Origins of the Tainan Culture, West Indies

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1. BARBADOS. Axe. "/10' R. M. ' / 2 , G. M. 1922. 6 . 163. Plate VIII. GRENADA. Adze. ' / 2 , G. M. 1922. 6. 34· 2. 190 5. 17. 221. 3. ST. VINCENT. Knife.
Plate IX. ;:j SANTO DOMINGO. Pottery fragments. 1/ 2' I. VIEQUES. 7, 9- 10, I3 .1.1!" SAMANA, 8, II- I2 . R . YAQUI, VEGA REAL. National Museum, Copenhagen. 10
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Origins of the Tainan Culture, West
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Origins of the Tainan Culture, West
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Table of contents: Page Preface ...
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VII Page CHAPTER X. - Social Condit
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Preface In all regions around the w
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CHAPTER 1. Immigrations and Indian
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The Guana- Only in the extreme west
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more as in its continuation informa
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an exclusively typical Siboneyan cu
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for the rest have rock suitable for
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Fulgur (Busycon).1) Presumably in t
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St. John's River district shows its
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of hematite. This also must be cons
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in elements. It contains many objec
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axe types, it can clearly be seen t
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when all the wild animals have been
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also of the caves along the south s
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subordinate significance from South
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The Arawak Race on the Continent. \
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Orinoco. This is in harmony with th
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Arawaks, they sold such things to t
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tion of RALEIGH of the word Salvaga
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5t:erra de Perifa1) and in the west
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I am not mistaken in assumption tha
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But when the latter made raids in o
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"Arvacas" lived on the south coast,
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to the northeastern part of Espanol
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Such long strong bows COLUMBUS saw
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the language of the True Arawaks,l)
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carbon" .1) He must have been decei
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menon. According to all that we can
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I agree with BRINTON, that the isla
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the northeastern part of Santo Domi
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island of Vieques 1 ), who were esp
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"From this it can be in/erred that
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had only seen a small quantity of c
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aportaron much muello los indios de
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The "parilla" on which the Indians
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foreign to the Indians of North Ame
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to the neighbouring islands from Es
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on Guadeloupe, called out to the Sp
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land communication between them was
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the time of the Discovery.I) The pr
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in the vicinity.I) The information
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But the cacicazgo was comprised of
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very difficult to explain in Cuba.1
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y the Haitians, were Camag~lay and
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wealth of cotton.l ) The Jamaicans
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the village itself was located here
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The character of sanctuary is seen
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which is so common in Puerto Rico.
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egion which was thickly populated b
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de la pelota (que ellos llaman bale
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llamamos bay1ar cantando" .1) I rep
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shown to be an actual one. DUERDENl
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101 In the shell-heaps can be seen
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103 Through the friendly offices of
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1 05 On another fragment of finer w
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I07 they originated, Columbia, wher
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109 strong rain. The soil of the fi
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III eum there are also celts with b
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II3 Certain shell-heaps of Jamaica,
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There are shell-mounds only between
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II7 meant l'rinidad. The Arawaks se
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shell-heaps contain not only marine
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I2I solid form of house. In additio
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I23 live in caves, where there was
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JAMES M. WRIGHT mentions "Lycayan b
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127 Inst., vol. XXVII, 1907, pIs XL
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129 On East Caicos Island, DE Booy
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trace back to the religious cult th
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I33 kind of burial with the body si
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CHAPTER III. Stone Artifacts, Celts
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137 dies, where in early times the
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I39 Importation, in reality occasio
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to the handle, in exchange, we know
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I43 is an adze,!) like several othe
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145 Grenada. A collection coming fr
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I47 among them an adze,l) which typ
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149 On St. Kitts-Nevis, celts were
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151 lection, coming from St. Vincen
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153 Hafting of the RIVET'S designat
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155 reproduced by HAMY,l) the same
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I57 p. I61.) Ii'rom the vicinity of
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159 ceremonial axes, with blades of
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161 ing that it appeared first in t
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Bahamas. DE Booy, Lucayan Artifacts
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ability is increased because the co
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the West I nd£es, the specimens wi
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169 Celts with 0 b 1 i que e d g e
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I7 I Axes. The general type of the
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173 In judging the method of haftin
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175 "winged types" with rounded but
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177 the axe with the rounded blade
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I79 belongs to the same type as the
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181 I~ashing is not conceivable in
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on the head, as well as the large c
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I8S In FEWKES I, pl. XXI e, is seen
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least of all from the continental p
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189 The semicircular blade appears
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I9 I Lesser Antilles. \Ve find this
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I93 Above all things, the great num
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I95 St. Croix. PvIuseum oj Copenhag
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197 a ridge, and the projection is
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199 DB GOEJE, I. A. E., Vol. XIX, P
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201 to the T-shaped axes. The butt
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203 The Trinidad specimen was found
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205 stone. FUNDERS PETRIE says: "Th
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207 If we return to Guiana, the pre
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209 influences complicated the deve
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211 As flint occurs in the Lesser A
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213 linked to the Siboneyan culture
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215 Flint artifacts on Cuba are alm
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2 17 KRIEGER does not give any info
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2Ig nicks by which to secure lashin
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221 this is the only kind of artifa
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223 Cuba, and in second hand for Ha
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225 painting of good quality, not o
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227 points out that the finding of
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229 The Parana The Argentine invest
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23 I ated eyes on a level with a co
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233 The archaic heads reproduced by
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235 And I know just as little about
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237 In Antillean vessels \ve often
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239 Margarita. THEODOR DE Booy, La
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go completely through, it is fired
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243 the inverted bottom-side of no.
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245 Important ceramic developments
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247 as their pottery seems to have
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249 The Island \Ve learn very lit
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25 I G. M. I6.I5.20, Nordlund Call.
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253 The two bird heads from Erin Ba
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255 painted before firing. I) It ha
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257 engraved figures appear very di
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259 South American continent. They
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26r Lesser Antilles from the Southe
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are occasionally representend as a
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St. Kitts-Nevis. BRANCH, Amer. Anth
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267 same characteristic, moreover,
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269 polychrome ceramic on which the
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27 1 in FEWKES II, Pl. 83 c-f are e
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273 That the thin painted ware on S
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275 pottery. They are not always fo
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277 found on the outside close to t
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279 Point shell-heap", b, "in an ol
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28r does he publish of the "finger-
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Islands. In the Igncrian sites, Lon
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285 Our knowledge of Puerto Rican c
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how the Tainos, after they had esta
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289 ville in Alabama.!) This latter
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29 I nor at L. Tacarigua,l) and on
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293 Far more difficult is the quest
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295 GOELDI found these large, ta11
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297 vessels (1928) are from dwellin
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299 dish, KRIEGER I, Pl. I9, a, (or
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30r Booy excavated, lies in a tract
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nearly a Cuban.I ) Then too, in a m
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30 5 very unlike the Andres-bowl, b
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307 Yessels, as is the case in east
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and isolated from it are two hands.
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3II vessels easier to handle, real
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a slight angle from the rim, which
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315 the water from springs in "cest
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3I 7 by an elevated eye-ringl) or b
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decoration, carried out on the broa
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321 bent "lugs". Fig. 6. shows anot
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323 an ceramics are verv hard to es
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grooves. Although both these thin-w
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327 islands are investigated archae
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ern States entered in at a late per
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33 1 ics, in Trinidad.!) A low, clo
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333 triangles over the Floridian fr
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335 Probably Floridian influence ha
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337 lands had only the character of
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339 una casa de paja que terna comu
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34I tral post that supported the en
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343 otras (that is, the houses of t
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345 madero can otro e para atar las
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347 casa dascubierta", something at
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349 for cassava. \Vhen there was an
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35 I possessed were the eoa, the di
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353 These three great food-plants i
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355 This information given by LAS C
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357 But the Spaniards only were in
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359 little from that usual among th
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in Oriente as in the forests of Gui
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y the women of the I
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use, the burens stood on three or f
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among the Indians, for these cakes
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Yahutia. Yahutia is a very peculiar
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37 I had real maizales and carried
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373 del habia grandes montanas y mu
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375 setiembre, y que en este tiempo
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377 ano y mas tiempo, encerrado en
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379 corn."!) Other grinders in Soci
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Without Infor- FEWKES II, Fig. 55,
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circumstance leads one to suspect t
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to the fact that only mealing stone
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y the natives. For the same purpose
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forked snuff-tubes on Espanola. Sti
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39 1 to avert revenge or ill-will,1
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393 the snuff through the nostrils
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395 in the following manner; they c
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397 on the Antilles through influen
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399 the cause of his death, and if
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40I is singular. I have previously
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One fruit which seems to have been
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gIVing their Tainen names,1) and fo
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native to more islands than Jamaica
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The milk-like juice of the fruit of
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4II which made it possible for the
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of America, is very much like yuca
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"tierra colorada" of Mona, the Tain
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sufre la longitud y latitud de el a
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from Laudoniere's Expedition 1Il 15
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421 Nevertheless, fishing was made
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I) That among the Island-Caribs the
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4r J the Tainos used their harpoons
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taken the materiaP) Indeed, LAS CAS
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fact that the noose with which the
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43 1 CUSHING is of the opmlOn that
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433 The biayas, a species of Cuban
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435 suited to kill small hutias tha
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437 goose-catching in lVIojoSl) The
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439 however, it can not be shown wi
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Spear Throwers. 441 To a consider
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443 an indubitable appurtenance of
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445 out in their own fashion. But t
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447 the Spaniards the Higueyan warr
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449 gente y varas por armas" .1) La
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45 I Perhaps the first observers di
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453 Caribs (BRETON, p. 94-95) belon
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CHAPTER VIII. Household Furniture.
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457 not only a chair of the Tainan
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459 rtensils. The household utensil
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As fas as we know with certainty, t
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CHAPTER IX. Gold. Ornaments. Dress.
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asentar en betum que elIas facen, s
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The Maya masks which the Discoverer
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was alloyed by Carib tribes in the
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471 Haitians called the South Ameri
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473 annual festival. No finds of tu
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475 aunque no esquinadas, sino redo
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477 the western Chaco must have obt
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479 Espanola it was considered suff
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side of which the space was divided
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Espanola. From the description of B
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women, which is drawn through betwe
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jubones antiguos de los franceses,
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was Ignerian. At the time of the Co
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491 the men predominated more among
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493 shells "que suenan como cascabe
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495 Drums. JOYCE (1916)1) and VON L
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497 he has moreover found in Americ
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499 LAS CASAS has discussed the rea
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501 tribes of the mainland. The wor
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Cor;CMBUS advanced to Guacanagari's
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It was the duty of the cacique to r
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507 tion given by MARTVR of what to
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509 con sus coronas" visited COUTMB
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5II The cacique-insignia of Espanol
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513 hammered gold. 1 ) In like mann
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In the conquest of Puerto Rico, alr
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Caonab6, "The Home of Gold", probab
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5I 9 heard of the arrival of COLUMB
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52! and in religion, but I will not
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523 his arm about the waist of his
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525 game were, that at each throw t
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The cacique's wifes lived with him
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times.1) The only place in the hist
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53! y Jamaica, no usaban el pecado
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533 this. For gold belonged to "cos
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535 a sanguinary revenge even for a
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537 formation without exception, th
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539 grande y continuo tormento, may
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CHAPTER XI. Burial Customs. Differe
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543 ching position. This mode of bu
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545 effects, others with clay vesse
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547 on Puerto Rico. HARRINGTON'S su
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549 private house. On the other han
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55r d. Direct burial in caves Many
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553 any scientists having had the o
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555 ser Antilles, but gives no deta
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557 Each different form of crematio
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559 burial that have been described
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561 akan mythology. \Ve find them i
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The idea of God. PAXE, Introdue- Ho
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tailed account as to her functions.
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The people of The Pomeroon Arawaks
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569 gttanara, which means »sitio a
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57 1 vvished to see him again. Yay
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573 This ends PANE'S relation of th
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lIedicine-men. Bohutios. buhitibus,
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577 ed the proper diet. In the fore
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579 so that in this manner they re-
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581 Its ongm reveals itself in the
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\vith tobacco smoke.I ) which tickl
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dead were to give oracular answers.
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there dwelt the spirit of a cazique
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S89 influenced from Peru, because Q
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59! dora de los Achaguas », a twil
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593 ceremonial uses. Possibly it ma
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595 caziques. They were worshipped
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597 stone, often jade. I ) In forme
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599 The West locality not particula
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60r have been zemi images. One of t
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Stone images. Apart from the Puerto
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605 he considers it to be a piece o
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607 Figurines. 'While large-sized T
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noted that the side projections are
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6rr longs to a different type, and
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613 corded so far south as Nasca. B
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615 by impulses in later times then
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617 spirit of Guarionex's father, a
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619 lieved that the powerful I,ord
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62! had to be preceded by vomition
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having reached the Tainos from Nort
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625 of maraca. "In a disguised voic
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~ 0 true stone masks are known to m
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- if not even fortuitous -- occurs
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among whom it no doubt it was a tra
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JOYCE states that "the rock from wh
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Borinqueiian culture that crossed o
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to interpret it as representing a b
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All this anthropomorphous sculpture
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"corresponds closely with that of s
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elongated cone above an engraved fa
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of wood, as mentioned in Chap. VI.
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lateral sides, bottom face incised,
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ling earthenware feet are very comm
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As regards stamps no ccnnexion exis
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Stamps constituted female toilet re
Page 668 and 669: Teotihuacan culture the manufacture
Page 670 and 671: Summary. The Tainos were a people t
Page 672 and 673: tion from which parts of the island
Page 674 and 675: 66r Tainan ethnography, such as we
Page 676 and 677: ence in the Lesser Antilles of axes
Page 678 and 679: vidualized and consequently more di
Page 680 and 681: higher degree, to a richer developm
Page 682 and 683: 669 from Honduras-Caribs accordingl
Page 684 and 685: medicine-men employed magical means
Page 686 and 687: In hunting - as also in battle - bo
Page 688 and 689: method of placing crossbeams on top
Page 690 and 691: Everything points to their not havi
Page 692 and 693: them, :vI:exico was of no importanc
Page 694 and 695: 681 The social system among the Tai
Page 696 and 697: western elements the Tainos had ado
Page 698 and 699: 685 characteristic of these islands
Page 700 and 701: een found in Cuba. Further similari
Page 702 and 703: vessels, generally elliptical, and
Page 704 and 705: 69 1 grave 111 St Kitts. Deformatio
Page 706 and 707: sides pure and simple medicine-men
Page 708 and 709: ongm the spear-thrower of estolica
Page 710 and 711: Addenda. 1. On effects of tobacco.
Page 712 and 713: 6 Plate II. 1- 9. SALT RIVER, ST. C
Page 714 and 715: Plate IV. 1. GUADELOUPE. Club-sh ap
Page 716 and 717: Plate VI. I. ST. CROIX. Celt. 1/2,
Page 720 and 721: P late x . ST. CROIX. ESTATE OF CON
Page 722 and 723: plate XII. b-l
Page 724 and 725: Plate XIV. ANTILLES. Twin figures o
Page 726 and 727: Plate XVI. SANTO DOMINGO. Effigy cl
Page 728 and 729: Plate XVIII. PUERTO RICO. Stone col
Page 730: INDIAN WEST INDIES "= -- 0 P. ... ,
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