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Continued from Page 20 2018 (total of 60 drip irrigations). The treatments consisted of irrigation water with two levels of elevated sodium adsorption ratio (SAR, 4.6 and 6.6), three levels of elevated chloride (4.2, 7.7 and 11.7 meq/L), and two levels of elevated sulfate (18.3 and 26 meq/L of SO4). Table 2 displays a complete description of the salts’ composition of each treatment. Composite soil and leaf blade samples were collected from each plot at early, mid and late production stages and analyzed for pH, ECe, Ca, Mg, Na, Cl, B, HCO3, CO3 and SO4 (soil samples), and N, P, K, S, B, Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu, Na and Cl (leaf blade samples). Marketable and unmarketable yield, and berry weight were measured in average twice a week from December 2017 through June 2018, totaling 54 harvesting events. There was a total of 5.8 inches of rainfall throughout the entire growing season, of which 4.8 inches happened in March, between the first and second sampling events. Results and Discussion Total marketable yield of Fronteras was significantly (P0.05). The high sulfate treatment reduced Fronteras cv. marketable yield by 10 percent, although the differences were not statistically significant (P=0.094). Yield losses due to the elevated salts started before plant symptoms were noticeable in Fronteras. Total marketable yield of the Monterey cultivar was not significantly affected by any salinity treatment (Figure 3 and Table 4, see page 24). Cull rates of both cultivars were not affected by the salinity treatments. Fronteras berry weight was significantly reduced by 6.3 percent with the highest chloride treatment (11.7 meq/L). Salt concentrations in soil and leaf blade samples consistent- Continued on Page 24 22 Progressive Crop Consultant September /October 2019 Number 1 2 Treatments Description dS/m Elevated SAR, I 1.7 Elevated SAR, II 2.1 Table 2. Chemical analysis of irrigation water treatments of year 2 (2017/2018 season). Values represent average of three samples collected from the drip tape throughout the season. Table 3. Total yield response to treatments, Fronteras cultivar. meq/L 3 4 Elevated CI, I Elevated CI, II 1.6 1.9 2.4 2.4 7.2 8.7 3.6 4.8 5.5 6.3 4.2 7.7 11.7 11.7 5 Elevated CI, III 2.3 2.4 10.3 6.2 6.9 11.7 11.8 6 7 Figure 2. Total marketable yield of Fronteras cultivar displayed in boxplot graph; in this graph, the box represents the limits between the 25th and the 75th percentiles, and the whiskers represent the upper and lower endpoints. The horizontal line inside the box represents the median. EC Elevated SO4, I 1.8 Elevated SO4, II 2.3 SAR 4.6 6.6 2.7 3.1 Ca 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.4 Mg 2.9 2.8 7.9 12.9 Na 9.6 13.6 7.0 9.3 CI 1.2 3.1 2.1 2.3 SO₄ 16.4 18.5 18.3 26.0 8 Control 1.3 2.5 5.5 2.8 5.1 1.2 11.9 *Control water was provided by local water agency (United Water Conservation District). Number 1 2 Treatments Description lbs/acre Elevated SAR, I 70,626 Elevated SAR, II 68,795 Yield loss* 4% 6% P-Value 0.953 0.618 3 Elevated CI, I 68,850 6% 0.632 4 Elevated CI, II 64,075 13% 0.022 5 Elevated CI, III 61,160 17% 0.001 6 7 Elevated SO4, I 69,689 Elevated SO4, II 65,756 8 Control 73,393 *Compared to Control 5% 10% 0.820 0.094
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