2javier-e-flight oct 2019c
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Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) and<br />
Electric and Hybrid Propulsion Systems<br />
(EHPS)<br />
e‐<strong>flight</strong>‐forum in China: Ready for Takeoff<br />
Javier Vicedo, Ph.D. 魏 嘉 业 博 士<br />
EASA Representative China & North Asia<br />
欧 洲 航 空 安 全 局 首 席 代 表 , 中 国 和 北 亚<br />
javier.vicedo@easa.europa.eu<br />
TE.GEN.00409-001
VTOL Special Condition<br />
Paving the way to enable safe air travel of<br />
urban air mobility and air taxi aircraft<br />
Background / Rationale:<br />
• Addressing potential future air mobility<br />
platforms<br />
• Combining small rotorcraft (CS27) and<br />
normal-category aeroplanes (CS-23)<br />
E‐<strong>flight</strong>‐forum in China: Ready for Takeoff<br />
2
VTOL SC: Applicability<br />
CS-31<br />
YES<br />
aircraft<br />
lighter than air?<br />
UNDER<br />
CONSTRUCTION<br />
remote pilot<br />
autonomy<br />
…<br />
NO<br />
CS-VLA<br />
CS-22<br />
CS-23<br />
CS-25<br />
NO<br />
vertical<br />
take-off and landing<br />
capability?<br />
YES<br />
>2 lift units<br />
in VTOL?<br />
YES<br />
VTOL<br />
NO<br />
CS-VLR<br />
CS-27<br />
CS-29<br />
E‐<strong>flight</strong>‐forum in China: Ready for Takeoff 3
VTOL SC: Scope and Categories<br />
Scope<br />
• Vertical Take Off and Landing<br />
• Distributed Lift/Thrust Units<br />
• To Generate Powered Lift<br />
• And Control<br />
• Up to 9 Passengers<br />
• 2000kg MTOM<br />
Categories<br />
Basic<br />
(General Aviation, Special Operations)<br />
Enhanced<br />
(Urban Air Mobility, Air Taxi)<br />
controlled emergency landing<br />
continued safe <strong>flight</strong> and landing<br />
E‐<strong>flight</strong>‐forum in China: Ready for Takeoff<br />
4
VTOL SC: Considerations<br />
Category Enhanced - Example<br />
Considerations<br />
15 min @ 60 kt standard <strong>flight</strong>; range in case of battery<br />
failure vs. <strong>flight</strong> time:<br />
Performance Data<br />
range (NM)<br />
4<br />
2<br />
0<br />
0 5 time (min) 10 15<br />
Flight Envelopes<br />
Take-Off Performance<br />
Climb Information<br />
Controllability<br />
Flight Icing Conditions<br />
Structural Durability<br />
Design and Production<br />
Occupant Safety<br />
Fire Protection<br />
…<br />
E‐<strong>flight</strong>‐forum in China: Ready for Takeoff<br />
5
Electric and Hybrid Propulsion Systems: Background<br />
On-going certification projects around<br />
electric and hybrid propulsion<br />
• Different systems: electric propulsion /<br />
hybrid systems<br />
• At a/c level: the propulsive system are<br />
certified as part of the A/C<br />
• At engine level: electric engine or a<br />
complete propulsive system are certified as<br />
« an engine »<br />
• All projects are dealt on a case by case<br />
Pre-projects activities:<br />
• TAC (Technical advice Contract) to cover CT<br />
activities during a pre-project phase<br />
• IPC (Innovation Partnership Contracts) to<br />
cover cross-directorates topics<br />
Standardization activities
EHPS: Existing Material<br />
Special<br />
Conditions<br />
SC - Electric<br />
Propulsion in<br />
Sailplanes<br />
SC – Installation of<br />
Electric Propulsion in<br />
Sailplanes<br />
Created<br />
2016<br />
Created<br />
13/02/2019<br />
SC-LSA-15-01<br />
“Electric Propulsion<br />
Powerplant for CS<br />
LSA airplanes”<br />
SC VTOL<br />
Created<br />
07/2019<br />
Published<br />
December<br />
2018<br />
ASTM<br />
Today’s Part<br />
33 /CS-E<br />
Rules<br />
WK47374<br />
Current<br />
Task<br />
Group<br />
•ASTM Standard F3338-18<br />
•for Electric Propulsion<br />
Unit (EPU) for GA<br />
This document contains rule and MoC<br />
whereas it should only contain MoC<br />
Created<br />
08/11/2018<br />
SAE SAE E-40<br />
Electrified<br />
Propulsion<br />
Committee
EHPS: Special Condition<br />
Motivation<br />
• Consistency between projects that all look different.<br />
Up to now: SC on a case by case<br />
• (Required to support the use of ASTM F3338 for FAA)<br />
SC Propulsion format<br />
• Technology agnostic<br />
Objectives<br />
• Promote innovation<br />
• Non-prescriptive Objective based design specifications<br />
for propulsion (electric, hybrid,…) provided in a special<br />
condition (same framework as SC VTOL).<br />
• Provide the safety requirements for any kind of<br />
propulsion<br />
• Provide the safety requirements for any type of<br />
certification (propulsion within the a/c or on its own)<br />
• Be harmonized with other authorities
EHPS: Coordination with SC VTOL / CS 23<br />
CS-E / Part 33<br />
Aircraft<br />
Propulsion<br />
system<br />
SC-VTOL 2400 (b) or §23 2400(b):<br />
RULE<br />
« Each aircraft engine, propeller<br />
and APU must be type certified,<br />
or meet accepted specifications »<br />
Under dvp<br />
AMC<br />
Under dvp<br />
Under dvp
EHPS: MoC – Database<br />
Motivation<br />
• All projects look different<br />
• Consistency between projects<br />
• Gain knowledge: learning by doing<br />
Objectives<br />
• Common to all “electric or hybrid” projects<br />
• Flexibility & adaptability<br />
• Living database, easily updated<br />
• Rulemaking activity in the medium term<br />
• Be harmonized with other authorities
EHPS: MoC – Database (concept illustration)<br />
Rationale<br />
+ associated objective based design spec<br />
Safety<br />
aspects<br />
Technical<br />
aspects<br />
PBR xxx<br />
Rationale xxx<br />
File with<br />
technical<br />
terms<br />
definitions<br />
MoC xxx<br />
Rationale xxx<br />
…<br />
…<br />
MoC xxx<br />
Rationale xxx<br />
…<br />
MoC xxx<br />
Rationale xxx<br />
MoC xxx<br />
Rationale xxx<br />
Means of Compliance (from CS-E<br />
and AMC CS-E, ASTM F3338, SAE<br />
E40 & other)<br />
and Rationale
EHPS: Way forward<br />
May 2019<br />
End August<br />
TBC<br />
TBC<br />
EASA<br />
SC Propulsion and Database improvement<br />
– coordination with SC VTOL team,<br />
rulemaking and FAA<br />
Endorsement<br />
by CT of SC<br />
Propulsion<br />
SC Propulsion<br />
publication<br />
for comments<br />
Endorsement<br />
by CT of MoC<br />
MoC database<br />
publication for<br />
comments<br />
FAA<br />
ASTM<br />
SAE<br />
PBRs dvp (SC EPU) and improvement (harmonised with EASA)<br />
Use of PBRs in projects’ certifications through issue papers G1 or SC (Jobby, Lilium)<br />
ASTM F3338 for EPU<br />
• New WK: Liquid Cooling/Lub to EPU<br />
• New WK: Integral Thruster to EPU<br />
• Remove rule language<br />
• Incorporate improvements (based on comments during earlier ballots)<br />
•SAE E-40 Electrified Propulsion<br />
Committee terms of references<br />
TBC<br />
• New issue of ASTM<br />
F3338 for EPU:<br />
approval and<br />
publication<br />
EUROCAE<br />
•WG 112<br />
•VTOL<br />
•WG 113<br />
•Hybrid Electric Propulsion
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