Page 49 and 50: example, when handling dozens of mi
Page 51 and 52: Figure 4-13. Using an API Gateway i
Page 53 and 54: microservices. With this approach,
Page 55 and 56: deployment environment where you ar
Page 57 and 58: • Asynchronous protocol. Other pr
Page 59 and 60: If your microservice needs to raise
Page 61 and 62: Figure 4-17. One-to-one real-time a
Page 63 and 64: Figure 4-18. A single microservice
Page 65 and 66: A note about messaging technologies
Page 67 and 68: Microservices addressability and th
Page 69 and 70: Figure 4-21. Example of a composite
Page 71 and 72: microservice to recover. Health eve
Page 73 and 74: Orchestrating microservices and mul
Page 75 and 76: DC/OS works by abstracting a collec
Page 77 and 78:
might choose to use the Docker comm
Page 79 and 80:
called a Gateway service if you imp
Page 81 and 82:
Figure 4-30. Stateless versus state
Page 83 and 84:
.NET languages and frameworks for D
Page 85 and 86:
Set up your local environment with
Page 87 and 88:
use is microsoft/aspnetcore:2.0. Th
Page 89 and 90:
Step 3. Create your custom Docker i
Page 91 and 92:
Note that this docker-compose.yml f
Page 93 and 94:
Figure 5-10. VM with Docker contain
Page 95 and 96:
Note that this URL in the browser u
Page 97 and 98:
Using PowerShell commands in a Dock
Page 99 and 100:
The application will consist of the
Page 101 and 102:
Communication architecture. The eSh
Page 103 and 104:
client and the APIs exposed by each
Page 105 and 106:
The new world: multiple architectur
Page 107 and 108:
Figure 6-5. Simple data-driven/CRUD
Page 109 and 110:
The data model With EF Core, data a
Page 111 and 112:
itemsOnPage = ChangeUriPlaceholder(
Page 113 and 114:
- ConnectionString=Server=sql.data;
Page 115 and 116:
• tool can be used from the CLI a
Page 117 and 118:
} options.SwaggerDoc("v1", new Swas
Page 119 and 120:
Defining your multi-container appli
Page 121 and 122:
The root key in this file is servic
Page 123 and 124:
Development environments When you d
Page 125 and 126:
eShopOnContainers has the following
Page 127 and 128:
#docker-compose.override.yml (Exten
Page 129 and 130:
In this example, the development ov
Page 131 and 132:
Building the application from a bui
Page 133 and 134:
Creating the Docker images from the
Page 135 and 136:
When you start this SQL Server cont
Page 137 and 138:
EF Core InMemory database versus SQ
Page 139 and 140:
Implementing event-based communicat
Page 141 and 142:
multiple microservices; doing that
Page 143 and 144:
void SubscribeDynamic(string eventN
Page 145 and 146:
Implementing the subscription code
Page 147 and 148:
[Route("update")] [HttpPost] public
Page 149 and 150:
your domain entities. That table wo
Page 151 and 152:
Update Product from the Catalog mic
Page 153 and 154:
private async Task UpdatePriceInBas
Page 155 and 156:
Deduplicating integration event mes
Page 157 and 158:
Testing ASP.NET Core services and w
Page 159 and 160:
public class PrimeWebDefaultRequest
Page 161 and 162:
Therefore, you can choose and eithe
Page 163 and 164:
Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. Lice
Page 165 and 166:
By default, the cancellation token
Page 167 and 168:
Going much further in the design, s
Page 169 and 170:
In regards the microservice URL, wh
Page 171 and 172:
Implementing your API Gateways with
Page 173 and 174:
} "UpstreamHttpMethod": [ "POST", "
Page 175 and 176:
created from that same Docker image
Page 177 and 178:
Because of testing or debugging rea
Page 179 and 180:
Figure 6-38. Position of the Identi
Page 181 and 182:
… Then, you also need to set auth
Page 183 and 184:
The deployment of eShopOnContainers
Page 185 and 186:
However, most of the techniques for
Page 187 and 188:
Figure 7-2. Simplified CQRS- and DD
Page 189 and 190:
• Udi Dahan. Clarified CQRS http:
Page 191 and 192:
You will also need to add a using s
Page 193 and 194:
Describing Response Types of Web AP
Page 195 and 196:
Designing a DDD-oriented microservi
Page 197 and 198:
Figure 7-6. Layers implemented as l
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Figure 7-7. Dependencies between la
Page 201 and 202:
Figure 7-8. Example of a domain ent
Page 203 and 204:
• Eric Evans. Domain-Driven Desig
Page 205 and 206:
Additional resources • Vaughn Ver
Page 207 and 208:
layer library, so the domain model
Page 209 and 210:
In addition, the class is decorated
Page 211 and 212:
Mapping properties with only get ac
Page 213 and 214:
} } protected set { _Id = value; }
Page 215 and 216:
Repository contracts (interfaces) i
Page 217 and 218:
constructed, you must provide the r
Page 219 and 220:
How to persist value objects in the
Page 221 and 222:
} In the previous code, the orderCo
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• Complex types and/or value obje
Page 225 and 226:
public override bool Equals(object
Page 227 and 228:
A better example would demonstrate
Page 229 and 230:
Just as the view model and the doma
Page 231 and 232:
external applications. Hence, they
Page 233 and 234:
Figure 7-15. Handling multiple acti
Page 235 and 236:
However, when the domain events cla
Page 237 and 238:
Any rule that spans Aggregates will
Page 239 and 240:
You can build all the plumbing and
Page 241 and 242:
Domain events can generate integrat
Page 243 and 244:
We must emphasize again that only o
Page 245 and 246:
These multiple persistence operatio
Page 247 and 248:
Implementing the infrastructure per
Page 249 and 250:
At OrderingContext.cs from eShopOnC
Page 251 and 252:
Methods to implement in a repositor
Page 253 and 254:
public IServiceProvider ConfigureSe
Page 255 and 256:
At OrderingContext.cs from eShopOnC
Page 257 and 258:
Implementing the Specification patt
Page 259 and 260:
Additional resources • Table Mapp
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{ } "id": "2017001", "orderDate": "
Page 263 and 264:
Implementing .NET code targeting Mo
Page 265 and 266:
Analyze your approach for productio
Page 267 and 268:
Retrieve the database and the colle
Page 269 and 270:
Designing the microservice applicat
Page 271 and 272:
Sample command handler public class
Page 273 and 274:
Using Autofac as an IoC container Y
Page 275 and 276:
The command class A command is a re
Page 277 and 278:
} CardNumber = cardNumber; CardHold
Page 279 and 280:
public class CreateOrderCommandHand
Page 281 and 282:
mediator pipeline (see Mediator pat
Page 283 and 284:
Implementing the command process pi
Page 285 and 286:
command won’t be processed again,
Page 287 and 288:
Registering the types used by Media
Page 289 and 290:
The eShopOnContainers ordering micr
Page 291 and 292:
• Put your controllers on a diet:
Page 293 and 294:
eventually the application’s runt
Page 295 and 296:
Use retries with exponential backof
Page 297 and 298:
transaction when using an EF execut
Page 299 and 300:
public ExponentialBackoff(int maxRe
Page 301 and 302:
• Use HttpClientFactory Directly
Page 303 and 304:
{ } _httpClient = httpClient; publi
Page 305 and 306:
With Polly, you can define a Retry
Page 307 and 308:
Testing the circuit breaker in eSho
Page 309 and 310:
Adding a jitter strategy to the ret
Page 311 and 312:
does not have any dependency on Azu
Page 313 and 314:
namespace Microsoft.eShopOnContaine
Page 315 and 316:
Health checks when using orchestrat
Page 317 and 318:
Figure 9-2. Authentication by ident
Page 319 and 320:
Sign in the user with this external
Page 321 and 322:
Configure the OWIN pipeline to use
Page 323 and 324:
Additional resources • Sharing co
Page 325 and 326:
In this example, only users in the
Page 327 and 328:
Storing application secrets safely
Page 329 and 330:
Configure Key Vault client var kvCl
Page 331:
CLI versus IDE. With Microsoft tool
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