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RESEARCH ARTICLEDOI: 10.4274/tjh.2016.0502Turk J Hematol 2018;35:35-41Transformation of Mycosis Fungoides/Sezary Syndrome: ClinicalCharacteristics and PrognosisMikozis Fungoides/Sezary Sendromunda Transformasyon: Klinik Özellikler ve PrognozSeçil Vural 1 , Bengü Nisa Akay 1 , Ayşenur Botsalı 1 , Erden Atilla 2 , Nehir Parlak 1,3 , Aylin Okçu Heper 4 , Hatice Şanlı 11Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Ankara, Turkey2Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology, Ankara, Turkey3Etimesgut Şehit Sait Ertürk State Hospital, Clinic of Dermatology, Ankara, Turkey4Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Ankara, TurkeyAbstractObjective: Transformed mycosis fungoides (T-MF) is a rare variantof MF with an aggressive course. In this study, we aimed todescribe characteristics of MF/Sezary syndrome (SS) patients withtransformation.Materials and Methods: Patients diagnosed with T-MF among MF/SS patients between 2000 and 2014 in a tertiary single center wereevaluated retrospectively. Demographic data, clinical data, laboratorydata, immunophenotype features, response to treatment, survival, andhistopathologic features were analyzed.Results: Among 254 MF patients, 25 patients with T-MF wereidentified (10.2%) and included in the study. The male-to-female ratiowas 2.6/1. The median time between MF diagnosis and transformationwas 32 months (range: 0-192). Nine (36%) patients were diagnosedinitially with T-MF. Advanced disease stage and high serum lactatedehydrogenase (LDH) levels were indicators of poor prognosis andtreatment response. Five of the 18 patients with progressive diseasehad undergone allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT). Allo-HSCT resulted in complete remission in three (60%)patients. Ten (40%) patients died as a result of disease progression.Mean survival time was 25.2±14.9 (2-56) months after transformation.Conclusion: Advanced stage, high serum LDH levels, and loss ofCD26 and CD7 expression in the peripheral blood are poor rognosticfactors in T-MF. Treatment-resistant tumors and nodules should becautionary for T-MF. Patients with T-MF have a shortened survival.Some patients may respond to first-line treatments. However, themajority of patients who do not respond to first-line therapies alsoare unresponsive to second or third-line therapies. Allo-HSCT may bean alternative option in patients with T-MF.Keywords: Anaplastic, Transformation, Mycosis fungoides,Transformed, Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,Sezary syndromeÖzAmaç: Transforme mikozis fungoides (T-MF) MF nadir görülenagresif seyirli bir alt tipidir. Bu çalışmada transformasyon gelişen MF/Sezary sendromu (SS) hastalarının klinik ve laboratuvar özelliklerinindeğerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışmada tek bir referans merkezde 2000-2014 yılları arasında takip edilen MF/SS hastaları arasından T-MFgeliştirenler retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Demografik,klinik ve laboratuvar veriler, immünfenotiplendirme, tedavi yanıtları,histopatolojik özellikler ve sağkalım analiz edilmiştir.Bulgular: Takip edilen 254 MF hastası içerisinde 25 T-MF saptanarak(%10,2) çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Erkek kadın oranı 2,6/1’dir.MF tanısı ile T-MF tanısı arasında geçen sürenin medianı 32 ayolarak tespit edilmiştir (0-192). Dokuz hastada (%36) tanı anındatransformasyon bulunmaktadır. İleri hastalık evresi ve yüksek serumlaktat dehidrogenaz (LDH) düzeyleri kötü prognoz ve tedavi yanıtıgöstergesi olarak saptanmıştır. Tedaviye dirençli 18 ileri evre hastadanbeşine allojenik hematopoetik kök hücre transplantasyonu (allo-HKHT)yapılmıştır. Bunlardan üçünde tam remisyon sağlanmıştır. İzlemdetoplam 10 hasta hastalık progresyonu nedeniyle kaybedilmiştir. T-MFsonrası ortalama sağkalım 25,2±14,9 (2-56) aydır.Sonuç: İleri hastalık evresi, yüksek LDH düzeyi, perifer kan T hücrelerdeCD26 ve CD7 kaybı kötü prognoz belirteçlerindendir. Tedaviye dirençlinodül ve tümörler T-MF açısından şüphe uyandırmalıdır. T-MF’desağkalım kısalmıştır. Bazı hastalarda birinci basamak tedavilere iyiyanıt alınabilmektedir. Ancak birinci basamak tedavilere yanıtsızhastalar genellikle ikinci ve üçüncü basamak tedavilere de dirençgösterebilmektedir. Allo-HKHT, T-MF hastalarında alternatif bir tedaviyöntemi olarak kullanılabilir.Anahtar Sözcükler: Anaplastik, Transformasyon, Mikozis fungoides,Transforme, Allojenik hematopoetik kök hücre transplantasyonu,Sezary sendromu©Copyright 2018 by Turkish Society of HematologyTurkish Journal of Hematology, Published by Galenos Publishing HouseAddress for Correspondence/Yazışma Adresi: Seçil VURAL, M.D.,Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Ankara, TurkeyPhone : +90 505 432 46 82E-mail : secilsaral@gmail.com ORCID-ID: orcid.org/0000-0001-6561-196XReceived/Geliş tarihi: December 30, 2016Accepted/Kabul tarihi: May 22, 201735
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