WCN December 2019

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Continued from Page 63 of machine drying on nut quality and yields. Methods and consequences of in-field hull return and incorporation are also unknowns with advanced harvest. Shake and Catch Trial A shake and catch trial with an OMC Magnum Catchall showed positive results in a fifth leaf orchard, Brown said. There was some spilling of nuts in trees over 15 feet in height, and he noted that tree crotches need to be higher as current shake and catch equipment is not designed for 24 inch crotch height. Poor positioning of the shoe can also cause loss of nuts due to limited operator experience. The operation is also slower, shaking only 20 trees per hour compared to 60 with conventional equipment. This could be offset by the single pass needed compared to three to four with conventional harvest. Other Options Other existing options for harvest include modified grape harvest machines, over the top machines and wrap around harvest machine. Brown said trials showed the modified grape harvest machinery is hard on trees with possible lasting effects. The over the top, manufactured by Tenias in Spain, and exhibited at The Almond Conference 2018 performed well with some positives. Brown said the moving shaker head appeared to be efficient and the skirt conforms easily around the tree trunk. He also noted the machine is too heavy to be used on clay soils and there are concerns about excessive spur pruning. Brown said some possible cultural and environmental benefits to advanced off ground harvest are still being evaluated. Those include postharvest tree health and greenhouse gas mitigation. Research Priorities Advanced harvest research priorities named by Brown include: • Early harvest mechanics, with a focus on shaker practice and technology • Catch frame design • Hulling • Drying In biology and horticulture, research is needed in tree management for optimal shaking, timing, quantifying disease and tree health benefits, maturity and nut quality, hull breakdown and impact on nutrient dynamics, soil health and greenhouse gas dynamics, water use, economics and cost/benefit analysis. Long term research priorities include: • Tree architecture and orchard design with size controlling rootstocks • Grafting • Pruning and tree density • Planting design with cultivars in row or self fertile varieties • Precision harvest Brown said critical questions about advanced and off ground harvest to be answered are: • Will this harvest method work in all California almond environments, cultivars, age and planting designs? • What does this harvest method mean for future tree architecture and orchard designs? • Will size-controlling rootstocks be desired? • What will be the spacing need? Finally, the net benefits and costs must be considered. Comments about this article? We want to hear from you. Feel free to email us at article@jcsmarketinginc.com 64 West Coast Nut December 2019
Navel Orangeworm Control! Mating disruption product for conventional and organic California tree nuts!! THANK YOU FOR YOUR BUSINESS! STAY TUNED FOR NEW INFORMATION AND DATA! Navel Orangeworm, Amyelois transitella • Up to 80% or more potential reduction in damage vs. current insecticide program • Season-long control through post-harvest • Easy application with ready-to-use carrier pack • No moving parts, no batteries, no gummy deposits • Removal not required ® INCORPORAT ED INSECT PHEROMONE & KAIROMONE SYSTEMS Your Edge – And Ours – Is Knowledge. MATING DISRUPTION PRODUCT FOR NAVEL ORANGEWORM IN ALMONDS, PISTACHIOS & WALNUTS Contact your local supplier and order now! Visit our website: www.trece.com or call: 1- 866-785-1313. © 2019 , Trécé Inc., Adair, OK USA • TRECE, PHEROCON and CIDETRAK are registered trademarks and TM is a trademark of Trécé, Inc., Adair, OK USA • TRE-1590, 9/19
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WCN December 2019

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