January-February - Air Defense Artillery

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Camp Callan BRIGADIER CEi\'ERAL FRAr-;CIS P. HAHDAWAY. COllllllal/dil/g AAATC Camp Callan Officer Candidate school quotas ha\'e been increasing these past few months. Candidates for antiaircraft officer training is the primary objective with an increase from a quota of ninety-six in June, 1942 to a high of 250 for a single month. The other arms and services have increased from thirty in April to fifty-nine in December. In this group enlisted men have been detailed to Infantry, Field Artillery, Chemical Warfare. Coast Artillery, Army Administrative, Quartermaster, Armored Forces, and others. The combined total of all quotas filled from April, 1942 through December for Camp Callan was over 2,100 for all Officer Candidate Schools. Volunteer Officer Candidates arriving initially about August 15, have aided materially in filling the increased Antiaircraft quotas. This class of applicants comes into the service with definite qualifications and a definite purpose in view. They receive the same training as other officer candidates and are judged by the same standards. Administration of this important task has required the setting up of a section to process the applicants for Officer Candidate training. At present the section is composed of a field officer and three clerks. This field officer is the senior member of the Officer Candidate Board and one officer from each battalion is a member of this board. Meetings are regularly held one day a week and additional meetings are also required to handle the load of work. All antiaircraft prospective candidates attend regular school courses provided to equip them to enter the Officer Candidate School. Other candidates are given a course of instruction in administration. Candidates who are below average are given additional instruction where necessary and when their time comes to be detailed to Officer Candidate School, there is a feeling that those so detailed are qualified to pursue the school of the arm of service for which thev have been selected. The Camp Callan Antia(rcraft Replacement Center Plans and Training Section has worked out some very interesting problems including the development of a By Capail/ \\I. J. Hal/ser master control chart for the control of the 200 yard range. automatic weapons firing, gun firing, balloon firing. searchlight practice. towing missions and marches. Each subject of training is represented by a different color on the control chart which is made te cover a period of eight months, showing the daily setup on each item of training. As an example, if a certain battery is scheduled to be on the 200 yard range for five days. January 25-29, a small shield, colored to represent the 200 yard range, is pinned over these particular days for the organization concerned. In case a change is necessary, due to weather conditions. the entire schedule can' easily be shifted as the training is controlled four months in advance. All training battalions are represented. Batteries of the school battalions are staggered to enable the separate batteries to conform to the training of the battalions in accordance with the arrival of the troops, therefore. these batteries of the school battalions are normally at four different stages of training. This control chart has proved very satisfactory in regulating the controlled items of antiaircraft replacement training. Trainees manning a 40mm gun.
1943 COAST ARTILLEHY ACTl\'lTIES 83 De\'elopment ot idenuhcauon of aircraft training has brought forth \'arious ideas in addition to the Camp Callan aircraft identification chart as outlined in the September-October issue of The COAST ARTILLERY JOURNAL.As a means of visual study of the \'arious important identifying features of aircraft. actual pictures are projected on a screen by the use of a balopticon. Thus. photographs of planes in Right may be shown and carefully studied. Antiaircraft Artillery target practice has come into its rightful proportion rapidly since the conversion of Camp Callan from a Coast Artillery (Seacoast) T raining Center to one for Antiaircraft Training. The necessary eguipment is now nearly complete. Great interest has developed in the firing of these weapons at various tvpes of targets. In a recent 90mm firing practice at towed targets, the newlv trained personnel tracked their target, loaded and fired':"and made a direct hit on the first shot. The hit \\as so direct in every detail that the shell blew up the sleC\'e target. Conditioning of troops is another item on the training schedule that receives its portion of attention. To condition new troops gradually reguires a little training each day, eventually increasing to the overnight marches in preparation for field duty, New marches are inaugurated from time to time along the cliffs overlooking the ocean to the west of Camp Callan. Then too, the back country furnishes a variety of marches of greater length and overnight bivouacs. The original obstacle course, 100, is not what it used to be. In the face lifting or modernizing process, new and interesting features were added to this important item of training during the past few weeks. A word picture about dimout applied to a military camp along the coast line could well be given. Camp Callan is located on high ground overlooking the ocean and with its commanding position definite steps for Trainees climbing the cliffs. local passi\'e protection ha\'e been taken. Soon after the declaration of war, the cream colored cantonment buildings were painted a dull lusterless green. Later, came the dimout. and dimout is almost blackout when viewed from the ocean. All street lights are shaded to prevent direct light rays upward or horizontal. All interior lights are shaded to prevent direct light from shining out the windows toward the sea. Added to this all automobiles and other motor vehicles driven at ~ight are reguired to use dimout lights and slow their speed, Dimout lights for motor vehicles in camp and along the coast permit only 250 beam candle power per lamp and that amount is very little as compared to the former authorized low beam road lights. The fall scrap drive in the San Diego Area was a huge success. Army, Navy and Marine Corps trucks were thoroughly organized for collection of all types of scrap assembled by the population in the San Diego City Area. The collection was somewhat competitive in that the Army collected the material one Sunday, the J\/larine Corps on another and the Navy on another S~nday, To climax the drive of collecting the huge pile ~f scrap, the Army, augmented by all available vehicles from local transportation companies, worked hard and long the final Sunday. Defense Command officer training has been organized at Camp Callan recently, This program of education is in the form of a refresher course for the many officers recently reporting for duty and who have not been active in Antiaircraft Artillery during the present emergency. The concentrated coordinated schooling equips the individual officers better to cope with the present antiaircraft officers' problems. In the early part of December, the Antiaircraft Command Inspection team from Richmond, Virginia and Camp Davis, visited Camp Callan. Colonel Frank C. McConnell was the senior member of the party covering the various camp activities and progress of training of the battalions.
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January-February - Air Defense Artillery

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