Broad Street Scientific Journal 2020

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5. ConclusionIn summary, by using an emotional one-back taskallowing for the analysis of the interplay of WM and ER,we demonstrated between-group differences attributedto emotional blunting and surprising results for highriskparticipants. Our findings indicate that RO patientstend to show deactivation/lesser activation in WM andER regions, which can be attributed to limited capacity(and less activation overall), with fewer changes dueto emotional valence. Interestingly, our results suggestthat during an effortful cognitive memory task with noemotional valence, HR does not fall between CON and SZas an intermediate, but instead exhibits greater activation.Another surprising finding of HR was that less brainactivity was associated with a significant reduction inCON and RO patients’ performance, while more brainactivity was associated with a significant reduction in HRparticipants’ performance. Understanding the WM andemotional processing deficits in schizophrenia is a criticaltarget for improving diagnosis and recovery outcomes inschizophrenia.6. AcknowledgmentsI would like to acknowledge Dr. Andrea Pelletier-Baldelli,Dr. Aysenil Belger and Mr. Josh Bizzell from the UNCDepartment of Psychiatry for their help with understandingthe cognitive side of this project, as well as providing thedata used here, Mr. Robert Gotwals for his guidance duringthe research process, and the Research in ComputationalSciences Program at NCSSM.7. References[1] Guimond, S., Padani, S., Lutz, O., Eack, S., Thermenos,H., & Keshavan, M. (2018). Impaired regulation of emotionaldistractors during working memory load in schizophrenia.Journal of psychiatric research, 101, 14–20.[2] Seidman, L. J., Thermenos, H. W., Poldrack, R. A.,Peace, N. K., Koch, J. K., Faraone, S. V., & Tsuang, M. T.(2006). Altered brain activation in dorsolateral prefrontalcortex in adolescents and young adults at genetic risk forschizophrenia: An fmri study of working memory. Schizophreniaresearch, 85(1-3), 58–72.[5] Forbes, N., Carrick, L., McIntosh, A., & Lawrie, S.(2009). Working memory in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis.Psychological medicine, 39(6), 889–905.[6] Eryilmaz, H., Tanner, A. S., et al. (2016). DisruptedWorking Memory Circuitry in Schizophrenia: DisentanglingfMRI Markers of Core Pathology vs Other Aspects ofImpaired Performance. Neuropsychopharmacology, 41(9),2411–2420. doi:10.1038/npp.2016.55[7] Gray, J. R., Braver, T. S., & Raichle, M. E. (2002). Integrationof emotion and cognition in the lateral prefrontalcortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,99(6), 4115–4120.[8] Lang, P. J., Bradley, M. M., Cuthbert, B. N., et al. (1999).International affective picture system (iaps): Instructionmanual and affective ratings. The Center for Research inPsychophysiology, University of Florida.[9] Kring, A. M. [A. M.], & Moran, E. K. (2008). EmotionalResponse Deficits in Schizophrenia: Insights FromAffective Science. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 34(5), 819–834.doi:10.1093/schbul/sbn071[10] Jenkinson, M., Bannister, P., Brady, M., & Smith, S.(2002). Improved optimization for the robust and accuratelinear registration and motion correction of brain images.Neuroimage, 17(2), 825–841.[11] Smith, S. M., Jenkinson, M., et al. (2004). Advances infunctional and structural mr image analysis and implementationas fsl. Neuroimage, 23, S208–S219.[12] Thomas Yeo, B., Krienen, F. M., et al. (2011). The organizationof the human cerebral cortex estimated by intrinsicfunctional connectivity. Journal of neurophysiology, 106(3),1125–1165.[13] Bang, M., Kim, K. R., Song, Y. Y., Baek, S., Lee, E., &An, S. K. (2015). Neurocognitive impairments in individualsat ultra-high risk for psychosis: Who will really convert?Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 49(5),462–470.[3] Kring, A. M. [Ann M], & Elis, O. (2013). Emotion deficitsin people with schizophrenia. Annual review of clinicalpsychology, 9, 409–433.[4] Becerril, K., & Barch, D. (2011). Influence of EmotionalProcessing on Working Memory in Schizophrenia. SchizophreniaBulletin, 37(5), 1027–1038. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbq00932 | 2019-2020 | Broad Street Scientific BIOLOGY
SESAMOL AS A NOVEL REDOX MEDIATOR FORTHE ELECTROCHEMICAL SEPARATION OF CARBONDIOXIDE FROM FLUE GASMadison HouckAbstractThe increasing presence of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has contributed to overall rising temperatures over the pastseveral years. In particular, flue gas, which contains a mixture of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and oxygen, is a common waythat large quantities of carbon dioxide are introduced to the atmosphere. Previously, the redox couple hydroquinone andbenzoquinone were applied to a fuel cell capable of separating carbon dioxide from other gases, but the negative environmentalimpacts of these chemicals have prompted a search for an environmentally friendly option. This project seeks toapply the proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reaction of sesamol to achieve the same effect. Cyclic voltammetry wasused to evaluate the electrochemical response of sesamol. Cyclic voltammograms show that sesamol undergoes a quasi-reversiblereaction in sodium bicarbonate, with peaks that correspond to a redox couple appearing after one cycle or after adeposition. Additionally, half-cell liquid phase testing was performed, confirming that sesamol’s redox reaction creates apH gradient that drives carbon dioxide to be released at the anode. Furthermore, the construction of a fuel cell reveals thatwith applied voltage, carbon dioxide concentration increases on the permeate side of the cell when sesamol is utilized as aredox mediator. Future work can be done to further evaluate the efficiency of a sesamol fuel cell as compared to a quinonefuel cell, and to confirm that the system selectively transports carbon dioxide, and not other components of flue gas.1. IntroductionAs global temperatures continue to rise as a result ofcarbon dioxide’s increasing presence in the atmosphere,the wide-reaching impacts of climate change have drivenresearchers to search for new carbon dioxide remediationtechniques [1]. Many have been developed, including theuse of metal-organic frameworks, the direct reduction ofcarbon dioxide, and the use of nucleophiles to bind to carbondioxide [2]. However, some of these techniques fallshort when it comes to practical applications because of thelarge amounts of carbon dioxide that enter the atmospherethrough flue gas. Flue gas is created when fuel or coal isburned, and is composed of oxygen, nitrogen, water vapor,carbon dioxide, and trace amounts of other gases. Many ofthe carbon dioxide capture technologies mentioned aboveare rendered useless when exposed to flue gas; oftentimes,water or nitrogen gas interfere with the mechanisms used.Some technologies are simply not selective for carbon dioxide,and some are structurally damaged by the presenceof other gases [3].This problem prompted research into an applicabletechnology that uses a fuel cell to electrochemically separatecarbon dioxide from other gases. These technologiesrely on carbon dioxide’s unique sensitivity to pH changes.A pH gradient is established in the fuel cell that capturescarbon dioxide, and has no impact on the gases that mightbe present in the mixture. Such a gradient is establishedthrough the use of a redox mediator that undergoes a reversibleproton-coupled electron transfer reaction. TheFigure 1. Schematic for a fuel cell capable of separatingcarbon dioxide from flue gas electrochemicallyby establishing a pH gradient.most widely studied redox mediator is a quinone redoxcouple (shown in Figure 1). Quinones undergo a reversibleredox reaction. The reversibility of the reaction is importantbecause it means that the fuel cell can be used repeatedly,an important consideration when considering anywide-scale application. Additionally, the redox reactionthat the quinone couple undergoes is a proton-coupledelectron transfer reaction (PCET). While electrons are beingtransferred to oxidize or reduce a species, a proton isalso transferred. It is this transfer of protons that drivesthe pH gradient. As voltage is applied to the fuel cell, thequinone is reduced at the cathode and oxidized at the an-CHEMISTRYBroad Street Scientific | 2019-2020 | 33
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Page 3 and 4: Engineering SectionTIGER DomainOrga
Page 5 and 6: Engineering51 A Telemetric Gait Ana
Page 7 and 8: WORDS from the EDITORSWelcome to th
Page 9 and 10: THE FORSAKEN VICTIMS OF CLIMATE CHA
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AN INTERVIEW WITH MR. ERIK TROANFro
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