181982937-Clark-s-Pocket-Handbook-For-Radiographers-pdf (1)

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Anatomical TerminologyAnatomical positionAnterior aspect ofbodyPosterior aspect ofbodyMedial aspect of armSagittalplaneCoronalplaneAxial ortransverseplaneLateral aspectof bodyBody planes3
Key Aspects of Radiographic PracticeLines and Landmarks Used in Radiographyof the SkullLandmarks■■■■■■■Outer canthus of the eye: the point where the upper and lowereyelids meet laterally.Infra-orbital margin/point: the inferior rim of the orbit, with thepoint being located at its lowest point.Nasion: the articulation between the nasal and frontal bones.Glabella: a bony prominence found on the frontal boneimmediately superior to the nasion.Vertex: the highest point of the skull in the median sagittal plane.External occipital protuberance (inion): a bony prominence foundon the occipital bone, usually coincident with the median sagittalplane.External auditory meatus: the opening within the ear that leadsinto the external auditory canal.Lines■ Inter-orbital (interpupillary) line: joins the centre of the two orbitsor the centre of the two pupils when the eyes are looking straightforward.■ Infra-orbital line: joints the two infra-orbital points.■ Anthropological baseline: passes from the infra-orbital point to theupper border of the external auditory meatus (also known as theFrankfurter line).■ Orbito-meatal baseline (radiographic baseline): extends from theouter canthus of the eye to the centre of the external auditorymeatus. This line is angled approximately 10 degrees to theanthropological baseline.4
Page 2 and 3: CLARK’sPOCKETHANDBOOKFORRADiograp
Page 4 and 5: CLARK’sPOCKETHANDBOOKFORRADiograp
Page 6 and 7: CONTENTSPrefaceAcknowledgementsSect
Page 8 and 9: Skull - Occipito-frontal 18830 Degr
Page 10 and 11: PREFACEThis text is an accompanimen
Page 12 and 13: SECTION 1KEY ASPECTS OFRADIOGRAPHIC
Page 16 and 17: Anatomical TerminologyAuricular lin
Page 18 and 19: Positioning TerminologyPosition for
Page 20 and 21: Positioning TerminologyDorsiflexion
Page 22 and 23: Projection TerminologyAnteriorPoste
Page 24 and 25: Projection TerminologyMSPRightRight
Page 26 and 27: Patient Identity And ConsentPATIENT
Page 28 and 29: Justification Of ExaminationJUSTIFI
Page 30 and 31: Radiation ProtectionRADIATION PROTE
Page 32 and 33: Radiation ProtectionTable 1.1 Radia
Page 34 and 35: PregnancyAsk patient ‘Are you or
Page 36 and 37: ‘The 10-Point Plan’5 Correct im
Page 38 and 39: ‘The 10-Point Plan’Underexposed
Page 40 and 41: Examination Timeline■■■■Giv
Page 42 and 43: Assessment of TraumaGUIDELINES FOR
Page 44 and 45: Theatre RadiographyTHEATRE RADIOGRA
Page 46 and 47: Theatre Radiography■■■Patient
Page 48 and 49: Hand - Lateral 118Hip - Antero-post
Page 50 and 51: This page intentionally left blank
Page 52 and 53: Abdomen - Antero-posterior SupinePo
Page 54 and 55: Abdomen - PronePositioning for pron
Page 56 and 57: Abdomen - Left Lateral DecubitusPos
Page 58 and 59: Acromioclavicular JointPositioning
Page 60 and 61: Ankle - Antero-posterior/Mortice Jo
Page 62 and 63: Ankle - LateralPositioning for late
Page 64 and 65:
Calcaneum - AxialPositioning for ax
Page 66 and 67:
Cervical Spine - Antero-posterior C
Page 68 and 69:
Cervical Spine - Lateral ErectPosit
Page 70 and 71:
Cervical Spine - AP C1-C2 ‘Open M
Page 72 and 73:
Cervical Spine - Lateral ‘Swimmer
Page 74 and 75:
Cervical Spine - Lateral SupinePosi
Page 76 and 77:
Cervical Spine - Posterior ObliqueP
Page 78 and 79:
Cervical Spine - Flexion and Extens
Page 80 and 81:
Chest - Postero-anteriorPositioning
Page 82 and 83:
Chest - Antero-posterior (Erect)Pos
Page 84 and 85:
Chest - LateralPositioning for late
Page 86 and 87:
Chest - Supine (Antero-posterior)Po
Page 88 and 89:
Chest - Mobile/Trolley (Antero-post
Page 90 and 91:
Clavicle - Postero-anteriorPosition
Page 92 and 93:
Clavicle - Infero-superiorPositioni
Page 94 and 95:
Coccyx - LateralPositioning for lat
Page 96 and 97:
Elbow - Antero-posteriorPositioning
Page 98 and 99:
Elbow - AP Alternate Projections fo
Page 100 and 101:
Elbow - LateralPositioning for late
Page 102 and 103:
Facial Bones - Occipito-mental45°P
Page 104 and 105:
Facial Bones - Occipito-mental (30
Page 106 and 107:
Femur - Antero-posteriorPositioning
Page 108 and 109:
Femur - LateralPositioning for late
Page 110 and 111:
Fingers - Dorsi-palmarPositioning f
Page 112 and 113:
Fingers - Lateral Index and Middle
Page 114 and 115:
Fingers - Lateral Ring and Little F
Page 116 and 117:
Foot - Dorsi-plantarPositioning for
Page 118 and 119:
Foot - Dorsi-plantar ObliquePositio
Page 120 and 121:
Foot - Lateral ErectPositioning for
Page 122 and 123:
Forearm - Antero-posteriorPositioni
Page 124 and 125:
Forearm - LateralPositioning for la
Page 126 and 127:
Hand - Dorsi-palmarPositioning ford
Page 128 and 129:
Hand - Dorsi-palmar ObliquePosition
Page 130 and 131:
Hand - LateralPositioning for later
Page 132 and 133:
Hip - Antero-posteriorPositioning f
Page 134 and 135:
Hip - Lateral Neck of Femur (Trauma
Page 136 and 137:
Hip - ‘Frog Leg Lateral’Positio
Page 138 and 139:
Humerus - Antero-posteriorPositioni
Page 140 and 141:
Humerus - LateralPositioning for la
Page 142 and 143:
Knee - Antero-posteriorPositioning
Page 144 and 145:
Knee - LateralPositioning for later
Page 146 and 147:
Knee - Horizontal Beam Lateral (Tra
Page 148 and 149:
Knee - Tunnel/Intercondylar NotchPo
Page 150 and 151:
Knee - ‘Skyline’ Patella (Super
Page 152 and 153:
Lumbar Spine - Antero-posteriorPosi
Page 154 and 155:
Lumbar Spine - LateralPositioning f
Page 156 and 157:
Lumbar Spine - ObliquePositioning f
Page 158 and 159:
Lumbar Sacral Junction (L5-S1)Posit
Page 160 and 161:
Mandible - Postero-anteriorPosition
Page 162 and 163:
Mandible - Lateral Oblique30°Posit
Page 164 and 165:
Orbits - Occipito-mental (Modified)
Page 166 and 167:
Essential Image Characteristics■
Page 168 and 169:
OrthopantomographyExample of correc
Page 170 and 171:
Pelvis - Antero-posteriorPositionin
Page 172 and 173:
Sacro-iliac Joints - Postero-anteri
Page 174 and 175:
Sacrum - LateralPositioning for lat
Page 176 and 177:
Scaphoid - Postero-anteriorPosition
Page 178 and 179:
Scaphoid - Anterior ObliquePosition
Page 180 and 181:
Scaphoid - Posterior ObliquePositio
Page 182 and 183:
Scaphoid - Ulnar DeviationPositioni
Page 184 and 185:
Shoulder Girdle - Antero-posteriorP
Page 186 and 187:
Shoulder Joint - Antero-posteriorPo
Page 188 and 189:
Shoulder - Supero-inferior (Axial)P
Page 190 and 191:
Shoulder Joint - Lateral Oblique
Page 192 and 193:
Sinuses - Occipito-mental45°Positi
Page 194 and 195:
Sinuses - Occipito-frontal 15 Degre
Page 196 and 197:
Sinuses - LateralPositioning for la
Page 198 and 199:
Skull - Occipito-frontal 20 Degrees
Page 200 and 201:
Skull - Occipito-frontal 30 Degrees
Page 202 and 203:
Skull - Lateral ErectPositioning fo
Page 204 and 205:
Skull - Fronto-occipital 20 Degrees
Page 206 and 207:
Skull - Modified Half Axial25°Posi
Page 208 and 209:
Skull - Lateral (Supine/Trolley)Pos
Page 210 and 211:
Sternum - LateralPositioning for la
Page 212 and 213:
Thoracic Spine - Antero-posteriorPo
Page 214 and 215:
Thoracic Spine - LateralPositioning
Page 216 and 217:
Thumb - Antero-posteriorPositioning
Page 218 and 219:
Thumb - LateralPositioning for late
Page 220 and 221:
Tibia and Fibula - Antero-posterior
Page 222 and 223:
Tibia and Fibula - LateralPositioni
Page 224 and 225:
Toe - Hallux - LateralPositioning f
Page 226 and 227:
Toes - Dorsi-plantarPositioning for
Page 228 and 229:
Toes Second to Fifth - Dorsi-Planta
Page 230 and 231:
Wrist - Postero-anteriorPositioning
Page 232 and 233:
Wrist - LateralPositioning for late
Page 234 and 235:
Zygomatic Arches - Infero-superiorP
Page 236 and 237:
Non-imaging Diagnostic TestsNON-IMA
Page 238 and 239:
Medical TerminologyMEDICAL TERMINOL
Page 240 and 241:
Medical TerminologyTrans-Urin- or u
Page 242 and 243:
Medical AbbreviationsD&VD&CDVTDIPDD
Page 244 and 245:
Medical AbbreviationsOFOMORIFPAPEPI
Page 246 and 247:
INDEXNote: page numbers in bold ref
Page 248 and 249:
Indexflexion 8, 8, 9cervical spine
Page 250 and 251:
Indexmastoid process 58maxillary si
Page 252 and 253:
Indexlateral 164, 166posterior obli
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181982937-Clark-s-Pocket-Handbook-For-Radiographers-pdf (1)

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