Nonprofit Organizational Assessment

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1. Perceived needs are defined by what people think about their needs, eachstandard changes with each respondent.2. Expressed needs are defined by the number of people who have sought helpand focuses on circumstances where feelings are translated into action. A majorweakness of expressed needs assumes that all people with needs seek help.3. Relative needs are concerned with equity and must consider differences inpopulation and social pathology.HistoryConsidered the "father of needs assessment", Roger Kaufman first developed a modelfor determining needs defined as a gap in results. This particular emphasis in resultsfocuses on the outcomes (or ends) that result from an organization's products,processes, or inputs (the means to the ends). Kaufman argues that an actual need canonly be identified independent of premature selection of a solution (wherein processesare defined as means to an end, not an end unto themselves). To conduct a qualityneeds assessment according to Kaufman, first determine the current results, articulatethe desired results, and the distance between results is the actual need. Once a need isidentified, then a solution can be selected that is targeted to closing the gap. Kaufman'smodel in particular identifies gaps in needs at the societal level, what Kaufman calls"Mega" planning, along with gaps at the Macro (or organizational) and Micro level (thelevel of individuals and small groups). Organizational elements vary among the threedifferent levels: they are outcomes at the Mega level, outputs at the Macro level, andproducts at the Micro level. A Mega level needs assessment should be conducted if theprimary beneficiary of the desired results is society itself (as with the results of a cleanenvironment or continuing profit). If the desired results are not directly societal, but aredelivered to society (such as automobiles or college graduates), then a Macro levelassessment should be performed. If the desired results are building blocks for largerresults (such as a single sale or a passed inspection), then a Micro level needsassessment is appropriate.Kaufman articulated 13 indicators for societal well-being, which there will be no lossesof life nor elimination or reduction of levels of well-being, survival, self-sufficiency, andquality of life from any source, including (but not limited to):1. War and/or riot and/or terrorism2. Shelter3. Unintended human-caused changes to the environment, including permanentdestruction of the environment and/or rendering it non-renewable4. Murder, rape, or crimes of violence, robbery, or destruction of property5. Substance abuse6. Disease7. PollutionPage 32 of 211
8. Starvation and/or malnutrition9. Child abuse10. Partner/spouse/elder abuse11. Destructive behavior, including child, partner, spouse, self, elder, and others12. Discrimination based on irrelevant variables including color, race, creed, sex,religion, national origin, age, and location13. PovertyApplicationsDepending on the scope of the project a needs assessment can be a costly and laborintensiveproject. A general twelve step process might entail the following:1. Confirm the issue and audiencesPage 33 of 211
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Page 10 and 11: 4. Throughout the process, we encou
Page 18 and 19: This work is not meant to be a piec
Page 20 and 21: inefficiencies that have arisen in
Page 22 and 23: parts of the organization are not s
Page 24 and 25: Evaluating or crafting an organizat
Page 26 and 27: [businesses] to increase these valu
Page 28 and 29: Analysis of the information indicat
Page 30 and 31: for overseeing all problems within
Page 34 and 35: 2. Establish the planning team3. Es
Page 36 and 37: group or organization and outside i
Page 38 and 39: Unconscious need: Need that is unkn
Page 40 and 41: The benefits of training needs asse
Page 42 and 43: government, advocacy groups or a co
Page 44 and 45: Community Needs Assessment III - Th
Page 46 and 47: ConductionAccording to Sharma, Lanu
Page 48 and 49: Service GapsAn assessment of servic
Page 50 and 51: road map for improving neighborhood
Page 54 and 55: organizational culture as "corporat
Page 56 and 57: If organizational culture is seen a
Page 58 and 59: Promoting consistency and encouragi
Page 60 and 61: Management Types of CommunicationTh
Page 62 and 63: In a study of public-sector union m
Page 64 and 65: conflicts in cultural practices and
Page 66 and 67: It has been proposed that organizat
Page 68 and 69: 3. Model culture change at the high
Page 70 and 71: cultures into the one new culture.
Page 72 and 73: Research and ModelsSeveral methods
Page 74 and 75: Long- Versus Short-Term Orientation
Page 76 and 77: 4. Bet-the-company culture: This ha
Page 78 and 79: deepest level may be insufficient t
Page 80 and 81: 4. Object/Concept-In-Organization S
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contingent rewards motivate employe
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be effective. People are expected t
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As Grant points out, Robert H. Fran
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Change & Learning - Ways in which r
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The U.S. Tax Court recently issued
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GameHearts claimed that it was in f
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only residents of the planned commu
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ContentsDefinitions for "social imp
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the positive expectations of others
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Conversion includes the private acc
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Psychological ManipulationPsycholog
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UnanimitySocial Influence is strong
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including crime, civil unrest, and
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Advice UtilizationAdvice utilizatio
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judge in order to simply relay a su
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Other Factors Contributing to Advic
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JAS situations can also arise in mo
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element. This distinguishes it from
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Decision ModelsDecision models desc
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Collection AnalyticsMany portfolios
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Recent advancements in technology h
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Regression TechniquesRegression mod
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We do not observe z but instead obs
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positive as well as negative values
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An important concept associated wit
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linearity and a linear output layer
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KNIMEOpenNNOrangeRscikit-learn (Pyt
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Issue Title QuarterlyVol. I 2015 Th
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Issue Title QuarterlyVol. V 2019 Or
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LINonprofit ConfidentialityIn The A
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Vol. XVIII 2032 Public PolicyLXXVII
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African-American Youth in The May 2
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…Page 198 of 211
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The e-Advocate Journalof Theologica
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Issue Title QuarterlyVol. I 2015III
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The e-Advocate Juvenile Justice Rep
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2018 - The Theological Law Firm Aca
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www.TheAdvocacyFoundation.orgPage 2
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