WCN December 2019

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Continued from Page 58 insects to inhibit reproduction of the target pest is another example of biological control. Behavior control takes advantage of a pest insects’ attraction to certain colors, lights, odors of attractants or pheromones. Mating disruption uses pheromone lures to confuse adult insect pests and reduce mating potential and eventually reduce overall pest numbers. The physical or mechanical approach to pest management involves netting to protect crops, hand removal or vacuuming of target pests from crops, steam or solarization of ground to suppress soil pests and devices that deter pest birds from damaging crops. Microbial control makes use of bacteria, fungi, nematodes or viruses to control arthropod pests, parasitic nematodes and plant pathogens. Chemical control includes use of both synthetic chemical pesticides and chemicals of botanical origin. Dara noted that both types possess many human and environmental safety risks and all need careful consideration and application to avoid potential health risks. Pests can also develop resistance to pesticides if they are over used. Dara said that knowledge of pest control options, pest biology and damage potential enables growers to make decisions that will work for them. He stressed that successful IPM implementation is limited by growers’ lack of sufficient information about control options and knowledge of appropriate control options. It is also critical that growers can identify the pest, understand its biology and vulnerability of each life stage among other things to identify an effective control strategy. With more regulations on pesticide use and a reduction in the number of active ingredients in some crops, Dara said that there is more emphasis on better understanding of available pest control options. The planning and organization component of the new IPM model deals with data collection, organization and actual actions against pest infestations. Regular monitoring of a crop, Dara said, is a basic step in crop protection as early detection can save control costs. Monitoring or scouting can be labor intensive, but Dara noted that drone– assisted aerial imagery can improve efficiency and precision in managing pests. Good communication, the final component, calls for use of modern communication tools used to spread information about agricultural pests, emerging threats and new control strategies. Dara said that growers and pest control advisors should stay informed about existing and emerging pests and management options. Communication should not only be among growers, but also with the public. This sector is influenced by marketing and lacks knowledge of food production systems. Communication with the public will help with their understanding of and preference for different food production systems and it will also influence policy and regulatory decisions. Dara wrote that if growers implement good IPM strategies to produce safe food and consumers are aware of this practice then sellers would be able to market what informed consumers demand. He said Extension has traditionally focused on grower education, but public education about the importance of IPM can have a significant influence on the way food is produced. Dara said the new IPM model provides a template for focusing on different areas of the IPM paradigm and encourages collaboration. The new model is expected to guide IPM strategies worldwide to develop and implement sustainable agricultural practices to ensure profitability for the growers, affordability for the consumers and food security to the growing world population. Comments about this article? We want to hear from you. Feel free to email us at article@jcsmarketinginc.com 60 West Coast Nut December 2019
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WCN December 2019

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